本文将介绍如何在Linux上部署Django + Mysql + Apache环境。我们知道,Django内置的http服务器只能工作在单线程下,做开发和调试时候是可以的,但是生产环境通常都会有多用户并发,而且django的simple HTTP server处理大量静态文件的性能太差,所以要用apache做前端。Django自带的SQLite数据库权限只依赖于文件系统,没有用户帐户的概念,这里我们使用典型的关系型数据库Mysql。看似简单的环境搭建,在实际操作过程中还是遇到了不少的大坑,所以特地将过程记录下来,也希望对大家有小小的帮助。
CentOS 7.5 + python 2.7.5 + Django 1.11.14 + Apache 2.4.6 + Mysql 5.7.23
1. 安装Django
Linux上我们可以直接使用pip安装Django
1.1 安装python(使用CentOS 7.5自带的python即可)
[[email protected] ~]# python --version Python 2.7.5
1.2 网上下载get-pip.py文件安装pip:
wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py
1.3 pip安装django
[[email protected] ~]# pip install django [[email protected] ~]# python Python 2.7.5 (default, Jul 13 2018, 13:06:57) [GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-28)] on linux2 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> import django >>> django.get_version() ‘1.11.14‘
2. 安装Apache
Linux上使用yum安装Apache即可
[[email protected] ~]# yum install httpd [[email protected] ~]# httpd -V [Thu Aug 16 20:57:04.487586 2018] [so:warn] [pid 1605] AH01574: module wsgi_module is already loaded, skipping Server version: Apache/2.4.6 (CentOS) Server built: Jun 27 2018 13:48:59 Server‘s Module Magic Number: 20120211:24 Server loaded: APR 1.4.8, APR-UTIL 1.5.2 Compiled using: APR 1.4.8, APR-UTIL 1.5.2 Architecture: 64-bit Server MPM: prefork threaded: no forked: yes (variable process count)
注意:使用yum安装的httpd,其安装目录位于/etc/httpd/,我们只需要配置/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf即可
3. 安装Mysql
我们使用yum安装Mysql,需要先更新yum源
[[email protected] ~]# wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm [[email protected] ~]# rpm -ivh mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm [[email protected] ~]# yum install mysql-community-server
注意:yum安装的Mysql其文件目录如下
- 配置文件:/etc/my.cnf
- 日志文件:/var/log/var/log/mysqld.log
- 服务启动脚本:/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service
- socket文件:/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
4. 配置(重点)
以上三步都非常容易,但是将这三个环境配置好,还是费了我不少的时间...
4.1 配置Mysql
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl start mysqld # 开启Mysql服务后,会为root设置一个默认密码,我们首先重置密码 # 获得默认密码 [[email protected] ~]# cat /var/log/mysqld.log | grep -i password [[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 8 Server version: 5.7.23 MySQL Community Server (GPL) mysql>ALTER USER ‘root‘@‘localhost‘ IDENTIFIED BY ‘Sam_tech_0912‘; # 重置密码后,我们创建一个数据库,因为后续django连接Mysql时需要输入数据库名称 mysql> create database Platform default charset=utf8; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> quit Bye
4.2 django中配置Mysql
django中关于Mysql的配置:
DATABASES = { ‘default‘: { # ‘ENGINE‘: ‘django.db.backends.sqlite3‘, # ‘NAME‘: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ‘db.sqlite3‘), ‘ENGINE‘: ‘django.db.backends.mysql‘, ‘NAME‘: ‘Platform‘, ‘HOST‘: ‘127.0.0.1‘, ‘PORT‘: ‘3306‘, ‘USER‘: ‘root‘, ‘PASSWORD‘: ‘Sam_tech_0912‘, } }
django中其他的部分的配置:
DEBUG = True ALLOWED_HOSTS = ["*",] TEMPLATES = [ { ‘BACKEND‘: ‘django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates‘, ‘DIRS‘: [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "templates"),], ‘APP_DIRS‘: True, ‘OPTIONS‘: { ‘context_processors‘: [ ‘django.template.context_processors.debug‘, ‘django.template.context_processors.request‘, ‘django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth‘, ‘django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages‘, ], }, }, ] LANGUAGE_CODE = ‘zh-hans‘ TIME_ZONE = ‘Asia/Shanghai‘ USE_I18N = True USE_L10N = True USE_TZ = True STATIC_URL = ‘/static/‘ STATICFILES_DIRS = [ os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static"), ] MEDIA_URL = "/media/" MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "media")
4.3 配置Apache
重点:安装mod_wsgi
[[email protected] ~]# yum install mod_wsgi [[email protected] ~]# rpm -qa | grep wsgi mod_wsgi-3.4-12.el7_0.x86_64
