>_<:The last time,we learned how to use timer to make the picture run
and change show,but sometimes the time may have a little change,for example when
you move the window or do other things the frequency may be effected.And now we
will talk about how to get a stable timer.
>_<:Actually it‘s not difficult,only need to calculate
the difference between successive two times painting.If find
the difference bigger than a seted time value,do a new painting.
1 while (msg.message!=WM_QUIT) //不是窗口结束消息WM_QUIT,则继续循环
2 {
3 if(PeekMessage(&msg,NULL,0,0,PM_REMOVE))//PeekMessage()函数来检测目前是否有消息处理(检测到0，否则1)
4 { //------------|不能用GetMassage()换，因为它只有取得WM_QUIT时才返回0，其他返回非0，错误返回-1
5 TranslateMessage(&msg);//转换伪码及字符
6 DispatchMessage(&msg);//将控制权交给系统，再有系统决定负责处理消息的程序；
7
8 }
9 else//当此次循环运行与上次绘图时间相差0.1秒时再进行重绘操作
10 {
11 tNow=GetTickCount();//取得从开始到现在运行的时间百万分之一秒
12 if(tNow-tPre>=100)MyPaint(hdc); //tPre前次绘图的时间；计算上次绘图到这次循环之间的时间
13 } //------------|若相差100个单位进行一次绘图操作，通过这
14 } //------------|个操作可以调整运行快慢
>_<:code
1 // stdafx.h : include file for standard system include files,
2 // or project specific include files that are used frequently, but
3 // are changed infrequently
4 //
5
6 #if !defined(AFX_STDAFX_H__A9DB83DB_A9FD_11D0_BFD1_444553540000__INCLUDED_)
7 #define AFX_STDAFX_H__A9DB83DB_A9FD_11D0_BFD1_444553540000__INCLUDED_
8
9 #if _MSC_VER > 1000
10 #pragma once
11 #endif // _MSC_VER > 1000
12
13 #define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN // Exclude rarely-used stuff from Windows headers
14
15
16 // Windows Header Files:
17 #include <windows.h>
18
19 // C RunTime Header Files
20 #include <stdlib.h>
21 #include <malloc.h>
22 #include <memory.h>
23 #include <tchar.h>
24
25 // Local Header Files
26
27 // TODO: reference additional headers your program requires here
28
29 //{{AFX_INSERT_LOCATION}}
30 // Microsoft Visual C++ will insert additional declarations immediately before the previous line.
31
32 #endif // !defined(AFX_STDAFX_H__A9DB83DB_A9FD_11D0_BFD1_444553540000__INCLUDED_)
StdAfx.h
1 //{{NO_DEPENDENCIES}}
2 // Microsoft Visual C++ generated include file.
3 // Used by FE.RC
4 //
5 #define IDR_MAINFRAME 128
6 #define IDD_FE_DIALOG 102
7 #define IDD_ABOUTBOX 103
8 #define IDS_APP_TITLE 103
9 #define IDM_ABOUT 104
10 #define IDM_EXIT 105
11 #define IDS_HELLO 106
12 #define IDI_FE 107
13 #define IDI_SMALL 108
14 #define IDC_FE 109
15 #define IDC_MYICON 2
16 #define IDC_STATIC -1
17 // Next default values for new objects
18 //
19 #ifdef APSTUDIO_INVOKED
20 #ifndef APSTUDIO_READONLY_SYMBOLS
21
22 #define _APS_NEXT_RESOURCE_VALUE 129
23 #define _APS_NEXT_COMMAND_VALUE 32771
24 #define _APS_NEXT_CONTROL_VALUE 1000
25 #define _APS_NEXT_SYMED_VALUE 110
26 #endif
27 #endif
resourse.h
1 #include "stdafx.h"
2 #include "resourse.h"
3 #include "stdio.h"
4 #include "time.h"
5
6 #define MAX_LOADSTRING 100
7
8 // Global Variables:
9 HINSTANCE hInst; // current instance
10 TCHAR szTitle[MAX_LOADSTRING]; // The title bar text
11 TCHAR szWindowClass[MAX_LOADSTRING]; // The title bar text
12 HBITMAP girl[12];
13 HDC mdc,hdc;
14 HWND hWnd;
15 DWORD tPre,tNow,tCheck;//tPre记录上一次绘图的时间,tNow记录此次绘图的时间，tCheck记录每秒开始的时间
16 int num,frame,fps;//num用来记录图号，frame累加每次画面更新的次数，fps记录每秒画面更新的次数
17
18 // Foward declarations of functions included in this code module:
19 ATOM MyRegisterClass(HINSTANCE hInstance);
20 BOOL InitInstance(HINSTANCE, int);
21 LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);
22 LRESULT CALLBACK About(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);
23 void MyPaint(HDC hdc);
24 //========================================================================================
25 int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,
26 HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
27 LPSTR lpCmdLine,
28 int nCmdShow)
29 {
30 // TODO: Place code here.
