环境：
操作系统：Ubuntu 16.04.3 LTS
Docker版本:17.12.1-ce
1、配置IP地址
sudo vim /etc/network/interfaces
auto ens33
iface ens33 inet static
address 172.16.0.100
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 172.16.0.2
2、配置APT软件源
sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu xenial stable
# deb-src [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu xenial stable
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
3、更新APT源索引
sudo apt-get update
4、允许通过HTTPS方式使用APT源
sudo apt-get install \
apt-transport-https \
ca-certificates \
curl \
software-properties-common
5、添加Docker 官方源GPG KEY
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
6、验证GPG KEY添加是否成功
sudo apt-key fingerprint 0EBFCD88
7、设置安装Stable 版本的Docker
udo add-apt-repository \
"deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu \
$(lsb_release -cs) \
stable"
8、更新APT索引并安装Docker
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install docker-ce
9、查看Docker版本
sudo docker version
sudo docker --version
sudo docker info
10、验证Docker安装是否成功
sudo docker run hello-world
11、启动或关闭Docker engine
systemctl start docker.service #启动Docker 服务
systemctl status docker.service #查看Docker服务状态
systemctl stop docker.service #关闭Docker 服务
原文地址：http://blog.51cto.com/12615191/2083154