通过excel的导入导出练习,使用NPOI组件还是方便一点,所有下面就以NPOI下的导入导出给出实例,通过网页导入excel表,首先上传,再导入数据到库,这里为了方便就不导入到库中了,直接拿到数据。导出方法比较多。
第一步下载NPOI组件,并在VS中导入dll.
第二步:为了方便,把功能提取成方法:
1 集合与DataTable间的相互转换创建类
public static class DataTableTool { /// <summary> /// 转化一个DataTable /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam> /// <param name="list"></param> /// <returns></returns> public static DataTable ToDataTable<T>(this IEnumerable<T> list) { //创建属性的集合 List<PropertyInfo> pList = new List<PropertyInfo>(); //获得反射的入口 Type type = typeof(T); DataTable dt = new DataTable(); //把所有的public属性加入到集合 并添加DataTable的列 Array.ForEach<PropertyInfo>(type.GetProperties(), p => { pList.Add(p); dt.Columns.Add(p.Name, p.PropertyType); }); foreach (var item in list) { //创建一个DataRow实例 DataRow row = dt.NewRow(); //给row 赋值 pList.ForEach(p => row[p.Name] = p.GetValue(item, null)); //加入到DataTable dt.Rows.Add(row); } return dt; } /// <summary> /// DataTable 转换为List 集合 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="TResult">类型</typeparam> /// <param name="dt">DataTable</param> /// <returns></returns> public static List<T> ToList<T>(this DataTable dt) where T : class, new() { //创建一个属性的列表 List<PropertyInfo> prlist = new List<PropertyInfo>(); //获取TResult的类型实例 反射的入口 Type t = typeof(T); //获得TResult 的所有的Public 属性 并找出TResult属性和DataTable的列名称相同的属性(PropertyInfo) 并加入到属性列表 Array.ForEach<PropertyInfo>(t.GetProperties(), p => { if (dt.Columns.IndexOf(p.Name) != -1) prlist.Add(p); }); //创建返回的集合 List<T> oblist = new List<T>(); foreach (DataRow row in dt.Rows) { //创建TResult的实例 T ob = new T(); //找到对应的数据 并赋值 prlist.ForEach(p => { if (row[p.Name] != DBNull.Value) p.SetValue(ob, row[p.Name], null); }); //放入到返回的集合中. oblist.Add(ob); } return oblist; } /// <summary> /// 将集合类转换成DataTable /// </summary> /// <param name="list">集合</param> /// <returns></returns> public static DataTable ToDataTableTow(IList list) { DataTable result = new DataTable(); if (list.Count > 0) { PropertyInfo[] propertys = list[0].GetType().GetProperties(); foreach (PropertyInfo pi in propertys) { result.Columns.Add(pi.Name, pi.PropertyType); } for (int i = 0; i < list.Count; i++) { ArrayList tempList = new ArrayList(); foreach (PropertyInfo pi in propertys) { object obj = pi.GetValue(list[i], null); tempList.Add(obj); } object[] array = tempList.ToArray(); result.LoadDataRow(array, true); } } return result; } /**/ /// <summary> /// 将泛型集合类转换成DataTable /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T">集合项类型</typeparam> /// <param name="list">集合</param> /// <returns>数据集(表)</returns> public static DataTable ToDataTable<T>(IList<T> list) { return ToDataTable<T>(list, null); } /**/ /// <summary> /// 将泛型集合类转换成DataTable /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T">集合项类型</typeparam> /// <param name="list">集合</param> /// <param name="propertyName">需要返回的列的列名</param> /// <returns>数据集(表)</returns> public static DataTable ToDataTable<T>(IList<T> list, params string[] propertyName) { List<string> propertyNameList = new List<string>(); if (propertyName != null) propertyNameList.AddRange(propertyName); DataTable result = new DataTable(); if (list.Count > 0) { PropertyInfo[] propertys = list[0].GetType().GetProperties(); foreach (PropertyInfo pi in propertys) { if (propertyNameList.Count == 0) { result.Columns.Add(pi.Name, pi.PropertyType); } else { if (propertyNameList.Contains(pi.Name)) result.Columns.Add(pi.Name, pi.PropertyType); } } for (int i = 0; i < list.Count; i++) { ArrayList tempList = new ArrayList(); foreach (PropertyInfo pi in propertys) { if (propertyNameList.Count == 0) { object obj = pi.GetValue(list[i], null); tempList.Add(obj); } else { if (propertyNameList.Contains(pi.Name)) { object obj = pi.GetValue(list[i], null); tempList.Add(obj); } } } object[] array = tempList.ToArray(); result.LoadDataRow(array, true); } } return result; } }
