1.Tomcat简介
Tomcat是Apache软件基金会（Apache Software Foundation）的Jakarta 项目中的一个核心项目，由Apache、Sun和其他一些公司及个人共同开发而成。
Tomcat服务器是一个免费的开放源代码的Web应用服务器，属于轻量级应用服务器，在中小型系统和并发访问用户不是很多的场合下被普遍使用，是开发和调试
JSP程序的首选。
Tomcat和Nginx、Apache(httpd)、lighttpd等Web服务器一样，具有处理HTML页面的功能，另外它还是一个Servlet和JSP容器，独立的Servlet容器是
Tomcat的默认模式。不过，Tomcat处理静态HTML的能力不如Nginx/Apache服务器。
2.Tomcat安装
2.1软件准备
JDK下载：http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk8-downloads-2133151.html
Tomcat下载：http://tomcat.apache.org/
Jenkins下载：https://jenkins.io/index.html
2.2 部署java和tomcat环境
2.2.1将下载的jdk和tomcat源码包解压到/usr/local/include/下
tar -zxvf apache-tomcat-8.0.27.tar.gz -C /usr/local/include/tomcat8 #同理解压JDK
2.2.2在/etc/profile末尾添加如下代码，修改完后执行source /etc/profile，使配置文件立即生效
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/include/jdk/
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JAVA_HOME/jre/bin:$PATH
export TOMCAT_HOME=/usr/local/include/tomcat8/
export CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
2.3 Tomcat目录介绍
.
├── bin #→用以启动、关闭Tomcat或者其它功能的脚本（.bat文件和.sh文件）
├── conf #→用以配置Tomcat的XML及DTD文件
├── lib #→存放web应用能访问的JAR包
├── LICENSE
├── logs #→Catalina和其它Web应用程序的日志文件
├── NOTICE
├── RELEASE-NOTES
├── RUNNING.txt
├── temp #→临时文件
├── webapps #→Web应用程序根目录
└── work #→用以产生有JSP编译出的Servlet的.java和.class文件
7 directories, 4 files
2.4 webapps目录结构
[[email protected] tomcat]# cd webapps/
[[email protected] webapps]# ll
total 20
drwxr-xr-x 14 root root 4096 Oct 5 12:09 docs #→tomcat帮助文档
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 Oct 5 12:09 examples #→web应用实例
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Oct 5 12:09 host-manager #→管理
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Oct 5 12:09 manager #→管理
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Oct 5 12:09 ROOT #→默认网站根目录
2.5 启动Tomcat（也可直接使用/usr/local/include/tomcat8/bin/catalina.sh start|stop）
启动程序: /usr/local/include/tomcat8/bin/startup.sh
关闭程序: /usr/local/include/tomcat8/bin/shutdown.sh
[[email protected] ~]# /application/tomcat/bin/startup.sh
Using CATALINA_BASE: /application/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /application/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /application/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /application/jdk
Using CLASSPATH: /application/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/application/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.
查看监听端口
[[email protected] tomcat8]# netstat -tunlp|grep java
tcp 0 0 :::8009 :::* LISTEN 1914/java
tcp 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 1914/java
查看进程
[[email protected] tomcat8]# ps -ef|grep java
root 1914 1 13 23:08 pts/0 00:00:19 /usr/local/include/jdk//bin/java -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/usr/local/include/tomcat8//conf/logging.properties -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager -Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048 -Djava.protocol.handler.pkgs=org.apache.catalina.webresources -classpath /usr/local/include/tomcat8//bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/include/tomcat8//bin/tomcat-juli.jar -Dcatalina.base=/usr/local/include/tomcat8/ -Dcatalina.home=/usr/local/include/tomcat8/ -Djava.io.tmpdir=/usr/local/include/tomcat8//temp org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start
2.6 访问网站
网址：http://192.168.100.81:8080/ #服务器IP地址
2.7 Tomcat日志
tomcat实时日志查看
[[email protected] tomcat8]# tailf /usr/local/include/tomcat8/logs/catalina.out
22-Apr-2017 23:08:29.659 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deployment of web application directory /usr/local/include/tomcat8/webapps/host-manager has finished in 44 ms
22-Apr-2017 23:08:29.663 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory /usr/local/include/tomcat8/webapps/ROOT
22-Apr-2017 23:08:29.690 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deployment of web application directory /usr/local/include/tomcat8/webapps/ROOT has finished in 27 ms
22-Apr-2017 23:08:29.691 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory /usr/local/include/tomcat8/webapps/examples
22-Apr-2017 23:08:29.954 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deployment of web application directory /usr/local/include/tomcat8/webapps/examples has finished in 259 ms
22-Apr-2017 23:08:29.955 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory /usr/local/include/tomcat8/webapps/manager
22-Apr-2017 23:08:29.982 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deployment of web application directory /usr/local/include/tomcat8/webapps/manager has finished in 27 ms
22-Apr-2017 23:08:29.990 INFO [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.start Starting ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-80"]
22-Apr-2017 23:08:30.019 INFO [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.start Starting ProtocolHandler ["ajp-nio-8009"]
22-Apr-2017 23:08:30.036 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start Server startup in 26300 ms
3.Tomcat配置文件
