10G ORACLE RAC 搭建实战之Clusterware安装、数据库创建 / 憋错料

一. Clusterware安装

这里以rac1作为主节点

1. 解压clusterware

cpio -idmv < clusterware10gr2_64.cpio

2. 修改权限

[[email protected] 10G R2]#chown -R oracle:oinstall clusterware

[[email protected] 10G R2]#chmod -R 777 clusterware

3.预安装之前检查必要的安装组件(必须先在系统上安装 JDK 1.4.2，然后才可以运行 CVU。)

./runcluvfy.sh stage -pre crsinst -rac1,rac2

预安装检查oracle的完整性

./runcluvfy.sh stage -pre crsinst -n rac1,rac2 -r 10gR2

预安装检查RAC网络环境

./runcluvfy.sh comp nodecon -n rac1,rac2

预安装检查硬件条件的完整性

./runcluvfy.sh stage -post hwos -n rac1,rac2

预安装检查RAC软件环境的必要条件

./runcluvfy.sh comp sys -n rac1,rac2 -p crs -osdba dba -orainv oinstall

3. 以root 用户执行 xhost +

[[email protected]]# xhost +

accesscontrol disabled, clients can connect from any host

4. 切换到oracle 用户，执行runinstall，此时需要打开另一个终端窗口，以root执行rootpre.sh

[[email protected]]$ ./runInstaller

********************************************************************************

Pleaserun the script rootpre.sh as root on all machines/nodes. The script can befound at the toplevel of the CD or stage-area. Once you have run the script,please type Y to proceed

Answer‘y‘ if root has run ‘rootpre.sh‘ so you can proceed with Oracle Clusterwareinstallation.

Answer‘n‘ to abort installation and then ask root to run ‘rootpre.sh‘.

********************************************************************************

Has‘rootpre.sh‘ been run by root? [y/n] (n)

5. 开始安装

7. 通过检查

8. 配置节点，必须与hosts配置一致

这个错误是由于配置ssh等价时，没有本机执行的原因造成的。

[[email protected] ~]$ ssh rac1

The authenticity of host ‘rac1 (133.160.130.18)‘ can‘t beestablished.

RSA key fingerprint is3b:33:d0:8e:e4:c0:70:33:ab:69:00:f0:67:8f:78:e2.

Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes

Warning: Permanently added ‘rac1,133.160.130.18‘ (RSA) to the listof known hosts.

Last login: Mon Mar 30 09:29:50 2015 from rac2

[[email protected] ~]$ ssh rac1

Last login: Mon Mar 30 12:55:38 2015 from rac1

[[email protected] ~]$ ssh rac1 date

Mon Mar 30 12:55:53 CST 2015

9. 继续下一步，指定私有网络和公共网络接口

10. 指定ocr 存放位置

11. 指定vote文件存放位置

12. 确定无误后，点击install

13. 安装的时候会弹出一个对话框要求以root身份运行脚本

建议脚本运行顺序：

rac1/oraapp/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh

rac2/oraapp/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh

rac1/oraapp/oracle/product/10.2.0/crs_1/root.sh

rac2/oraapp/oracle/product/10.2.0/crs_1/root.sh

在运行脚本之前需要修改两个文件，这是一个bug：修改

$CRS_HOME/bin/vipca文件，增加标记为红色的那一行：

esac

unset LD_ASSUME_KERNEL

ARGUMENTS=""

修改

$CRS_HOME/bin/srvctl

文件，增加标记为红色的那一行：

exportLD_ASSUME_KERNEL

unset LD_ASSUME_KERNEL

# Run opscontrol utility

若执行脚本时遇到错误：

[[email protected]]# ./root.sh

WARNING:directory ‘/oraapp/oracle/10g‘ is not owned by root

WARNING:directory ‘/oraapp/oracle‘ is not owned by root

WARNING:directory ‘/oraapp‘ is not owned by root

Checking to seeif Oracle CRS stack is already configured

/etc/oracledoes not exist. Creating it now.

