Ubuntu：Codeblocks编译OpenGL超级宝典（第5版）的实例

最近在看OpenGL超级宝典第五版，系统为Ubuntu，想通过Codeblocks运行书中的实例，途中遇到不少问题，均已解决，现分享一下操作步骤如下：

1. 建立基本编译环境

sudo apt-getinstall build-essential

2. 安装OpenGL Library

sudo apt-getinstall libgl1-mesa-dev

3.安装OpenGL Utilities

sudo apt-getinstall libglu1-mesa-dev

4.安装OpenGL Utility ToolKit

sudo apt-get installfreeglut3-dev

5.安装Codeblocks

sudo apt-get install codeblocks

6.新建Codeblocks项目

新建Console application项目 -->选择C++ language,比如项目名为HelloWorld

7.包含OpenGL/Glut 相关的链接库

project à Build Options à Linkersettings

添加文件：libGL.so  libglut.so libGLU.so

[1~7步骤可具体参考博文http://blog.csdn.net/jarvischu/article/details/8226938， 第6步一定要建立Console application并且是C++ language]

8.下载freeglutAndGLTools

地址为：http://download.csdn.net/detail/xhz1234/7707213,

.将下载的GLToolsandFreeglut.tar.xz解压freeglut-2.6.0和GLTools，将这两个目录及其中的文件拷贝到新建的项目HelloWorld目录中。

9.添加实例代码

以OpenGL超级宝典（第5版）的SphereWorld4为例，将SphereWorld4.cpp的内容拷贝到新建项目的main.cpp中（当然也可将main.cpp删除，直接将SphereWorld4.cpp拷贝到HelloWorld项目中），然后CodeBlocks添加这些文件。

10.修改SphereWorld4.cpp

代码如下红色部分:

// SphereWorld.cpp
// OpenGL SuperBible
// New and improved (performance) sphere world
// Program by Richard S. Wright Jr.

// SphereWorld.cpp
// OpenGL SuperBible
// New and improved (performance) sphere world
// Program by Richard S. Wright Jr.

<span style="color:#FF0000;">#include "./GLTools/include/GL/glew.h"
#include "./GLTools/include/GLTools.h"
#include "./GLTools/include/GLShaderManager.h"
#include "./GLTools/include/GLFrustum.h"
#include "./GLTools/include/GLBatch.h"
#include "./GLTools/include/GLMatrixStack.h"
#include "./GLTools/include/GLGeometryTransform.h"
#include "./GLTools/include/GLTools.h"
#include "./GLTools/include/StopWatch.h"
</span>
#include <math.h>
#include <stdio.h>

#ifdef __APPLE__
#include <glut/glut.h>
#else
#define FREEGLUT_STATIC
#include <GL/glut.h>
#endif

#define NUM_SPHERES 50
GLFrame spheres[NUM_SPHERES];

GLShaderManager		shaderManager;			// Shader Manager
GLMatrixStack		modelViewMatrix;		// Modelview Matrix
GLMatrixStack		projectionMatrix;		// Projection Matrix
GLFrustum			viewFrustum;			// View Frustum
GLGeometryTransform	transformPipeline;		// Geometry Transform Pipeline

GLTriangleBatch		torusBatch;
GLBatch				floorBatch;
GLTriangleBatch     sphereBatch;
GLFrame             cameraFrame;

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// This function does any needed initialization on the rendering
// context.
void SetupRC()
    {
	// Initialze Shader Manager
	shaderManager.InitializeStockShaders();

	glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);

	glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);

	// This makes a torus
	gltMakeTorus(torusBatch, 0.4f, 0.15f, 30, 30);

    // This make a sphere
    gltMakeSphere(sphereBatch, 0.1f, 26, 13);

	floorBatch.Begin(GL_LINES, 324);
    for(GLfloat x = -20.0; x <= 20.0f; x+= 0.5) {
        floorBatch.Vertex3f(x, -0.55f, 20.0f);
        floorBatch.Vertex3f(x, -0.55f, -20.0f);

        floorBatch.Vertex3f(20.0f, -0.55f, x);
        floorBatch.Vertex3f(-20.0f, -0.55f, x);
        }
    floorBatch.End();

    // Randomly place the spheres
    for(int i = 0; i < NUM_SPHERES; i++) {
        GLfloat x = ((GLfloat)((rand() % 400) - 200) * 0.1f);
        GLfloat z = ((GLfloat)((rand() % 400) - 200) * 0.1f);
        spheres[i].SetOrigin(x, 0.0f, z);
        }
    }

///////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Screen changes size or is initialized
void ChangeSize(int nWidth, int nHeight)
    {
	glViewport(0, 0, nWidth, nHeight);

    // Create the projection matrix, and load it on the projection matrix stack
	viewFrustum.SetPerspective(35.0f, float(nWidth)/float(nHeight), 1.0f, 100.0f);
	projectionMatrix.LoadMatrix(viewFrustum.GetProjectionMatrix());

