MySQL 主从复制搭建

1. 搭建

1.1 Master

Master配置(my.cnf)

[mysqld]
log-bin=/usr/local/mysql-5.6.16/log/mysql-bin
server_id=1

启动Master

./bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql-5.6.16/my.cnf --user=mysql &

创建用于复制的用户

mysql > grant replication slave on *.* to ‘rep1‘@‘192.168.80.102‘ identified by ‘rep1‘;

备份数据并还原到从服务器
-- 设置读锁，数据无法更新

mysql > flush tables with read lock;

-- 查看开始复制的位置

mysql > show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 |      120 |              |                  |                   |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

-- 传输数据

tar -czf - data/ | ssh 192.168.80.102 "tar -xzf - -C /usr/local/mysql-5.6.16"

-- 解除锁定

mysql > unlock tables;

1.2 Slave
Slave配置(my.cnf)

[mysqld]
server_id=2      # Master和Slave之间唯一
skip-slave-start # 启动时不启动slave的复制进程

启动Slave

./bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql-5.6.16/my.cnf --user=mysql &

配置复制参数

mysql > change master to
    -> master_host=‘192.168.80.101‘,
    -> master_port=3306,
    -> master_user=‘rep1‘,
    -> master_password=‘rep1‘,
    -> master_log_file=‘mysql-bin.000001‘,
    -> master_log_pos=120;

启动Slave的IO和SQL线程

mysql > start slave;

检查

mysql > show processlist \G

应出现以下信息:
State: Waiting for master to send event
State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it

或

mysql > show slave status \G

应出现以下信息:
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it

2. 测试
2.1 Master

mysql > use test;
mysql > show tables;
mysql > create table t1 as select * from mysql.user;

2.2 Slave

mysql > show tables;
mysql > select * from t1;

3. 附加

3.1 主要复制启动选项
(1) log-slave-updates
该参数需要和log-bin一起使用，配置从服务器上的更新操作是否写binlog。默认关闭。如果搭建一个链式复制，从服务器同时也是其他服务器的主服务器，则需要打开这个选项，以让它的从服务器获得它的binlog进行同步。

(2) read-only
on:  从服务器只接受超级用户的更新操作
off: 从服务器接受普通用户的更新操作