MySql级联删除和更新

文章来源：http://blog.csdn.net/doupei2006/article/details/7949077

（一）利用外键实现级联删除

1、先建立测试数据库

CREATE TABLE `roottb` (
  `id` INT(11) UNSIGNED AUTO_INCREMENT NOT NULL,
  `data` VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘‘,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) TYPE=InnoDB;

CREATE TABLE `subtb` (
  `id` INT(11) UNSIGNED AUTO_INCREMENT NOT NULL,
  `rootid` INT(11) UNSIGNED NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘0‘,
  `data` VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘‘,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  INDEX (`rootid`),
  FOREIGN KEY (`rootid`) REFERENCES roottb(`id`) ON DELETE CASCADE
) TYPE=InnoDB;

注意：数据表必须使用InnoDB引擎。

外键必须建立索引

外键绑定关系使用了“ on delete cascade ”

2、插入测试数据

INSERT INTO `roottb` (`id`,`data`)
  VALUES (‘1‘, ‘test root line 1‘),
         (‘2‘, ‘test root line 2‘),
         (‘3‘, ‘test root line 3‘);

INSERT INTO `subtb` (`id`,`rootid`,`data`)
  VALUES (‘1‘, ‘1‘, ‘test sub line 1 for root 1‘),
         (‘2‘, ‘1‘, ‘test sub line 2 for root 1‘),
         (‘3‘, ‘1‘, ‘test sub line 3 for root 1‘),
         (‘4‘, ‘2‘, ‘test sub line 1 for root 2‘),
         (‘5‘, ‘2‘, ‘test sub line 2 for root 2‘),
         (‘6‘, ‘2‘, ‘test sub line 3 for root 2‘),
         (‘7‘, ‘3‘, ‘test sub line 1 for root 3‘),
         (‘8‘, ‘3‘, ‘test sub line 2 for root 3‘),
         (‘9‘, ‘3‘, ‘test sub line 3 for root 3‘);

3、查看数据表的状态

4、试验级联删除功能

只删除roottb表中id为2的数据记录，看看subtb表中rootid为2的相关子纪录是否会自动删除！

mysql>; delete from `roottb` where `id`=‘2‘;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)

mysql>; select * from `roottb`;
+----+------------------+
| id | data             |
+----+------------------+
|  1 | test root line 1 |
|  3 | test root line 3 |
+----+------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>; select * from `subtb`;
+----+--------+----------------------------+
| id | rootid | data                       |
+----+--------+----------------------------+
|  1 |      1 | test sub line 1 for root 1 |
|  2 |      1 | test sub line 2 for root 1 |
|  3 |      1 | test sub line 3 for root 1 |
|  7 |      3 | test sub line 1 for root 3 |
|  8 |      3 | test sub line 2 for root 3 |
|  9 |      3 | test sub line 3 for root 3 |
+----+--------+----------------------------+
6 rows in set (0.01 sec)

（二）利用触发器实现级联删除

下面给出实例

1、建立测试数据库

CREATE TABLE `root_trigger` (
  `id` INT(11) UNSIGNED AUTO_INCREMENT NOT NULL,
  `data` VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘‘,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
);

CREATE TABLE `sub_trigger` (
  `id` INT(11) UNSIGNED AUTO_INCREMENT NOT NULL,
  `rootid` INT(11) UNSIGNED NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘0‘,
  `data` VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘‘,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
);

2、插入测试数据

INSERT INTO `root_trigger` (`id`,`data`)
  VALUES (‘1‘, ‘test root line 1‘),
         (‘2‘, ‘test root line 2‘),
         (‘3‘, ‘test root line 3‘);

INSERT INTO `sub_trigger` (`id`,`rootid`,`data`)
  VALUES (‘1‘, ‘1‘, ‘test sub line 1 for root 1‘),
         (‘2‘, ‘1‘, ‘test sub line 2 for root 1‘),
         (‘3‘, ‘1‘, ‘test sub line 3 for root 1‘),
         (‘4‘, ‘2‘, ‘test sub line 1 for root 2‘),
         (‘5‘, ‘2‘, ‘test sub line 2 for root 2‘),
         (‘6‘, ‘2‘, ‘test sub line 3 for root 2‘),
         (‘7‘, ‘3‘, ‘test sub line 1 for root 3‘),
         (‘8‘, ‘3‘, ‘test sub line 2 for root 3‘),
         (‘9‘, ‘3‘, ‘test sub line 3 for root 3‘);

3、建立（级联/同步）删除的触发器

drop trigger if exists t_afterdelete_on_sub;
create trigger t_afterdelete_on_sub
after delete on root_trigger
for each row
begin
      delete from sub_trigger where rootid=old.id;
end;