    // Set the transformation pipeline to use the two matrix stacks
	transformPipeline.SetMatrixStacks(modelViewMatrix, projectionMatrix);
    }

// Called to draw scene
void RenderScene(void)
	{
    // Color values
    static GLfloat vFloorColor[] = { 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f};
    static GLfloat vTorusColor[] = { 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f };
    static GLfloat vSphereColor[] = { 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f };

    // Time Based animation
	static CStopWatch	rotTimer;
	float yRot = rotTimer.GetElapsedSeconds() * 60.0f;

	// Clear the color and depth buffers
	glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

    // Save the current modelview matrix (the identity matrix)
	modelViewMatrix.PushMatrix();

    M3DMatrix44f mCamera;
    cameraFrame.GetCameraMatrix(mCamera);
    modelViewMatrix.PushMatrix(mCamera);

    // Transform the light position into eye coordinates
    M3DVector4f vLightPos = { 0.0f, 10.0f, 5.0f, 1.0f };
    M3DVector4f vLightEyePos;
    m3dTransformVector4(vLightEyePos, vLightPos, mCamera);

	// Draw the ground
	shaderManager.UseStockShader(GLT_SHADER_FLAT,
								 transformPipeline.GetModelViewProjectionMatrix(),
								 vFloorColor);
	floorBatch.Draw();

    for(int i = 0; i < NUM_SPHERES; i++) {
        modelViewMatrix.PushMatrix();
        modelViewMatrix.MultMatrix(spheres[i]);
        shaderManager.UseStockShader(GLT_SHADER_POINT_LIGHT_DIFF, transformPipeline.GetModelViewMatrix(),
                                transformPipeline.GetProjectionMatrix(), vLightEyePos, vSphereColor);
        sphereBatch.Draw();
        modelViewMatrix.PopMatrix();
        }

    // Draw the spinning Torus
    modelViewMatrix.Translate(0.0f, 0.0f, -2.5f);

    // Save the Translation
    modelViewMatrix.PushMatrix();

        // Apply a rotation and draw the torus
        modelViewMatrix.Rotate(yRot, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
        shaderManager.UseStockShader(GLT_SHADER_POINT_LIGHT_DIFF, transformPipeline.GetModelViewMatrix(),
                                     transformPipeline.GetProjectionMatrix(), vLightEyePos, vTorusColor);
        torusBatch.Draw();
    modelViewMatrix.PopMatrix(); // "Erase" the Rotation from before

    // Apply another rotation, followed by a translation, then draw the sphere
    modelViewMatrix.Rotate(yRot * -2.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
    modelViewMatrix.Translate(0.8f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
    shaderManager.UseStockShader(GLT_SHADER_POINT_LIGHT_DIFF, transformPipeline.GetModelViewMatrix(),
                                transformPipeline.GetProjectionMatrix(), vLightEyePos, vSphereColor);
    sphereBatch.Draw();

	// Restore the previous modleview matrix (the identity matrix)
	modelViewMatrix.PopMatrix();
    modelViewMatrix.PopMatrix();
    // Do the buffer Swap
    glutSwapBuffers();

    // Tell GLUT to do it again
    glutPostRedisplay();
    }

// Respond to arrow keys by moving the camera frame of reference
void SpecialKeys(int key, int x, int y)
    {
	float linear = 0.1f;
	float angular = float(m3dDegToRad(5.0f));

	if(key == GLUT_KEY_UP)
		cameraFrame.MoveForward(linear);

	if(key == GLUT_KEY_DOWN)
		cameraFrame.MoveForward(-linear);

	if(key == GLUT_KEY_LEFT)
		cameraFrame.RotateWorld(angular, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);

	if(key == GLUT_KEY_RIGHT)
		cameraFrame.RotateWorld(-angular, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
    }

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
    {
	gltSetWorkingDirectory(argv[0]);

    glutInit(&argc, argv);
    glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGB | GLUT_DEPTH);
    glutInitWindowSize(800,600);

    glutCreateWindow("OpenGL SphereWorld");

    glutSpecialFunc(SpecialKeys);
    glutReshapeFunc(ChangeSize);
    glutDisplayFunc(RenderScene);

    GLenum err = glewInit();
    if (GLEW_OK != err) {
        fprintf(stderr, "GLEW Error: %s\n", glewGetErrorString(err));
        return 1;
        }

