iOS开发学习之触摸事件和手势识别
iOS的输入事件
- 触摸事件
- 手势识别
- 手机摇晃
一、iOS的输入事件
触摸事件（滑动、点击）
运动事件（摇一摇、手机倾斜、行走），不需要人为参与的
远程控制事件（耳机控制手机声音）
1??iOS事件对象都是UIEvent类的实例
UIEvent类对事件类型定义了enum常量：
- typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, UIEventType){
- UIEventTypeTouches,
- UIEventTypeMotion,
- UIEventRemoteControl,
- };
触摸事件必须是继承UIResponser的
二、触摸事件
1??UIView，有4种处理不同的触摸事件
UIView是UIResponder的子类，可以覆盖下列4个方法处理不同的触摸事件。
1. 一根或者多根手指开始触摸屏幕
- (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
2.一根或者多根手指在屏幕上移动（随着手指的移动,会持续调用该方法）
- (void)touchesMoved:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
3.一根或者多根手指离开屏幕
- (void)touchesEnded:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
4.触摸结束前，某个系统事件(例如电话呼入)会打断触摸过程
- (void)touchesCancelled:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
#pragma mark - UITouch事件
#pragma mark 触摸开始
1 - (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
2 {
3 NSLog(@"触摸开始");
4 for (UITouch *touch in touches) {
5 NSLog(@"%@", touch);
6 }
7 }
#pragma mark 触摸移动
1 - (void)touchesMoved:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
2 {
3 NSLog(@"触摸移动Touch对象个数：%d",[touches count]);
4 // 要移动界面上黄颜色的视图
5
6 // 1. 得到当前手指的位置
7 UITouch *touch = [touches anyObject];
8 CGPoint location = [touch locationInView:self.view];
9 // 2. 得到上一次手指的位置
10 CGPoint preLocation = [touch previousLocationInView:self.view];
11 // 3. 计算两个位置之间的偏移
12 CGPoint offset = CGPointMake(location.x - preLocation.x, location.y - preLocation.y);
13 // 4. 使用计算出来的偏移量，调整视图的位置
14 [_demoView setCenter:CGPointMake(_demoView.center.x + offset.x, _demoView.center.y + offset.y)];
15
16 // 完整的UITouch事件调试方法
17 NSLog(@"触摸移动");
18 for (UITouch *touch in touches) {
19 NSLog(@"%@", touch);
20 }
21 }
22
23 #pragma mark 触摸结束
24 - (void)touchesEnded:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
25 {
26 // 完整的UITouch事件调试方法
27 NSLog(@"触摸完成");
28 for (UITouch *touch in touches) {
29 NSLog(@"%@", touch);
30 }
31 }
32
33 #pragma mark 触摸中断
34 - (void)touchesCancelled:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
35 {
36 // 完整的UITouch事件调试方法
37 NSLog(@"触摸中断");
38 for (UITouch *touch in touches) {
39 NSLog(@"%@", touch);
40 }
41 }
Swift
1 override func touchesBegan(touches: Set<NSObject>, withEvent event: UIEvent) {
2 println("touchesBegan")
3
4 //获取touches数量
5 let numTouches = touches.count
6
7 //获取点击屏幕的次数
8 let tapTouches = (touches as NSSet).anyObject()?.tapCount
9
10 //获取事件发生时间
11 let timestamp = event.timestamp
12
13 //获取当前相对于self.view的坐标
14 let locationPoint = (touches as NSSet).anyObject()?.locationInView(self.view)
15
16 //获取上一次相对于self.view的坐标
17 let previousPoint = (touches as NSSet).anyObject()?.previousLocationInView(self.view)
18