2 excel导入导出类
public static class ExcelTool { /// <summary> /// 将excel中的数据导入到DataTable中 /// </summary> /// <param name="isFirstRowColumn">第一行是否是DataTable的列名</param> /// <param name="fileName">文件路径</param> /// <param name="sheetName">excel工作薄sheet的名称</param> /// <returns>返回的DataTable</returns> public static DataTable ExcelToDataTable(bool isFirstRowColumn, string fileName, string sheetName = "") { if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(fileName)) { throw new ArgumentNullException(fileName); } var data = new DataTable(); IWorkbook workbook = null; FileStream fs = null; try { fs = new FileStream(fileName, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read); if (fileName.IndexOf(".xlsx", StringComparison.Ordinal) > 0) { workbook = new XSSFWorkbook(fs); } else if (fileName.IndexOf(".xls", StringComparison.Ordinal) > 0) { workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(fs); } ISheet sheet = null; if (workbook != null) { //如果没有找到指定的sheetName对应的sheet,则尝试获取第一个sheet if (sheetName == "") { sheet = workbook.GetSheetAt(0); } else { sheet = workbook.GetSheet(sheetName) ?? workbook.GetSheetAt(0); } } if (sheet == null) return data; var firstRow = sheet.GetRow(0); //一行最后一个cell的编号 即总的列数 int cellCount = firstRow.LastCellNum; int startRow; if (isFirstRowColumn) { for (int i = firstRow.FirstCellNum; i < cellCount; ++i) { var cell = firstRow.GetCell(i); var cellValue = cell.StringCellValue; if (cellValue == null) continue; var column = new DataColumn(cellValue); data.Columns.Add(column); } startRow = sheet.FirstRowNum + 1; } else { startRow = sheet.FirstRowNum; } //最后一列的标号 var rowCount = sheet.LastRowNum; for (var i = startRow; i <= rowCount; ++i) { var row = sheet.GetRow(i); //没有数据的行默认是null if (row == null) continue; var dataRow = data.NewRow(); for (int j = row.FirstCellNum; j < cellCount; ++j) { //同理,没有数据的单元格都默认是null if (row.GetCell(j) != null) dataRow[j] = row.GetCell(j).ToString(); } data.Rows.Add(dataRow); } return data; } catch (IOException ioex) { throw new IOException(ioex.Message); } catch (Exception ex) { throw new Exception(ex.Message); } finally { if (fs != null) { fs.Close(); } } } /// <summary> /// 将DataTable数据导入到excel中 /// </summary> /// <param name="data">要导入的数据</param> /// <param name="isColumnWritten">DataTable的列名是否要导入</param> /// <param name="sheetName">要导入的excel的sheet的名称</param> /// <param name="fileName">文件夹路径</param> /// <returns>导入数据行数(包含列名那一行)</returns> public static int DataTableToExcel(DataTable data, string sheetName, bool isColumnWritten, string fileName) { if (data == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("data"); } if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(sheetName)) { throw new ArgumentNullException(sheetName); } if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(fileName)) { throw new ArgumentNullException(fileName); } IWorkbook workbook = null; if (fileName.IndexOf(".xlsx", StringComparison.Ordinal) > 0) { workbook = new XSSFWorkbook(); } else if (fileName.IndexOf(".xls", StringComparison.Ordinal) > 0) { workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(); } FileStream fs = null; try { fs = new FileStream(fileName, FileMode.OpenOrCreate, FileAccess.ReadWrite); ISheet