编辑配置文件 /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
ServerRoot "/etc/httpd" # 设定Apache监听的端口号,可以设定多个 Listen 80 # 重点:这句是加载刚刚安装的wsgi模块,有了它django才能部署到Apache上,切记!!! LoadModule wsgi_module modules/mod_wsgi.so Include conf.modules.d/*.conf User apache Group apache ServerAdmin [email protected] ServerName localhost:80 <Directory /> AllowOverride none Require all denied </Directory> DocumentRoot "/var/www/html" <Directory "/var/www"> AllowOverride None Require all granted </Directory> <Directory "/var/www/html"> Options Indexes FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None Require all granted </Directory> <IfModule dir_module> DirectoryIndex index.html </IfModule> <Files ".ht*"> Require all denied </Files> ErrorLog "logs/error_log" LogLevel warn <IfModule log_config_module> LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common <IfModule logio_module> LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\" %I %O" combinedio </IfModule> CustomLog "logs/access_log" combined </IfModule> <IfModule alias_module> ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/var/www/cgi-bin/" </IfModule> <Directory "/var/www/cgi-bin"> AllowOverride None Options None Require all granted </Directory> <IfModule mime_module> TypesConfig /etc/mime.types AddType application/x-compress .Z AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz AddType text/html .shtml AddOutputFilter INCLUDES .shtml </IfModule> AddDefaultCharset UTF-8 <IfModule mime_magic_module> MIMEMagicFile conf/magic </IfModule> EnableSendfile on IncludeOptional conf.d/*.conf # 我们在/etc/httpd/conf/下新建httpd-vhosts.conf虚拟主机配置文件,完成对80端口的配置 # 这句是告诉Apache去调用httpd-vhosts.conf # 虚拟主机中的配置参数将覆盖httpd.conf主配置文件中的设定 Include conf/httpd-vhosts.conf
虚拟主机配置文件(关键一步)
<VirtualHost *:80> ServerAdmin [email protected] DocumentRoot "/home/python_projects/Platform" ServerName samlinux01-platform.com ServerAlias sam-platform.com ErrorLog "logs/platform_error.log" CustomLog "logs/platform_access.log" common WSGIScriptAlias / "/home/python_projects/Platform/Platform/wsgi.py" # 一定要定义python-path到项目目录,否则会报出相关模块无法找到的错误,切记!!! WSGIDaemonProcess samlinux01-platform.com python-path=/home/python_projects/Platform WSGIProcessGroup samlinux01-platform.com WSGIScriptReloading On # 设定Apache访问django的项目目录 Alias /static /home/python_projects/Platform/static Alias /media /home/python_projects/Platform/media <Directory /home/python_projects/Platform/media> AllowOverride None Options Indexes FollowSymLinks Require all granted </Directory> <Directory /home/python_projects/Platform/static> AllowOverride None Options Indexes FollowSymLinks Require all granted </Directory> <Directory /home/python_projects/Platform/Platform> <Files wsgi.py> AllowOverride None Require all granted </Files> </Directory> </VirtualHost>
注意:每次编辑完成后都需要重启httpd服务使配置生效
[[email protected] ~]# httpd -t [Thu Aug 16 20:35:06.439115 2018] [so:warn] [pid 1520] AH01574: module wsgi_module is already loaded, skipping Syntax OK [[email protected] ~]# systemctl restart httpd.service
编辑django中的 wsgi.py文件
""" WSGI config for Platform project. It exposes the WSGI callable as a module-level variable named ``application``. For more information on this file, see https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/howto/deployment/wsgi/ """ import os from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "Platform.settings") application = get_wsgi_application() # 添加项目路径到python的环境变量中 # For Apache server import sys project_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))) sys.path.insert(0, project_dir)
至此,大功告成,我们直接可以通过80端口访问我们的项目,虽然上面的步骤简单,但是网上查的资料并没有特别详细完整的,中间还是走了不少的弯路,所以特意将配置步骤记录下来,方便后续再次配置!
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/samtech/p/9489909.html
时间: 2024-10-08 15:50:45