Setting thepermissions on OCR backup directory

Setting upNS directories

Failed to upgrade Oracle ClusterRegistry configuration

经过查找资料发现是由于bug造成，该rac 环境采用 lvm2+裸设备，官方提示需要打上补丁：p4679769_10201_LINUX.zip，将里面的clsfmt.bin文件覆盖/oraapp/oracle/10g/crs/bin/clsfmt.bin文件，修改权限即可。

然后再执行

这是rac1节点内容：

[[email protected]]# ./root.sh

WARNING:directory ‘/oraapp/oracle/10g‘ is not owned by root

WARNING:directory ‘/oraapp/oracle‘ is not owned by root

WARNING:directory ‘/oraapp‘ is not owned by root

Checkingto see if Oracle CRS stack is already configured

Settingthe permissions on OCR backup directory

Settingup NS directories

OracleCluster Registry configuration upgraded successfully

WARNING:directory ‘/oraapp/oracle/10g‘ is not owned by root

WARNING:directory ‘/oraapp/oracle‘ is not owned by root

WARNING:directory ‘/oraapp‘ is not owned by root

Successfullyaccumulated necessary OCR keys.

Usingports: CSS=49895 CRS=49896 EVMC=49898 and EVMR=49897.

node<nodenumber>: <nodename> <private interconnect name><hostname>

node 1:rac1 rac1_priv rac1

node 2:rac2 rac2_priv rac2

CreatingOCR keys for user ‘root‘, privgrp ‘root‘..

Operationsuccessful.

Nowformatting voting device: /dev/raw/raw2

Nowformatting voting device: /dev/raw/raw41

Nowformatting voting device: /dev/raw/raw73

Formatof 3 voting devices complete.

Startupwill be queued to init within 90 seconds.

Addingdaemons to inittab

Expectingthe CRS daemons to be up within 600 seconds.

CSS isactive on these nodes.

rac1

CSS isinactive on these nodes.

rac2

Localnode checking complete.

Runroot.sh on remaining nodes to start CRS daemons.

RAC2上的内容

[[email protected]]# ./root.sh

WARNING:directory ‘/oraapp/oracle/10g‘ is not owned by root

WARNING:directory ‘/oraapp/oracle‘ is not owned by root

WARNING:directory ‘/oraapp‘ is not owned by root

Checkingto see if Oracle CRS stack is already configured

/etc/oracledoes not exist. Creating it now.

Settingthe permissions on OCR backup directory

Settingup NS directories

OracleCluster Registry configuration upgraded successfully

WARNING:directory ‘/oraapp/oracle/10g‘ is not owned by root

WARNING:directory ‘/oraapp/oracle‘ is not owned by root

WARNING:directory ‘/oraapp‘ is not owned by root

clscfg:EXISTING configuration version 3 detected.

clscfg:version 3 is 10G Release 2.

Successfullyaccumulated necessary OCR keys.

Usingports: CSS=49895 CRS=49896 EVMC=49898 and EVMR=49897.

node<nodenumber>: <nodename> <private interconnect name><hostname>

node 1:rac1 rac1_priv rac1

node 2:rac2 rac2_priv rac2

clscfg:Arguments check out successfully.

NO KEYSWERE WRITTEN. Supply -force parameter to override.

-forceis destructive and will destroy any previous cluster

configuration.

OracleCluster Registry for cluster has already been initialized

Startupwill be queued to init within 90 seconds.

Addingdaemons to inittab

Expectingthe CRS daemons to be up within 600 seconds.

CSS isactive on these nodes.

rac1

rac2

CSS isactive on all nodes.