31 MSG msg;
32
33 MyRegisterClass(hInstance);//调用函数向系统注册窗口类别，输入参数hInstance是目前运行程序的对象代码；
34
35 // 调用InitInstance函数，进行初始化操作；
36 if (!InitInstance (hInstance, nCmdShow))
37 {
38 return FALSE;
39 }
40
41 // 消息循环（通过消息循环来获取信息，
42 //进行必要的键盘信息转换而后将控制权交给操作系统，
43 //有操作系统决定哪个程序的消息处理函数处理消息
44 while (msg.message!=WM_QUIT) //不是窗口结束消息WM_QUIT,则继续循环
45 {
46 if(PeekMessage(&msg,NULL,0,0,PM_REMOVE))//PeekMessage()函数来检测目前是否有消息处理(检测到0，否则1)
47 { //------------|不能用GetMassage()换，因为它只有取得WM_QUIT时才返回0，其他返回非0，错误返回-1
48 TranslateMessage(&msg);//转换伪码及字符
49 DispatchMessage(&msg);//将控制权交给系统，再有系统决定负责处理消息的程序；
50
51 }
52 else//当此次循环运行与上次绘图时间相差0.1秒时再进行重绘操作
53 {
54 tNow=GetTickCount();//取得从开始到现在运行的时间百万分之一秒
55 if(tNow-tPre>=100)MyPaint(hdc); //tPre前次绘图的时间；计算上次绘图到这次循环之间的时间
56 } //------------|若相差100个单位进行一次绘图操作，通过这
57 } //------------|个操作可以调整运行快慢
58
59 return msg.wParam;
60 }
61 //=====================================================================================
62
63
64
65 //=============================================================================================
66 //在建立程序窗口实体之前，必须先定义一个窗口类别，其中包含所要建立窗口的信息，
67 //并向系统注册，这里的MyRegisterClass函数就是进行定义及注册窗口类别的函数。
68 //==============================================================================================
69 ATOM MyRegisterClass(HINSTANCE hInstance)
70 {
71 WNDCLASSEX wcex; //申请一个窗口类别“WNDCLASSEX”和结构”wcex“
72 //--------------------------------------------------------------
73 //定义vcex结构的各项信息，其中设定信息处理函数（lpfnWndProc）
74 //为WNDPROC，类别名称为（lpszClassName）为”fe";
75 //--------------------------------------------------------------
76 wcex.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
77
78 wcex.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
79 wcex.lpfnWndProc = (WNDPROC)WndProc;
80 wcex.cbClsExtra = 0;
81 wcex.cbWndExtra = 0;
82 wcex.hInstance = hInstance;
83 wcex.hIcon = NULL;
84 wcex.hCursor = NULL;
85 wcex.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL,IDC_ARROW);
86 wcex.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);
87 wcex.lpszMenuName = NULL;
88 wcex.lpszClassName = "fe";
89 wcex.hIconSm = NULL;
90
91 return RegisterClassEx(&wcex);//调用RegisterClassEx函数注册类别，返回一个“ATOM"形态的字符串
92 //此字符串即为类别名称”fe";
93 }
94 //============================================================================================
95
96
97 //============================================================================================
98 //按照前面所定义的窗口类别来建立并显示实际的程序窗口
99 //============================================================================================
100 BOOL InitInstance(HINSTANCE hInstance, int nCmdShow)
101 {
102 HWND hWnd;
103 char filename[20]="";
104 int i;
105 hInst = hInstance; // 把instance handle 储存在全局变量中；
106
107 hWnd = CreateWindow("fe","绘图窗口",WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