sheet; if (workbook != null) { sheet = workbook.CreateSheet(sheetName); } else { return -1; } int j; int count; //写入DataTable的列名,写入单元格中 if (isColumnWritten) { var row = sheet.CreateRow(0); for (j = 0; j < data.Columns.Count; ++j) { row.CreateCell(j).SetCellValue(data.Columns[j].ColumnName); } count = 1; } else { count = 0; } //遍历循环datatable具体数据项 int i; for (i = 0; i < data.Rows.Count; ++i) { var row = sheet.CreateRow(count); for (j = 0; j < data.Columns.Count; ++j) { row.CreateCell(j).SetCellValue(data.Rows[i][j].ToString()); } ++count; } //将文件流写入到excel workbook.Write(fs); return count; } catch (IOException ioex) { throw new IOException(ioex.Message); } catch (Exception ex) { throw new Exception(ex.Message); } finally { if (fs != null) { fs.Close(); } } } }
第三步:下面开始做一个很简单的网页来展示导入与导出,还有数据的显示页面。页面中使用Vue
@{ Layout = null; } <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" /> <title>Index</title> <script src="~/Scripts/jquery-3.2.1.min.js"></script> <script src="~/Scripts/vue.js"></script> <script src="~/Scripts/axios.min.js"></script> <style> td{ padding:1rem; } </style> </head> <body > <div id="app"> <form id="myform"> <table border="1"> <tr> <td>导入</td> <td> <input type="file" name="fileup" id="fileup" v-on:change="fileChange()" style="display:none"/> <img src="/content/images/upload.png" v-on:click="upclick()"> </td> </tr> </table> </form> <table> <tr v-for="item in list"> <td>{{item.No}}</td> <td>{{item.Name}}</td> <td>{{item.Age}}</td> <td>{{item.Sex}}</td> </tr> </table> <br /> <a href="/home/export">转成excel</a> </div> <script> var app = new Vue({ el: "#app", data: { list: [], }, methods: { downExcel: function () { $.post("", {},function (res) { }); }, upclick:function(){ document.getElementById("fileup").click(); }, fileChange: function () { if (!document.getElementById("fileup").files[0].size) return; var obj = new FormData(document.getElementById("myform")); obj.append("name", "wzh"); var _this = this; $.ajax({ type: ‘post‘, url: ‘/home/Import‘, data: obj, cache: false, processData: false, // 不处理发送的数据,因为data值是Formdata对象,不需要对数据做处理 contentType: false, // 不设置Content-type请求头 success: function (data) { if (data != "no") { _this.list = data; } else { alert(data); } }, }); }, } }) </script> </body> </html>
第四步:actionresult的完成
上传与导入:
public ActionResult Import() { try { HttpPostedFileBase uploadfile = Request.Files["fileup"]; if (uploadfile == null) { return Content("no:非法上传"); } if (uploadfile.FileName == "") { return Content("no:请选择文件"); } string fileExt = Path.GetExtension(uploadfile.FileName); StringBuilder sbtime = new StringBuilder(); sbtime.Append(DateTime.Now.Year).Append(DateTime.Now.Month).Append(DateTime.Now.Day).Append(DateTime.Now.Hour).Append(DateTime.Now.Minute).Append(DateTime.Now.Second); string dir = "/UploadFile/" + sbtime.ToString() + fileExt; string realfilepath = Request.MapPath(dir); string readDir = Path.GetDirectoryName(realfilepath); if (!Directory.Exists(readDir)) Directory.CreateDirectory(readDir); uploadfile.SaveAs(realfilepath); //提取数据 var dt =ExcelTool.ExcelToDataTable(true, realfilepath); List<User> list = new List<User>(); foreach (DataRow item in dt.Rows) { list.Add(new User() { No = Convert.ToInt32(item[0]), Name = item[1].ToString(), Age = Convert.ToInt32(item[2]), Sex = item[3].ToString() }); } return Json(list,JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet); } catch (Exception ex) { return Content(ex.Message); } }
导出:
