OneProxy实现MySQL分库分表
简介
Part1:写在最前
随着网站的壮大，MySQL数据库架构一般会经历一个过程：
当我们数据量比较小的时候，一台单实例数据库足矣。等我们数据量增大的时候，我们会采用一主多从的数据库架构来降低我们的读写io。当我们某张业务表达到几百万上千万甚至上亿时，就应该去进行分表处理。本文演示OneProxy对数据库实现分表处理，对前端应用是透明的。
Part2:环境简介
HE1:192.168.1.248 Master1
HE3:192.168.1.250 Master2
HE4:192.168.1.251 Oneproxy
环境构建
Part1:安装Oneproxy
Oneproxy的安装不是本文讲述的重点，需要的可移步至
OneProxy实现MySQL读写分离与负载均衡
http://suifu.blog.51cto.com/9167728/1884673
Part2:proxy.cnf
proxy.cnf文件是oneproxy的主要参数配置文件，新版的oneproxy对整个目录进行了重新的划分，配置文件都放在了conf目录里
[[email protected] oneproxy]# cat conf/proxy.conf [oneproxy] keepalive = 1 event-threads = 4 log-file = log/oneproxy.log pid-file = log/oneproxy.pid lck-file = log/oneproxy.lck mysql-version = 5.7.16 proxy-address = :3307 proxy-master-addresses.1 = 192.168.1.248:[email protected] proxy-master-addresses.2 = 192.168.1.250:[email protected] proxy-user-list = sys_admin/[email protected] proxy-part-tables.1 = /root/oneproxy/conf/part.txt #proxy-part-tables.2 = /root/oneproxy/conf/part2.txt proxy-charset = utf8_bin proxy-group-policy.1 = group1:master-only proxy-group-policy.2 = group2:master-only proxy-secure-client = 192.168.1.248 proxy-sequence.1 = default proxy-httpserver = :8080 proxy-httptitle = OneProxy Monitor
Part3:part.txt
part.txt文件是分区策略配置文件，在本博文中，采取hash分区来进行简单演示
[[email protected] oneproxy]# cat conf/part.txt
[
{
"table" : "helei",
"pkey" : "id",
"type" : "int",
"method" : "hash",
"partitions" :
[
{ "suffix" : "_0", "group": "group1" },
{ "suffix" : "_1", "group": "group2" },
{ "suffix" : "_2", "group": "group1" },
{ "suffix" : "_3", "group": "group2"}
]
}
]
实战
Part1:启动OneProxy
[[email protected] oneproxy]# ./oneproxy.service start Starting OneProxy ... [ OK ]
Part2:监控页面
我这里是两台Master
Part3:创建相关表
登录oneproxy管理库创建表
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -usys_admin -pMANAGER -h192.168.1.251 -P3307 test mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 103 Server version: 5.7.16 OneProxy-Community-5.8.5 (OneXSoft) Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement. mysql> create table helei( -> id int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, -> c1 int(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘0‘, -> c2 int(10) unsigned DEFAULT NULL, -> c5 int(10) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘0‘, -> c3 timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, -> c4 varchar(200) NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘‘, -> PRIMARY KEY(id), -> KEY idx_c1(c1), -> KEY idx_c2(c2) -> )ENGINE=InnoDB ; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.27 sec) mysql> \q
Part4:插入数据
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -usys_admin -pMANAGER -h192.168.1.251 -P3307 test -e"insert into helei(id,c1,c2,c5,c4) values(1,1,1,1,‘1‘)" mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. [[email protected] ~]# mysql -usys_admin -pMANAGER -h192.168.1.251 -P3307 test -e"insert into helei(id,c1,c2,c5,c4) values(2,2,2,2,‘2‘)" mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. [[email protected] ~]# mysql -usys_admin -pMANAGER -h192.168.1.251 -P3307 test -e"insert into helei(id,c1,c2,c5,c4) values(3,3,3,3,‘3‘)" mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. [[email protected] ~]# mysql -usys_admin -pMANAGER -h192.168.1.251 -P3307 test -e"insert into helei(id,c1,c2,c5,c4) values(4,4,4,4,‘4‘)" mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
校验
Part1:校验oneproxy表内容
这里可以看到虚拟表helei中已经具有刚刚插入的内容；
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -usys_admin -pMANAGER -h192.168.1.251 -P3307 test -e"select * from helei"; mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. +----+----+------+----+---------------------+----+ | id | c1 | c2 | c5 | c3 | c4 | +----+----+------+----+---------------------+----+ | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 2016-12-23 00:07:21 | 4 | | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2016-12-23 16:07:04 | 1 | | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2016-12-23 00:07:10 | 2 | | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2016-12-23 16:07:16 | 3 | +----+----+------+----+---------------------+----+
Part2:校验Master1中的内容
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot -pMANAGER test mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 158 Server version: 5.7.16-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement. mysql> show tables; +----------------+ | Tables_in_test | +----------------+ | checksums | | helei_0 | | helei_2 | | sbtest | +----------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from helei_0; +----+----+------+----+---------------------+----+ | id | c1 | c2 | c5 | c3 | c4 | +----+----+------+----+---------------------+----+ | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 2016-12-23 00:07:21 | 4 | +----+----+------+----+---------------------+----+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from helei_2; +----+----+------+----+---------------------+----+ | id | c1 | c2 | c5 | c3 | c4 | +----+----+------+----+---------------------+----+ | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2016-12-23 00:07:10 | 2 | +----+----+------+----+---------------------+----+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
Part3:校验Master2中的内容
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot -pMANAGER test Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 2997 Server version: 5.7.16-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement. mysql> show tables; +----------------+ | Tables_in_test | +----------------+ | checksums | | helei_1 | | helei_3 | +----------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from helei_1; +----+----+------+----+---------------------+----+ | id | c1 | c2 | c5 | c3 | c4 | +----+----+------+----+---------------------+----+ | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2016-12-23 16:07:04 | 1 | +----+----+------+----+---------------------+----+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from helei_3; +----+----+------+----+---------------------+----+ | id | c1 | c2 | c5 | c3 | c4 | +----+----+------+----+---------------------+----+ | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2016-12-23 16:07:16 | 3 | +----+----+------+----+---------------------+----+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
注意
Warning:警告1
不支持预编译语句 PreparedStatement,不支持Bind、Execute调用接口。
Warning:警告2
不支持使用use命令来切换后端数据库，use命令可执行，但其含义是切换到不同的MySQL主备集群，OneProxy在支持分库分表功能后，就将一个主备集群视为一个数据库了，链接Oneproxy时如果指定了数据库名，则需替换成Server Group的名字
Warning:警告3
禁止使用set命令，任何set命令都会直接返回成功，而不做任何处理。
Warning:警告4
默认禁止CALL、PREPARE、EXECUTE、DEALLOCATE命令，不支持存储过程和函数。
Warning:警告5
OneProxy支持master进行故障转移切换，但建议采用流行的高可用方案MHA实现。故障切换后，OneProxy可以自动识别哪台机器是master。另外，架构必须是一主带N从，不能是双主带N从。
——总结——
至此，OneProxy对MySQL的分库分表测试完成，对于前端应用而言，表名是透明的。无需变更代码。由于笔者的水平有限，编写时间也很仓促，文中难免会出现一些错误或者不准确的地方，不妥之处恳请读者批评指正。
参考文献：
http://hcymysql.blog.51cto.com/5223301/1685146
http://www.onexsoft.com
时间： 2024-10-09 22:45:03