Given n items with size Ai, an integer m denotes the size of a backpack. How full you can fill this backpack?
Example
If we have 4
items with size [2, 3, 5, 7]
, the backpack size is 11, we can select [2, 3, 5]
, so that the max size we can fill this backpack is 10
. If the backpack size is 12
. we can select [2, 3, 7]
so that we can fulfill the backpack.
解题思路:
一、申请一块辅助空间,dp[A.length][m+1],dp[i][j]的含义是当只有A[0..i]的物品,且背包容量为j的时候,背包最多能够装多少。
辅助数组dp[i][j]的值的取值方案:(看不懂先看下面案例流程)
1、 容量j < A[i],也就是说背包中不能装A[i]物品,于是dp[i][j] = dp[i-1][j];
2、 容量j > A[i],现在背包中能够装下i物品,于是我们有两种选择方案:
a) 装入A[i]物品,于是我装入i物品以后的背包的容量就只有j-A[i],于是剩下A[0…i-1]物品,以及j-A[i]的背包容量,于是dp[i][j]=A[i]+dp[j-A[i]];
b) 另一种方案就是我能装A[i],但是我不装进去。
于是dp[i][j] = max(dp[i][j], dp[i-A[i]] + A[i])
二、上面的没有看懂没有关系,我们举个例子分析流程以后再回来看。
1、假设A={2,3,4,5},背包size=10,首先申请dp空间,并且选择A[0]物品
0 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
|
2 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
|||||||||||
4 |
|||||||||||
5 |
现在假设就只有物品A[0],size = 2,当背包容量j为0和1的时候,背包容量j < A[0],当背包容量 j > A[0],但是此时只有A[0]物品,所以最多只能装入A[0].
2、假设现在能够选择A[0]和A[1]物品
0 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
|
2 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
4 |
|||||||||||
5 |
当背包容量j为0、1、2的时候,不能j< [i] 所以dp[i][j] = dp[i-1][j],也就是不在背包中装入A[1]物品,那么现在背包中的只可能装入a[0],所以dp[1][j]的状态和dp[0][j]一样。当背包容量 j > A[1],于是dp[i][j]就有两种选择,装入A[1]个不装入A[1],然后选择两种情况下的最大值:dp[i][j] = max(dp[i][j], dp[i-A[i]] + A[i])
3、 假设现在能够选择A[0]、A[1]、A[2]物品
0 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
|
2 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
4 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
9 |
9 |
5 |
4、假设现在能够选择A[0]、A[1]、A[2]、A[3]物品
0 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
|
2 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
4 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
7 |
9 |
9 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
总之更具上面的dp[i][j]的值的决策方案走就能够得出最终结果。
public class Solution { /** * @param m: An integer m denotes the size of a backpack * @param A: Given n items with size A[i] * @return: The maximum size */ public int backPack(int m, int[] A) { if (m <= 0 || A == null || A.length == 0) { return 0; } int len = A.length; int[][] dp = new int[len][m + 1]; for (int i = 0; i <= m; i++) { if (i >= A[0]) dp[0][i] = A[0]; } for (int i = 1; i < len; i++) { for (int j = 0; j <= m; j++) { if (j >= A[i]) { dp[i][j] = Math.max(dp[i - 1][j], dp[i - 1][j - A[i]] + A[i]); } else { dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j]; } } } return dp[len - 1][m]; } public static void main(String[] args) { int m = 10; int[] arr = {3, 4, 8, 5}; int s = new Solution().backPack(m, arr); System.out.println(s); } }
题目二
Given n items with size Ai and value Vi, and a backpack with size m. What‘s the maximum value can you put into the backpack?
Example
Given 4 items with size [2, 3, 5, 7]
and value [1, 5, 2, 4]
, and a backpack with size 10
. The maximum value is 9
.
public class Solution { /** * @param m: An integer m denotes the size of a backpack * @param A & V: Given n items with size A[i] and value V[i] * @return: The maximum value */ public int backPackII(int m, int[] A, int V[]) { if (m <= 0 || A == null || A.length == 0 || V == null || V.length == 0) { return 0; } int len = A.length; int[][] dp = new int[len][m + 1]; for (int i = 0; i <= m; i++) { if (i >= A[0]) dp[0][i] = V[0]; } for (int i = 1; i < len; i++) { for (int j = 0; j <= m; j++) { if (j >= A[i]) { dp[i][j] = Math.max(dp[i - 1][j], dp[i - 1][j - A[i]] + V[i]); } else { dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j]; } } } return dp[len - 1][m]; } }