3.1 Tomcat配置文件介绍
[[email protected] tomcat8]# ll /usr/local/include/tomcat8/conf/
total 228
drwxr-x--- 3 root root 4096 Apr 22 15:00 Catalina
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 12895 Apr 13 20:58 catalina.policy
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7376 Apr 13 20:58 catalina.properties
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1338 Apr 22 21:41 context.xml
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1149 Apr 13 20:58 jaspic-providers.xml
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2358 Apr 13 20:58 jaspic-providers.xsd
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 3622 Apr 13 20:58 logging.properties
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7509 Apr 22 15:05 server.xml #→主配置文件
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2298 Apr 22 22:10 tomcat-users.xml #→Tomcat管理用户配置文件
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2633 Apr 13 20:58 tomcat-users.xsd
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 168133 Apr 13 20:58 web.xml
3.2 Tomcat配置管理界面（注意：测试功能，生产环境不要用。）
Tomcat管理功能用于对Tomcat自身以及部署在Tomcat上的应用进行管理的web应用。在默认情况下是处于禁用状态的。如果需要开启这个功能，就需要配置管理用户，即配置上面提到的tomcat-users.xml。
配置tomcat-users.xml文件
[[email protected] tomcat8]# vim /usr/local/include/tomcat8/conf/tomcat-users.xml
…………
<role rolename="admin-gui"/>
<role rolename="manager-gui"/>
<role rolename="manager-status"/>
<role rolename="manager-script"/>
<role rolename="manager-jmx"/>
<user username="tomcatadmin" password="Foxconn99" roles="admin-gui,manager-gui,manager-status,manager-script,manager-jmx" />
</tomcat-users> #在此行前加入上面六行
配置完后，重新启动tomcat服务生效
[[email protected] ~]# /usr/local/include/tomcat8/bin/shutdown.sh
[[email protected] ~]# /usr/local/include/tomcat8/bin/startup.sh
配置context.xml文件
[[email protected] conf]# find / -name context.xml
/usr/local/include/tomcat8/webapps/host-manager/META-INF/context.xml #修改访问IP列表
/usr/local/include/tomcat8/webapps/manager/META-INF/context.xml #修改访问IP列表
/usr/local/include/tomcat8/conf/context.xml #此处不用修改
修改/usr/local/include/tomcat8/webapps/host-manager/META-INF/context.xml，添加“192.\d+.\d+.\d+”代表可远程访问该服务器的IP地址段，192...*（此处注意正则表达式）
[[email protected] conf]# vim /usr/local/include/tomcat8/webapps/host-manager/META-INF/context.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Context antiResourceLocking="false" privileged="true" >
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.RemoteAddrValve"
allow="127\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+|::1|0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1|192\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+" />
</Context>
修改/usr/local/include/tomcat8/webapps/host-manager/META-INF/context.xml，添加“192.\d+.\d+.\d+”代表可远程访问该服务器的IP地址段，192...*（此处注意正则表达式）
[[email protected] conf]# vim /usr/local/include/tomcat8/webapps/manager/META-INF/context.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Context antiResourceLocking="false" privileged="true" >
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.RemoteAddrValve"
allow="127\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+|::1|0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1|192\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+" />
</Context>
重新启动tomcat服务
[[email protected] conf]# /usr/local/include/tomcat8/bin/catalina.sh stop
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/include/tomcat8
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/include/tomcat8
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/include/tomcat8/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr/local/include/jdk/
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/include/tomcat8/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/include/tomcat8/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
[[email protected] conf]# /usr/local/include/tomcat8/bin/catalina.sh start
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/include/tomcat8
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/include/tomcat8
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/include/tomcat8/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr/local/include/jdk/
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/include/tomcat8/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/include/tomcat8/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.
此时可以就可以正常开启tomcat的Manager App、Host Manager、Server Status等页面
4.在Tomcat上部署Jenkins系统
4.1将下载好的Jenkins的war包放在/data/www/jenkins/文件夹下面
[[email protected] jenkins]# pwd
/data/www/jenkins
[[email protected] jenkins]# ll
total 67064
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 68669812 Apr 11 21:32 jenkins.war
4.2在/usr/local/include/tomcat8/conf/Catalina/localhost/目录下面新建一个名为jenkins.xml的文件。
文件内容如下：
<Context path="jenkins" docBase="/data/www/jenkins/jenkins.war" />
注意：实际上jenkins的war包直接复制到/usr/local/include/tomcat8/webapps/下，就会自动解压，在webapps目录下面自动生成jenkins目录。而且，在发布war包的应用程式时，最好提前停止Tomcat服务。
原文地址：http://blog.51cto.com/hbgslz/2095688