19 //允许使用手势
20 self.view.userInteractionEnabled = true
21
22 //支持多点触摸
23 self.view.multipleTouchEnabled = true
24
25 println("\(tapTouches)")
26
27
28 //判断如果有两个触摸点
29 if touches.count == 2
30 {
31 //获取触摸集合
32 let twoTouches = (touches as NSSet).allObjects
33
34 //获取触摸数组
35 let first:UITouch = twoTouches[0] as! UITouch //第1个触摸点
36 let second:UITouch = twoTouches[1]as! UITouch //第2个触摸点
37
38 //获取第1个点相对于self.view的坐标
39 let firstPoint:CGPoint = first.locationInView(self.view)
40
41 //获取第1个点相对于self.view的坐标
42 let secondPoint:CGPoint = second.locationInView(self.view)
43
44 //计算两点之间的距离
45 let deltaX = secondPoint.x - firstPoint.x;
46 let deltaY = secondPoint.y - firstPoint.y;
47 let initialDistance = sqrt(deltaX*deltaX + deltaY*deltaY )
48
49 println("两点间距离是：\(initialDistance)")
50 }
51 }
52
53 //手指在移动
54 // override func touchesMoved(touches: NSSet, withEvent event: UIEvent) {
55
56 //2015年5月2后修改
57 override func touchesMoved(touches: Set<NSObject>, withEvent event: UIEvent) {
58
59 println("touchesMoved")
60 }
61
62 //触摸结束
63 // override func touchesEnded(touches: NSSet, withEvent event: UIEvent) {
64
65 //2015年5月2后修改
66 override func touchesEnded(touches: Set<NSObject>, withEvent event: UIEvent) {
67
68 println("touchesEnded")
69 }
70
71 //触摸意外终止
72 //模拟器演示：鼠标拖动的同时，按键盘command+shift+h 相当于点击手机home键，退出应用，触发touchesCancelled事件，在打电话、等情况下也会触发
73 // override func touchesCancelled(touches: NSSet!, withEvent event: UIEvent!) {
74
75 //2015年5月2后修改
76 override func touchesCancelled(touches: Set<NSObject>!, withEvent event: UIEvent!) {
77
78 println("touchesCancelled")
79 }
80
2??触摸事件的处理
如果hit-test视图无法处理事件，则通过响应者链向上传递
1.如果hit-test视图的控制器存在，就传递给控制器；如果控制器不存在，则将其传递给它的父视图
2.如果视图或它的控制器无法处理收到的事件或消息，则将其传递给该视图的父视图
3.每一个在视图继承树中的上层视图如果不能处理收到的事件或消息，则重复上面的步骤1，2
4.在视图继承树的最上层视图，如果也不能处理收到的事件或消息，则其将事件或消息传递给窗口对象进行处理
5. 如果窗口对象也不能进行处理，则其将事件或消息传递给UIApplication对象
6.如果UIApplication也不能处理该事件或消息，则将其丢弃
当用户点击屏幕时，会产生一个UITouch对象传递给UIApplication，然后由window负责查找最适合相应触摸事件的视图对象（hitTest，pointInside）
找到合适的视图之后，Touch方法由对应的视图完成，上级视图不再接管
3??不接受处理事件的三种方法
不接收用户交互：userInteractionEnabled = NO;
隐藏：hidden = YES;
透明：alpha = 0~0.01
三、手势识别
1??iOS目前支持的手势识别（6种）
UITapGestureRecognizer(点按)
UIPinchGestureRecognizer(捏合)
UIPanGestureRecognizer(拖动)
UISwipeGestureRecognizer(轻扫)
UIRotationGestureRecognizer(旋转)
UILongPressGestureRecognizer(长按)
2??手势识别的使用方法（4步）
通常在视图加载的时候定义（UIGestureRecognizer是抽象类，需要实例化使用）
创建手势识别实例
设置手势识别属性，例如手指数量，方向等
将手势识别附加到指定的视图之上
编写手势触发响应方法
3??手势识别的状态（7个）
1. // 没有触摸事件发生，所有手势识别的默认状态
UIGestureRecognizerStatePossible,
// 一个手势已经开始但尚未改变或者完成时
UIGestureRecognizerStateBegan,
// 手势状态改变
UIGestureRecognizerStateChanged,
// 手势完成
UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded,
