预备知识：
关于http协议的基础请参考这里。
关于socket基础函数请参考这里。
关于python网络编程基础请参考这里。
废话不多说，前面实现过使用linux c 或者python 充当客户端来获取http 响应，也利用muduo库实现过一个简易http服务器，现在来实现一个python版的简易http服务器，代码改编自http://www.cnblogs.com/vamei/
httpServer.py
Python Code
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#!/usr/bin/env python #coding=utf-8 import socket import re HOST = ‘‘ PORT = 8000 #Read index.html, put into HTTP response data index_content = ‘‘‘ HTTP/1.x 200 ok Content-Type: text/html ‘‘‘ file = open(‘index.html‘, ‘r‘) index_content += file.read() file.close() #Read reg.html, put into HTTP response data reg_content = ‘‘‘ HTTP/1.x 200 ok Content-Type: text/html ‘‘‘ file = open(‘reg.html‘, ‘r‘) reg_content += file.read() file.close() #Read picture, put into HTTP response data file = open(‘T-mac.jpg‘, ‘rb‘) pic_content = ‘‘‘ HTTP/1.x 200 ok Content-Type: image/jpg ‘‘‘ pic_content += file.read() file.close() #Configure socket sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) sock.bind((HOST, PORT)) sock.listen(100) #infinite loop while True: # maximum number of requests waiting conn, addr = sock.accept() request = conn.recv(1024) method = request.split(‘ ‘)[0] src = request.split(‘ ‘)[1] print ‘Connect by: ‘, addr print ‘Request is:\n‘, request #deal wiht GET method if method == ‘GET‘: if src == ‘/index.html‘: content = index_content elif src == ‘/T-mac.jpg‘: content = pic_content elif src == ‘/reg.html‘: content = reg_content elif re.match(‘^/\?.*$‘, src): entry = src.split(‘?‘)[1] # main content of the request content = ‘HTTP/1.x 200 ok\r\nContent-Type: text/html\r\n\r\n‘ content += entry content += ‘<br /><font color="green" size="7">register successs!</p>‘ else: continue #deal with POST method elif method == ‘POST‘: form = request.split(‘\r\n‘) entry = form[-1] # main content of the request content = ‘HTTP/1.x 200 ok\r\nContent-Type: text/html\r\n\r\n‘ content += entry content += ‘<br /><font color="green" size="7">register successs!</p>‘ ###### # More operations, such as put the form into database # ... ###### else: continue conn.sendall(content) #close connection conn.close() |
chmod +x httpServer.py, 并运行./httpServer.py
使用浏览器当做客户端访问服务器
在httpServer.py 所在目录有index.html, reg.html, T-mac.jpg
1、访问目录： http://192.168.56.188:8000/index.html
服务器输出：
Connect by: (‘192.168.56.1‘, 6274)
Request is:
GET /index.html HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.56.188:8000
Connection: keep-alive
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko)
Chrome/33.0.1750.146 Safari/537.36
Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en;q=0.6,zh-TW;q=0.4
回顾代码可知我们给客户端的响应是头部+index.html， index.html如下：
HTML Code
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<html> <head> <title>Jinan University</title> </head> <body> <p>Python HTTP Server</p> <img src="T-mac.jpg" /> </body> </html> |
进而进一步访问T-mac.jpg，由于我们在实现服务器时使用短连接，即响应一次就关掉连接，所以客户端会再发起一次连接，如下：
Connect by: (‘192.168.56.1‘, 6275)
Request is:
GET /T-mac.jpg HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.56.188:8000
Connection: keep-alive
Accept: image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko)
Chrome/33.0.1750.146 Safari/537.36
Referer: http://192.168.56.188:8000/index.html
Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en;q=0.6,zh-TW;q=0.4
同样地，服务器响应头部+图片的二进制数据，如下图所示：
当然你也可以直接访问 http://192.168.56.188:8000/T-mac.jpg
2、访问目录：http://192.168.56.188:8000/reg.html
服务器输出：
Connect by: (‘192.168.56.1‘, 6282)
Request is:
GET /reg.html HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.56.188:8000
Connection: keep-alive
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko)
Chrome/33.0.1750.146 Safari/537.36
Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en;q=0.6,zh-TW;q=0.4
同样地，我们把头部+reg.html 响应过去，reg.html 是注册表单如下：
HTML Code
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=GBK"> <!--meta http-equiv="refresh" content="3;url=http://www.sina.com.cn" /--> <title>register page</title> </head> <body> <form action="http://192.168.56.188:8000" method="post"> <table border="1" bordercolor="#0000ff" cellpadding=10 cellspacing=0 width=600> <tr> <th colspan="2">注册表单</th> </tr> <tr> <td>用户名称：</td> <td><input type="text" name="user" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td>输入密码：</td> <td><input type="password" name="psw" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td>确认密码：</td> <td><input type="password" name="repsw" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td>选择性别：</td> <td> <input type="radio" name="sex" value="nan" />男 <input type="radio" name="sex" value="nv" />女 </td> </tr> <tr> <td>选择技术：</td> <td> <input type="checkbox" name="tech" value="java" />JAVA <input type="checkbox" name="tech" value="html" />HTML <input type="checkbox" name="tech" value="css" />CSS </td> </tr> <tr> <td>选择国家：</td> <td> <select name="country"> <option value="none">--选择国家--</option> <option value="usa">--美国--</option> <option value="en">--英国--</option> <option value="cn">--中国--</option> </select> </td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"> <input type="reset" value="清除数据" /> <input type="submit" value="提交数据" /> </th> </tr> </table> </form> </body> </html> |
我们随便填一些信息上去然后点击提交数据，如下图：
此时浏览器会访问 http://192.168.56.188:8000/
服务器输出为：
Connect by: (‘192.168.56.1‘, 6578)
Request is:
POST / HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.56.188:8000
Connection: keep-alive
Content-Length: 59
Cache-Control: max-age=0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
Origin: http://192.168.56.188:8000
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko)
Chrome/33.0.1750.146 Safari/537.36
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Referer: http://192.168.56.188:8000/reg.html
Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en;q=0.6,zh-TW;q=0.4
user=simba&psw=1990&repsw=1990&sex=nan&tech=java&country=cn
注意：即表单中的name=value，以&分隔。
回顾代码，我们只是将浏览器提交的数据体直接发回去，再输出register success! 浏览器输出如下图：
如果我们把 表单中的 <form action="http://192.168.56.188:8000" method="post">
method 改成get，会是怎样的呢？
此时浏览器会访问 http://192.168.56.188:8000/?user=simba&psw=1990&repsw=1990&sex=nan&tech=java&country=cn
服务器输出为：
Connect by: (‘192.168.56.1‘, 6382)
Request is:
GET /?user=simba&psw=1990&repsw=1990&sex=nan&tech=java&country=cn HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.56.188:8000
Connection: keep-alive
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko)
Chrome/33.0.1750.146 Safari/537.36
Referer: http://192.168.56.188:8000/reg.html
Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en;q=0.6,zh-TW;q=0.4
因为我们应答回去的数据跟post一致，故浏览器看到的输出也是一样的。
在这里可以总结一下post 跟 get 提交的一些区别：
get提交，提交的信息都显示在地址栏中；对于敏感数据不安全；由于地址栏存储体积有限而不能提交大容量数据；将信息封装到了请求消息的请求行
中，而post 提交将信息封装到了请求体中。
参考：
http://www.cnblogs.com/vamei/archive/2012/10/30/2744955.html
http://www.cnblogs.com/vamei/archive/2012/10/31/2747885.html
用Python socket实现一个简单的http服务器（post 与get 的区别）