108 CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL);
109 //-----------------------------------------------
110 //调用CreateWindow函数来建立一个窗口对象
111 //第一个参数就是窗口建立依据的类别名称
112 //-----------------------------------------------
113 if (!hWnd)
114 {
115 return FALSE;
116 }
117 //------------------------------------------------
118 //设定窗口的位置及窗口的大小，然后绘制显示在设备上
119 //-------------------------------------------------
120 MoveWindow(hWnd,10,10,616,440,true);//位置及大小
121 ShowWindow(hWnd, nCmdShow);//改定窗口显示时的状态
122 UpdateWindow(hWnd);//将窗口绘制在显示设备上
123
124 hdc=GetDC(hWnd);
125 mdc=CreateCompatibleDC(hdc);
126
127 for(i=0;i<12;i++)
128 {
129 sprintf(filename,"map%d.bmp",i);
130 girl[i]=(HBITMAP)LoadImage(NULL,filename,IMAGE_BITMAP,50,50,LR_LOADFROMFILE);
131 }
132
133 num=0;
134 SetTimer(hWnd,1,100,NULL);
135 srand((unsigned)time(NULL));
136
137 MyPaint(hdc);
138
139 return TRUE;
140 }
141 //============================================================================================
142
143
144 //============================================================================================
145 //计算与显示每秒画面更新次数
146 //按照图号顺序进行窗口贴图
147 //============================================================================================
148 void MyPaint(HDC hdc)
149 {
150 char str[40]="";
151
152 frame++;//每次调用这个函数将更新次数加1
153 if(tNow-tCheck>=100)//判断此次绘图时间由前一秒算起是否已经达到1秒钟的时间间隔
154 {
155 fps=frame;//若是，将目前的frame付值给fps(这段时间内更新次数）
156 frame=0;//归零
157 tCheck=tNow;//并重设下一次起始时间
158 }
159 sprintf(str,"%d ",fps);
160 TextOut(mdc,40,0,str,strlen(str));
161 for(int j=0;j<96;j++)
162 {
163 SelectObject(mdc,girl[ rand()%12]);
164 BitBlt(hdc,50*(j%12),j/12*50,650,450,mdc,0,0,SRCCOPY);
165 }
166
167 tPre=GetTickCount();//记录此次绘图的时间
168 }
169 //============================================================================================
170
171
172 //============================================================================================
173 //在前面定义类别的时候把WndProc定义为消息处理函数（当某些外部消息发生时，会按消息的类型
174 //来决定该如何进行处理。此外该函数也是一个回叫函数（CALLBACK)（windows系统函数）每一个
175 //程序都会接收信息，选择性接受、处理；
176 //============================================================================================
177 LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
178 {
179 int i;
180
181 switch (message) //判断消息类型,不是WM_QUIT，则循环结束，否则则进行循环
182 {
183 case WM_TIMER: //时间消息
184 MyPaint(hdc);
185 break;
186 case WM_DESTROY: //处理窗口结束消息
187 DeleteDC(mdc);
188 ReleaseDC(hWnd,hdc);
189 for(i=0;i<12;i++)
190 DeleteObject(girl[i]);
191 KillTimer(hWnd,1);
192 PostQuitMessage(0);
193 break;
194 default:
195 return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
196 }
197 return 0;
198 }
199 //============================================================================================
main.cpp
[游戏模版12] Win32 稳定定时
时间： 2024-11-04 06:00:44