// 手势取消，恢复至Possible状态
UIGestureRecognizerStateCancelled,
// 手势失败，恢复至Possible状态
UIGestureRecognizerStateFailed,
// 识别到手势识别
UIGestureRecognizerStateRecognized =UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded
2.手势识别的属性
- state——手势状态view——手势发生视图
常用方法
locationInView 获得手势发生对应视图所在位置
1 - (void)viewDidLoad
2 {
3 [super viewDidLoad];
4
5 // 根据实例化方法，我们知道：
6 // 1.有一个处理消息的对象，应该是self
7 // 2.我们需要定义一个方法，当手势识别检测到的时候，运行
8 UITapGestureRecognizer *tap = [[UITapGestureRecognizer alloc]initWithTarget:self action:@selector(tapAction:)];
9 // setNumberOfTapsRequired 点按次数
10 [tap setNumberOfTapsRequired:1];
11 // setNumberOfTouchesRequired 点按的手指数量
12 [tap setNumberOfTouchesRequired:1];
13 // 把手势识别增加到视图上
14 [self.demoView addGestureRecognizer:tap];
15
16
17 UIPinchGestureRecognizer *pinch = [[UIPinchGestureRecognizer alloc]initWithTarget:self action:@selector(pinchAction:)];
18 [self.demoView addGestureRecognizer:pinch];
19
20
21 UIRotationGestureRecognizer *rotation = [[UIRotationGestureRecognizer alloc]initWithTarget:self action:@selector(rotationAction:)];
22 [self.demoView addGestureRecognizer:rotation];
23
24
25 UIPanGestureRecognizer *pan = [[UIPanGestureRecognizer alloc]initWithTarget:self action:@selector(panAction:)];
26 [self.demoView addGestureRecognizer:pan];
27
28
29 UILongPressGestureRecognizer *longPress = [[UILongPressGestureRecognizer alloc]initWithTarget:self action:@selector(longPressAction:)];
30 [self.demoView addGestureRecognizer:longPress];
31
32
33 // 向左扫
34 UISwipeGestureRecognizer *swipeLeft = [[UISwipeGestureRecognizer alloc]initWithTarget:self action:@selector(swipeAction:)];
35 [swipeLeft setDirection:UISwipeGestureRecognizerDirectionLeft];
36 [self.view addGestureRecognizer:swipeLeft];
37 // 向右扫
38 UISwipeGestureRecognizer *swipeRight = [[UISwipeGestureRecognizer alloc]initWithTarget:self action:@selector(swipeAction:)];
39 [swipeRight setDirection:UISwipeGestureRecognizerDirectionRight];
40 [self.view addGestureRecognizer:swipeRight];
41 // 向上扫
42 UISwipeGestureRecognizer *swipeTop = [[UISwipeGestureRecognizer alloc]initWithTarget:self action:@selector(swipeAction:)];
43 [swipeTop setDirection:UISwipeGestureRecognizerDirectionUp];
44 [self.view addGestureRecognizer:swipeTop];
45 // 向下扫
46 UISwipeGestureRecognizer *swipeDown = [[UISwipeGestureRecognizer alloc]initWithTarget:self action:@selector(swipeAction:)];
47 [swipeDown setDirection:UISwipeGestureRecognizerDirectionDown];
48 [self.view addGestureRecognizer:swipeDown];
49 }
50
51 - (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning
52 {
53 [super didReceiveMemoryWarning];
54 // Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.