    SetupRC();
    glutMainLoop();
    return 0;
    }

11.编译运行，如下：

正文结束！

附：

1）OpenGL超级宝典的代码下载地址：http://www.starstonesoftware.com/files/

直接使用超级宝典的代码，在Codeblocks编译不能通过，通过上面的步骤可以正常运行。

2）在编译时，会遇到很多告警，分两类：

2-1）

||=== Build: Debug in TestForLove2 (compiler: GNU GCC Compiler) ===|
/home/xhz/Program/TestForLove2/GLTools/src/GLTools.cpp||In function ‘GLbyte* gltReadBMPBits(const char*, int*, int*)’:|
/home/xhz/Program/TestForLove2/GLTools/src/GLTools.cpp|1062|warning: converting ‘false’ to pointer type ‘GLbyte* {aka signed char*}’ [-Wconversion-null]|
/home/xhz/Program/TestForLove2/GLTools/src/GLTools.cpp|1074|warning: converting ‘false’ to pointer type ‘GLbyte* {aka signed char*}’ [-Wconversion-null]|
||=== Build finished: 0 error(s), 2 warning(s) (0 minute(s), 3 second(s)) ===|

解决方法：将GLTools.cpp相应位置的false改为NULL

2-2)

||=== Build: Debug in TestForLove2 (compiler: GNU GCC Compiler) ===|
/home/xhz/Program/TestForLove2/GLTools/src/../include/GLBatch.h||In constructor ‘GLBatch::GLBatch()’:|
/home/xhz/Program/TestForLove2/GLTools/src/../include/GLBatch.h|127|warning: ‘GLBatch::nNumTextureUnits’ will be initialized after [-Wreorder]|
/home/xhz/Program/TestForLove2/GLTools/src/../include/GLBatch.h|126|warning:   ‘GLuint GLBatch::nNumVerts’ [-Wreorder]|
/home/xhz/Program/TestForLove2/GLTools/src/GLBatch.cpp|57|warning:   when initialized here [-Wreorder]|
/home/xhz/Program/TestForLove2/GLTools/src/../include/GLBatch.h|135|warning: ‘GLBatch::pTexCoords’ will be initialized after [-Wreorder]|
/home/xhz/Program/TestForLove2/GLTools/src/../include/GLBatch.h|119|warning:   ‘GLuint GLBatch::uiVertexArray’ [-Wreorder]|
/home/xhz/Program/TestForLove2/GLTools/src/GLBatch.cpp|57|warning:   when initialized here [-Wreorder]|
/home/xhz/Program/TestForLove2/GLTools/src/../include/GLBatch.h|129|warning: ‘GLBatch::bBatchDone’ will be initialized after [-Wreorder]|
/home/xhz/Program/TestForLove2/GLTools/src/../include/GLBatch.h|125|warning:   ‘GLuint GLBatch::nVertsBuilding’ [-Wreorder]|
/home/xhz/Program/TestForLove2/GLTools/src/GLBatch.cpp|57|warning:   when initialized here [-Wreorder]|
/home/xhz/Program/TestForLove2/GLTools/src/../include/GLBatch.h|125|warning: ‘GLBatch::nVertsBuilding’ will be initialized after [-Wreorder]|
/home/xhz/Program/TestForLove2/GLTools/src/../include/GLBatch.h|122|warning:   ‘GLuint* GLBatch::uiTextureCoordArray’ [-Wreorder]|
/home/xhz/Program/TestForLove2/GLTools/src/GLBatch.cpp|57|warning:   when initialized here [-Wreorder]|
||=== Build finished: 0 error(s), 12 warning(s) (0 minute(s), 4 second(s)) ===|

上述告警的原因是

构造函数中变量初始化的顺序与该成员变量在类GLBatch中定义的顺序不一致

代码中GLBatch定义中成员变量顺序如下：

class GLBatch : public GLBatchBase
{
          ...
    protected:
	GLenum		primitiveType;		// What am I drawing....

	GLuint		uiVertexArray;
	GLuint      uiNormalArray;
	GLuint		uiColorArray;
	GLuint		*uiTextureCoordArray;
	GLuint		vertexArrayObject;

        GLuint nVertsBuilding;			// Building up vertexes counter (immediate mode emulator)
        GLuint nNumVerts;				// Number of verticies in this batch
        GLuint nNumTextureUnits;		// Number of texture coordinate sets

        bool	bBatchDone;				// Batch has been built

	M3DVector3f *pVerts;
	M3DVector3f *pNormals;
	M3DVector4f *pColors;
	M3DVector2f **pTexCoords;

};

而在类的初始化列表定义如下：

GLBatch::GLBatch(void): nNumTextureUnits(0), nNumVerts(0), pVerts(NULL), pNormals(NULL), pColors(NULL), pTexCoords(NULL), uiVertexArray(0),
	uiNormalArray(0), uiColorArray(0), vertexArrayObject(0), bBatchDone(false), nVertsBuilding(0), uiTextureCoordArray(NULL)

要消除上面的告警，仅需将两者顺序统一，我是将GLBatch中成员变量的顺序做了更改。

上面的更改均以同步到 freeglutAndGLTools，地址为：http://download.csdn.net/detail/xhz1234/7707213 的压缩包中相应文件。

Ubuntu：Codeblocks编译OpenGL超级宝典（第5版）的实例