使用Threading模块创建线程：
threading模块有Thread类实现threading。Thread类提供的方法如下：
run():线程的入口点
start():调用run方法启动线程
join(time):等待线程结束
isAlive():检查一个线程是否仍旧在执行
getName():返回线程的名字
setName():设置一个线程的名字
要使用threading模块实现一个新线程，你得先如下做：
定义Thread类的一个子类。
重写__init__(self,[,args])方法以增加额外的参数
然后，重写run(self[,args])方法以实现线程启动后要做的事情
在你创建新的Thread子类以后，你可以创建它的一个实例，然后引用start()来开启一个新线程，它会依次调用call方法。
1. 一般线程：
例子：
#!/usr/bin/python
import threading
import time
exitFlag = 0
class myThread (threading.Thread):
def __init__(self, threadID, name, counter):
threading.Thread.__init__(self)
self.threadID = threadID
self.name = name
self.counter = counter
def run(self):
print "Starting " + self.name
print_time(self.name, self.counter, 5)
print "Exiting " + self.name
def print_time(threadName, delay, counter):
while counter:
if exitFlag:
thread.exit()
time.sleep(delay)
print "%s: %s" % (threadName, time.ctime(time.time()))
counter -= 1
# Create new threads
thread1 = myThread(1, "Thread-1", 1)
thread2 = myThread(2, "Thread-2", 2)
# Start new Threads
thread1.start()
thread2.start()
print "Exiting Main Thread"
2. 同步线程：
Python提供的threading模块包括一个易于实现的锁定机制，以允许你同步线程。创建一个新锁通过调用Lock()实现，它也返回这个新锁。
新锁对象的accquire(blocking)方法，用来强制线程同步运行。可选的blocking参数使你能够控制线程是否请求锁。
如果blocking设置为0，线程在不能获取锁时立即返回0值；而blocking设置为1时，线程获取锁以后返回1值。如果blocking设置为1，线程将会阻塞，一直等到锁释放。
新锁对象的release()方法用来释放不再需要的锁。
例子：
#!/usr/bin/python
import threading
import time
class myThread (threading.Thread):
def __init__(self, threadID, name, counter):
threading.Thread.__init__(self)
self.threadID = threadID
self.name = name
self.counter = counter
def run(self):
print "Starting " + self.name
# Get lock to synchronize threads
threadLock.acquire()
print_time(self.name, self.counter, 3)
# Free lock to release next thread
threadLock.release()
def print_time(threadName, delay, counter):
while counter:
time.sleep(delay)
print "%s: %s" % (threadName, time.ctime(time.time()))
counter -= 1
threadLock = threading.Lock()
threads = []
# Create new threads
thread1 = myThread(1, "Thread-1", 1)
thread2 = myThread(2, "Thread-2", 2)
# Start new Threads
thread1.start()
thread2.start()
# Add threads to thread list
threads.append(thread1)
threads.append(thread2)
# Wait for all threads to complete
for t in threads:
t.join()
print "Exiting Main Thread"
3. 多线程优先级队列：
Queue模块允许你创建一个新的队列对象，以盛放一定数量的项目。
控制Queue有以下方法：
get():从队列移除一个项目并返回它
put():把项目放入队列
qsize():返回当前队列中项目的数量
empty():如果队列为空，返回True，反之为False
full():如果队列满了返回True，反之为False
例子：
#!/usr/bin/python
import Queue
import threading
import time
exitFlag = 0
class myThread (threading.Thread):
def __init__(self, threadID, name, q):
threading.Thread.__init__(self)
self.threadID = threadID
self.name = name
self.q = q
def run(self):
print "Starting " + self.name
process_data(self.name, self.q)
print "Exiting " + self.name
def process_data(threadName, q):
while not exitFlag:
queueLock.acquire()
if not workQueue.empty():
data = q.get()
queueLock.release()
print "%s processing %s" % (threadName, data)
else:
queueLock.release()
time.sleep(1)
threadList = ["Thread-1", "Thread-2", "Thread-3"]
nameList = ["One", "Two", "Three", "Four", "Five"]
queueLock = threading.Lock()
workQueue = Queue.Queue(10)
threads = []
threadID = 1
# Create new threads
for tName in threadList:
thread = myThread(threadID, tName, workQueue)
thread.start()
threads.append(thread)
threadID += 1
# Fill the queue
queueLock.acquire()
for word in nameList:
workQueue.put(word)
queueLock.release()
# Wait for queue to empty
while not workQueue.empty():
pass
# Notify threads it‘s time to exit
exitFlag = 1
# Wait for all threads to complete
for t in threads:
t.join()
print "Exiting Main Thread"