Waitingfor the Oracle CRSD and EVMD to start

OracleCRS stack installed and running under init(1M)

Runningvipca(silent) for configuring nodeapps

Error 0(Native:listNetInterfaces:[3])

[Error 0(Native: listNetInterfaces:[3])]

这里出现了错误，注意红色部分

这个是由于vip没有设置造成的，在图形界面切换至root用户操作

[[email protected]~]# cd /oraapp/oracle/10g/crs/bin/

[[email protected]]# ./vipca

点击exit即可，该错误不必重新执行以上脚本，到此安装结束。

14. 检查是否正常运行

[[email protected]]$ olsnodes

rac1

rac2

[[email protected]]$ crsctl check crs

CSS appearshealthy

CRSappears healthy

EVMappears healthy

[[email protected]]$ crs_stat -t

Name Type Target State Host

------------------------------------------------------------

ora.rac1.gsd application ONLINE ONLINE rac1

ora.rac1.ons application ONLINE ONLINE rac1

ora.rac1.vip application ONLINE ONLINE rac1

ora.rac2.gsd application ONLINE ONLINE rac2

ora.rac2.ons application ONLINE ONLINE rac2

ora.rac2.vip application ONLINE ONLINE rac2

二. ORACLE软件安装

安装oracle，只需在rac1上安装即可，安装过程中会进行拷贝

1. 解压oracle安装包，打开安装目录，执行以下命令：

[[email protected] database]$ ./runInstaller

2. 选择全部节点

3. 只安装oracle相关软件，不创建数据库

正在拷贝到rac2

4. 跳出以下窗口时，需到依次到各个节点登录到root账户，手动执行以下脚本

Rac1执行信息

[[email protected]_1]# ./root.sh

RunningOracle10 root.sh script...

Thefollowing environment variables are set as:

ORACLE_OWNER= oracle

ORACLE_HOME= /oraapp/oracle/10g/db_1

Enterthe full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:

Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...

Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

Creating/etc/oratab file...

Entrieswill be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by

DatabaseConfiguration Assistant when a database is created

Finishedrunning generic part of root.sh script.

Nowproduct-specific root actions will be performed.

Rac2执行信息

[[email protected]_1]# ./root.sh

RunningOracle10 root.sh script...

Thefollowing environment variables are set as:

ORACLE_OWNER= oracle

ORACLE_HOME= /oraapp/oracle/10g/db_1

Enterthe full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:

Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...

Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

Creating/etc/oratab file...

Entrieswill be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by

DatabaseConfiguration Assistant when a database is created

Finishedrunning generic part of root.sh script.

Nowproduct-specific root actions will be performed.

5. 安装完毕

三. 安装10.2.0.5补丁包

说明：先升级CRS，再升级数据软件（已创建数据库的需要升级数据库）

以下为升级CRS步骤：

1. 上传补丁，并修改所属权限为oracle
2. 登陆节点1，以root执行xhost +，使在进行安装时，能够打开图形界面；之后以oracle用户停掉crs相关进程

3. 确保crs进程全部关闭

4. 解压补丁包，准备安装

6. 确保升级检查无误，进行下一步

7. 安装结束

8. 分别登陆两个节点以root用户执行以下命令

9. 分别在节点1和节点2上执行以下命令

[[email protected] ~]#/oraapp/oracle/10g/crs/install/root102.sh

至此升级CRS完成

以下为升级数据软件步骤：

1. 登陆节点1，关闭CRS相关进程，并检查关闭完成
2. 切换至补丁目录，运行runinstall

4. 此时需要分别登陆两个节点以root用户执行下面的文件，建议先rac1后rac2

注意：在两个节点上执行覆盖文件之前，建议把/usr/local/bin做一下备份，命令如下：

[[email protected] ~]# cd /usr/local/

[[email protected] ~]# cp –rf bin bin.old

[[email protected] ~]# cd /usr/local/

[[email protected] ~]# cp –rf bin bin.old

在执行过程需要输入必要信息：

、输入本地bin目录，选择默认，直接回车即可。
、提示要覆盖三个文件：先将两个节点上的三个文件都进行备份，然后输入Y直接覆盖。两个节点都执行完毕后，点击“确定”
安装完毕，退出安装界面
启动CRS：以oracle身份登陆节点1执行 crs_start –all

升级完成

四. ORACLE监听配置

注：只安装数据库软件后，要创建数据库，必须先配置监听器；配置依旧在图形界面进行配置

1. 以oracle用户执行以下命令，调出配置程序

[[email protected]]$ netca

OracleNet Services Configuration:

