FirstViewController的代码

import UIKit

class FirstViewController: UIViewController, SecondViewControllerDelegate {

    @IBOutlet weak var showTextLabel: UILabel!
    @IBOutlet weak var showDelegateTextLabel: UILabel!

    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()

        // Do any additional setup after loading the view.
    }

    //点击按钮跳转到SecondViewController
    @IBAction func tapGoSecondViewController(sender: UIButton) {
        //从storyboard上加载SecondViewController
        let secondVC = UIStoryboard(name: "Main", bundle: NSBundle.mainBundle()).instantiateViewControllerWithIdentifier("secondViewController") as! SecondViewController
        //实现回调，获取回调回来的值 （闭包）
        secondVC.backClosure = {
            (backStr: String) -> Void in
            self.showTextLabel.text = backStr
        }
        secondVC.delegate = self
        //跳转到SecondViewController
        self.navigationController?.pushViewController(secondVC, animated: true)
    }
    //MARK: - SecondViewControllerDelegate(代理)
    func fetchBackString(str: String) {
        self.showDelegateTextLabel.text = str
    }

    override func didReceiveMemoryWarning() {
        super.didReceiveMemoryWarning()
        // Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.
    }
}

SecondViewController的代码

import UIKit

//定义闭包类型（特定的函数类型函数类型）
typealias InputClosureType = (String) -> Void

protocol SecondViewControllerDelegate: NSObjectProtocol{
    func fetchBackString(str: String)
}

class SecondViewController: UIViewController {

    @IBOutlet weak var inputTextField: UITextField!
    //接收上个页面传过来的闭包块
    var backClosure: InputClosureType?
    weak var delegate: SecondViewControllerDelegate?

    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()

        // Do any additional setup after loading the view.
    }

    @IBAction func tapBackButton(sender: UIButton) {
        if self.backClosure != nil {
            if let tempString = self.inputTextField.text {
                self.backClosure!(tempString)
            }
        }
        self.navigationController?.popViewControllerAnimated(true)
    }

    @IBAction func delegateBackMethod(sender: UIButton) {
        if self.delegate != nil {
            if let tempString = self.inputTextField.text {
                delegate!.fetchBackString("代理返回数据:\(tempString)")
            }
        }
        self.navigationController?.popViewControllerAnimated(true)
    }

    override func didReceiveMemoryWarning() {
        super.didReceiveMemoryWarning()
        // Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.
    }
}

效果视图：