整天跟数据库打交道的程序员都知道，当数据库的Schema发生改变时是多么痛苦的事情。尤其是一个在不断开发完善的项目，随着需求变化，数据库的schema也会跟着变化，而追踪记录这些变化一向都是费时费力。如果你拥有多个测试环境，那么保证这些环境下的数据库的一致性的难度会成倍增加。
Flyway，一款小工具，应用它能够大大简化这方面的工作。
它的优点：
- convention over configuration，配置简单，使用方便；支持Sql及Java配置；
- 支持当前几乎所有的主流数据库；
- 拥有命令行工具、Maven、Gradle插件….应用场景广泛。
使用它之前先要了解一些概念：
- 版本：对数据库的每一次变更可称为一个版本。
- 迁移：Flyway把数据库结构从一个版本更新到另一个版本叫做迁移。
- 可用的迁移：Flyway的文件系统识别出来的迁移版本。
- 已经应用的迁移：Flyway已经对数据库执行过的迁移。
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