2. 选择所有节点

3. 命名listener

4. 配置监听协议，根据业务需要，一般选择tcp即可。

5. 配置监听端口

之后选择finish，配置结束。

6. 检查是否配置正确

[[email protected]]$ crs_stat -t

Name Type Target State Host

------------------------------------------------------------

ora....C1.lsnrapplication ONLINE ONLINE rac1

ora.rac1.gsd application ONLINE ONLINE rac1

ora.rac1.ons application ONLINE ONLINE rac1

ora.rac1.vip application ONLINE ONLINE rac1

ora....C2.lsnrapplication ONLINE ONLINE rac2

ora.rac2.gsd application ONLINE ONLINE rac2

ora.rac2.ons application ONLINE ONLINE rac2

ora.rac2.vip application ONLINE ONLINE rac2

五.创建Database

说明：

1. 创建数据库前，务必检查系统环境变量、内核参数配置，否则会产生不必要的错误；确认开启crc，且运行正常。
2. 这里采用dbca方式，创建之前确认oracle用户可以访问图形界面（以root用户运行xhost + 即可）。
1. 登陆oracle用户，执行以下命令

[[email protected]]$ dbca

2. 选择所有节点都创建

3.选择自定义创建

4. 根据需要安装em

5.指定建库控制文件

注：这里采用裸设备映射方式，映射方法

建立链接文件，放在以下目录（目录存放位置根据需要调整，是否两个节点上都创建不是很确定，我这里都进行了创建）

建立映射文件
注意： redo，undo请按以下方式命名，以便能够被DBCA识别出来，若识别出现问题，需要手动进行修改。

选择映射文件路径

6.若user表空间没有配置会出现一下窗口，users表空间为10G新功能，在新建用户时如不指定表空间则默认表空间为users表空间，避免占用system表空间。

7. 参数配置

调整内存

SGA、PGA的分配原则
OLTP：SGA=系统内存*0.56，PGA=SGA*(0.1~0.2)
OLAP：SGA=系统内存*0.48，PGA=SGA*(0.45~0.65)

设置字符集

参照：select userenv(‘language’) from dual;

select*fromnls_database_parameters;

设置块大小，一般16K即可，

连接接方式选择默认的独占模式

8.调整空间大小，并确认配置无误后进行下一步

注：联机日志文件的规划原则如下：

1)分散放开，多路复用。一般会将同一组的不同日志成员文件放到不同的磁盘或不同的裸设备上。以提高安全性。

2)把重做日志放在速度最快的硬盘上(即：日志所在的磁盘应当具有较高的I/O)，一般会将日志文件放在裸设备上。

3)把重做日志文件设为合理大小：例如，增大日志文件大小可以加快一些大型的INSERT、UPDATE、DELETE操作，也能降低日志文件切换频率。减少一些日志等待事件。一般根据具体业务情况有所不同。一般日志组大小应满足自动切换间隔至少15-20分钟左右业务需求

4)ORACLE推荐,同一个重做日值组下的所有重做日志文件大小、成员个数一致

9.开始创建，正式创建之前会弹出配置页面，确认无误后开始创建

创建数据库出现错误说明：

建议查看dump日志以查找具体原因

1)空间不足：ORA-27094

查看alert日志

[[email protected]]# cd /oraapp/oracle/10g/admin/xgxrac/bdump

[[email protected]]# ll

total 28

-rw-r-----1 oracle oinstall 8357 Apr 1 09:09alert_xgxrac1.log

-rw-r-----1 oracle oinstall 888 Apr 1 09:09 xgxrac1_diag_8415.trc

-rw-r-----1 oracle oinstall 740 Apr 1 09:09 xgxrac1_lgwr_8432.trc

-rw-r-----1 oracle oinstall 672 Apr 1 09:09 xgxrac1_lmd0_8421.trc

-rw-r-----1 oracle oinstall 4062 Apr 1 09:09xgxrac1_lmon_8419.trc

[[email protected]]# cat alert_xgxrac1.log

这是由于预分配大小超过RAW设备空间导致的，可以调整raw大小或者调整预分配大小来避免此类错误。

2)CRS-0215

此类问题是由于节点访问存在问题导致的，需要检查环境变量等相关配置是否正确

10.若出现以上界面没有出现错误，点击exit后会启动数据库，届时创建数据库结束.