55 }
#pragma mark - 轻扫手势
1 - (void)swipeAction:(UISwipeGestureRecognizer *)sender
2 {
3 NSLog(@"%d", sender.direction);
4 switch (sender.direction) {
5 case UISwipeGestureRecognizerDirectionLeft:
6 NSLog(@"向左扫");
7 break;
8 case UISwipeGestureRecognizerDirectionRight:
9 NSLog(@"向右扫");
10 break;
11 case UISwipeGestureRecognizerDirectionUp:
12 NSLog(@"向上扫");
13 break;
14 case UISwipeGestureRecognizerDirectionDown:
15 NSLog(@"向下扫");
16 break;
17 default:
18 break;
19 }
20 }
#pragma mark - 长按手势
1 - (void)longPressAction:(UILongPressGestureRecognizer *)sender
2 {
3 // 我们可以利用demoView的Tag属性，默认时tag=0
4 // 如果tag=0，我们放大一倍，否则，我们缩小一半
5 CGFloat scale;
6 if (_demoView.tag == 0) {
7 scale = 2.0;
8 _demoView.tag = 1;
9 } else {
10 scale = 0.5;
11 _demoView.tag = 0;
12 }
13
14 sender.view.transform = CGAffineTransformScale(sender.view.transform, scale, scale);
15 }
16
#pragma mark - 拖放手势
1 - (void)panAction:(UIPanGestureRecognizer *)sender
2 {
3 // 在拖放手势中是需要考虑手指的状态的UIGestureRecognizerState
4 // 在拖放手势中使用的状态是UIGestureRecognizerStateChanged
5 // 通常在使用拖放手势的时候，当手指离开的时候，应该做一个很小的动作，提醒用户拖放完成
6 if (sender.state == UIGestureRecognizerStateChanged) {
7 // locationInView
8 [_demoView setCenter:[sender locationInView:self.view]];
9 } else if (sender.state == UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded) {
10 [_demoView setBackgroundColor:[UIColor yellowColor]];
11 }
12 }
#pragma mark - 旋转手势
1 - (void)rotationAction:(UIRotationGestureRecognizer *)sender
2 {
3 sender.view.transform = CGAffineTransformRotate(sender.view.transform, sender.rotation);
4
5 // 和捏合操作类似，旋转角度同样需要方福伟
6 sender.rotation = 0.0f;
7 }
8
9 #pragma mark - 捏合手势
10 - (void)pinchAction:(UIPinchGestureRecognizer *)sender
11 {
12 // 有关转换的内容，我们在后续动画部分再继续
13 sender.view.transform = CGAffineTransformScale(sender.view.transform, sender.scale, sender.scale);
14
15 // 缩放功能很简单，但是不要忘记将比例复位
16 sender.scale = 1.0f;
17 NSLog(@"捏我了");
18 }
19
20 #pragma mark - 点按手势
21 - (void)tapAction:(UITapGestureRecognizer *)sender
22 {
23
24 NSLog(@"点我了 %@", sender);
25 }
26
27 #pragma mark - 手势触摸事件
28 - (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
29 {
30 NSLog(@"触摸事件！");
31 // 1. 先取出UITouch对象
32 // 2. 判断响应点击的UIView是不是我们需要的
33 UITouch *touch = [touches anyObject];
34 if ([touch view] == _imageView) {
35 NSLog(@"点到图像了!");
36 }
37 }
Swift：
添加手势
1 //点击事件 2 var atap = UITapGestureRecognizer(target: self, action: "tapDo:") 3 self.view.addGestureRecognizer(atap) 4 atap.numberOfTapsRequired = 1 //单击次数 5 atap.numberOfTouchesRequired = 1 //手指个数 6 7 //拖动事件 8 var aPan = UIPanGestureRecognizer(target: self, action: "handlenPan:") 9 self.view.addGestureRecognizer(aPan) 10 aPan.minimumNumberOfTouches = 1 //最少手指个数 11 aPan.maximumNumberOfTouches = 3 //最多手指个数 12 13 //长按事件 14 var aLongPress = UILongPressGestureRecognizer(target: self, action: "longPress:") 15 self.view.addGestureRecognizer(aLongPress) 16 aLongPress.minimumPressDuration = 1 //需要长按的时间，最小0.5s 17 18 //捏合事件 19 var aPinch = UIPinchGestureRecognizer(target: self, action: "pinchDo:") 20 self.view.addGestureRecognizer(aPinch) 21 22 //旋转事件 23 var aRotation = UIRotationGestureRecognizer(target: self, action: "rotatePiece:") 24 self.view.addGestureRecognizer(aRotation) 25 26 //轻扫事件--左轻扫 27 var leftSwipe = UISwipeGestureRecognizer(target: self, action: "leftSwipe:") 28 self.view.addGestureRecognizer(leftSwipe) 29 leftSwipe.direction = UISwipeGestureRecognizerDirection.Left 30 31 //轻扫事件--右轻扫 32 var rightSwipe = UISwipeGestureRecognizer(target: self, action: "rightSwipe:") 33 self.view.addGestureRecognizer(rightSwipe) 34 rightSwipe.direction = UISwipeGestureRecognizerDirection.Right 35 36 //轻扫事件--上轻扫 37 var upSwipe = UISwipeGestureRecognizer(target: self, action: "upSwipe:") 38 self.view.addGestureRecognizer(upSwipe) 39 upSwipe.direction = UISwipeGestureRecognizerDirection.Up 40 41 //轻扫事件--下轻扫 42 var downSwipe = UISwipeGestureRecognizer(target: self, action: "downSwipe:") 43 self.view.addGestureRecognizer(downSwipe) 44 downSwipe.direction = UISwipeGestureRecognizerDirection.Down 45 }
实现
1
2 //手势
3
4 //点击事件
5 func tapDo(sender:UITapGestureRecognizer)
6 {
7
8 println("点击事件")
9 }
10
11 //拖动事件
12 func handlenPan(sender:UIPanGestureRecognizer)
13 {
14 println("拖动事件")
15
16 if sender.state == .Began
17 {
18 //拖动开始
19 }
20 else if sender.state == .Changed
21 {
22 //拖动过程
23 }
24 else if sender.state == .Ended
25 {
26 //拖动结束
27 }
28 }
29
30 //长摁事件
31 func longPress(sender:UILongPressGestureRecognizer)
32 {
33 println("长摁事件")
34
35
36 }
37
38 //捏合事件
39 func pinchDo(sender:UIPinchGestureRecognizer)
40 {
41 println("捏合")
42 }
43
44 //旋转事件
45 func rotatePiece(sender:UIRotationGestureRecognizer)
46 {
47 println("旋转")
48 }
49
50
51 //轻扫事件--左轻扫
52 func leftSwipe(sender:UISwipeGestureRecognizer)
53 {
54 println("左轻扫")
55 }
56
57 //轻扫事件--右轻扫
58 func rightSwipe(sender:UISwipeGestureRecognizer)
59 {
60 println("右轻扫")
61 }
62
63 //轻扫事件--上轻扫
64 func upSwipe(sender:UISwipeGestureRecognizer)
65 {
66 println("上轻扫")
67 }
68
69 //轻扫事件--下轻扫
70 func downSwipe(sender:UISwipeGestureRecognizer)
71 {
72 println("下轻扫")
73 }
四、手机摇晃
1 1. 新建摇晃监听视图ShakeListenerView，并且设置canBecomeFirstResponder返回YES
2 - (BOOL)canBecomeFirstResponder
3 {
4 return YES;
5 }
6 2. 在Storyboard中将ViewController的View的Class设置为：ShakeListenerView
7 3. 在ViewController.m文件中增加：viewDidAppear和viewDidDisappear在视图出现和消失时成为/撤销第一响应者身份
8 4. 在视图控制器中增加手势监听方法：
9 - (void)motionBegan:(UIEventSubtype)motion withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
10 {
11 if (event.subtype == UIEventSubtypeMotionShake) {
12 NSLog(@"shake phone");
13 }
14 }
15 16 #pragma mark - 要让ViewController支持摇晃，需要写三个方法
17 // 1. 成为第一响应者，视图一出现时，就应该成为第一响应者
18 - (void)viewDidAppear:(BOOL)animated
19 {
20 [self.view becomeFirstResponder];
21 // 不要忘记去实现父类方法
22 [super viewDidAppear:animated];
23 }
24
25 // 2. 注销第一响应者，视图要关闭的时候，注销
26 - (void)viewDidDisappear:(BOOL)animated
27 {
28 [self.view resignFirstResponder];
29 // 不要忘记去实现父类方法
30 [super viewDidDisappear:animated];
31 }
32
33 // 3. 监听并处理移动事件，判断是否摇晃了手机
34 - (void)motionBegan:(UIEventSubtype)motion withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
35 {
36 if (motion == UIEventSubtypeMotionShake) {
37 NSLog(@"摇啊摇，摇到外婆桥！！！");
38 }
39 }
时间： 2025-01-14 23:47:49