11. 检查测试

[[email protected] ~]$ crs_stat -t

Name Type Target State Host

------------------------------------------------------------

ora....C1.lsnr application ONLINE ONLINE rac1

ora.rac1.gsd application ONLINE ONLINE rac1

ora.rac1.ons application ONLINE ONLINE rac1

ora.rac1.vip application ONLINE ONLINE rac1

ora....C2.lsnr application ONLINE ONLINE rac2

ora.rac2.gsd application ONLINE ONLINE rac2

ora.rac2.ons application ONLINE ONLINE rac2

ora.rac2.vip application ONLINE ONLINE rac2

ora.xgxrac.db application ONLINE ONLINE rac2

ora....c1.inst application ONLINE ONLINE rac1

ora....c2.inst application ONLINE ONLINE rac2

[[email protected] ~]$ srvctl status nodeapps -nrac1

VIP is running on node: rac1

GSD is running on node: rac1

Listener is running on node: rac1

ONS daemon is running on node: rac1

[[email protected] ~]$ srvctl status nodeapps -nrac2

VIP is running on node: rac2

GSD is running on node: rac2

Listener is running on node: rac2

ONS daemon is running on node: rac2

关闭节点rac2，在rac1上查看crs状态

[[email protected] ~]$ crs_stat

NAME=ora.rac1.LISTENER_RAC1.lsnr

TYPE=application

TARGET=ONLINE

STATE=ONLINE on rac1

NAME=ora.rac1.gsd

TYPE=application

TARGET=ONLINE

STATE=ONLINE on rac1

NAME=ora.rac1.ons

TYPE=application

TARGET=ONLINE

STATE=ONLINE on rac1

NAME=ora.rac1.vip

TYPE=application

TARGET=ONLINE

STATE=ONLINE on rac1

NAME=ora.rac2.LISTENER_RAC2.lsnr

TYPE=application

TARGET=ONLINE

STATE=OFFLINE

NAME=ora.rac2.gsd

TYPE=application

TARGET=ONLINE

STATE=OFFLINE

NAME=ora.rac2.ons

TYPE=application

TARGET=ONLINE

STATE=OFFLINE

NAME=ora.rac2.vip

TYPE=application

TARGET=ONLINE

STATE=ONLINE on rac1

NAME=ora.xgxrac.db

TYPE=application

TARGET=ONLINE

STATE=ONLINE on rac1

NAME=ora.xgxrac.xgxrac1.inst

TYPE=application

TARGET=ONLINE

STATE=ONLINE on rac1

NAME=ora.xgxrac.xgxrac2.inst

TYPE=application

TARGET=ONLINE

STATE=OFFLINE

开启rac2，等待一段时间后，重新查看crs状态（期间不用做任何操作，若crs状态正常，则配置正确）

[[email protected] ~]$ crs_stat -t

Name Type Target State Host

------------------------------------------------------------

ora....C1.lsnr application ONLINE ONLINE rac1

ora.rac1.gsd application ONLINE ONLINE rac1

ora.rac1.ons application ONLINE ONLINE rac1

ora.rac1.vip application ONLINE ONLINE rac1

ora....C2.lsnr application ONLINE ONLINE rac2

ora.rac2.gsd application ONLINE ONLINE rac2

ora.rac2.ons application ONLINE ONLINE rac2

ora.rac2.vip application ONLINE ONLINE rac2

ora.xgxrac.db application ONLINE ONLINE rac1

ora....c1.inst application ONLINE ONLINE rac1

ora....c2.inst application ONLINE ONLINE rac2

时间： 2024-10-23 19:11:07

10G ORACLE RAC 搭建实战之Clusterware安装、数据库创建

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