public ActionResult export() { var path = Server.MapPath(@"/content/user.xlsx"); var dt = ExcelTool.ExcelToDataTable(true, path); List<User> list = new List<User>(); foreach (DataRow item in dt.Rows) { list.Add(new User() { No = Convert.ToInt32(item[0]), Name = item[1].ToString(), Age = Convert.ToInt32(item[2]), Sex = item[3].ToString() }); } //datatable //DataTable d = new DataTable(); //d.Columns.Add("No"); //d.Columns.Add("Name"); //d.Columns.Add("Age"); //d.Columns.Add("Sex"); //foreach (var item in list) //{ // d.NewRow(); // d.Rows.Add(new object[]{item.No,item.Name,item.Age,item.Sex}); //} //创建生成的excel的名称 StringBuilder sbtime = new StringBuilder(); sbtime.Append(DateTime.Now.Year).Append(DateTime.Now.Month).Append(DateTime.Now.Day).Append(DateTime.Now.Hour).Append(DateTime.Now.Minute).Append(DateTime.Now.Second); var d = DataTableTool.ToDataTableTow(list); var url = "/downfile/"+sbtime+".xls"; var newpath = Server.MapPath(url); ExcelTool.DataTableToExcel(d, "aa", true, newpath); //取到生成的名称 var name=Path.GetFileName(newpath); return File(newpath, "application/vnd.ms-excel",name); }
这样就完成此次的功能,下面补充几个知识点,
1、File中的参数contentType有
扩展名 | 类型/子类型 |
---|---|
application/octet-stream | |
323 | text/h323 |
acx | application/internet-property-stream |
ai | application/postscript |
aif | audio/x-aiff |
aifc | audio/x-aiff |
aiff | audio/x-aiff |
asf | video/x-ms-asf |
asr | video/x-ms-asf |
asx | video/x-ms-asf |
au | audio/basic |
avi | video/x-msvideo |
axs | application/olescript |
bas | text/plain |
bcpio | application/x-bcpio |
bin | application/octet-stream |
bmp | image/bmp |
c | text/plain |
cat | application/vnd.ms-pkiseccat |
cdf | application/x-cdf |
cer | application/x-x509-ca-cert |
class | application/octet-stream |
clp | application/x-msclip |
cmx | image/x-cmx |
cod | image/cis-cod |
cpio | application/x-cpio |
crd | application/x-mscardfile |
crl | application/pkix-crl |
crt | application/x-x509-ca-cert |
csh | application/x-csh |
css | text/css |
dcr | application/x-director |
der | application/x-x509-ca-cert |
dir | application/x-director |
dll | application/x-msdownload |
dms | application/octet-stream |
doc | application/msword |
dot | application/msword |
dvi | application/x-dvi |
dxr | application/x-director |
eps | application/postscript |
etx | text/x-setext |
evy | application/envoy |
exe | application/octet-stream |
fif | application/fractals |
flr | x-world/x-vrml |
gif | image/gif |
gtar | application/x-gtar |
gz | application/x-gzip |
h | text/plain |
hdf | application/x-hdf |
hlp | application/winhlp |
hqx | application/mac-binhex40 |
hta | application/hta |
htc | text/x-component |
htm | text/html |
html | text/html |
htt | text/webviewhtml |
ico | image/x-icon |
ief | image/ief |
iii | application/x-iphone |
ins | application/x-internet-signup |
isp | application/x-internet-signup |
jfif | image/pipeg |
jpe | image/jpeg |
jpeg | image/jpeg |
jpg | image/jpeg |
js | application/x-javascript |
latex | application/x-latex |
lha | application/octet-stream |
lsf | video/x-la-asf |
lsx | video/x-la-asf |
lzh | application/octet-stream |
m13 | application/x-msmediaview |
m14 | application/x-msmediaview |
m3u | audio/x-mpegurl |
man | application/x-troff-man |
mdb | application/x-msaccess |
me | application/x-troff-me |
mht | message/rfc822 |
mhtml | message/rfc822 |
mid | audio/mid |
mny | application/x-msmoney |
mov | video/quicktime |
movie | video/x-sgi-movie |
mp2 | video/mpeg |
mp3 | audio/mpeg |
mpa | video/mpeg |
mpe | video/mpeg |
mpeg | video/mpeg |
mpg | video/mpeg |
mpp | application/vnd.ms-project |
mpv2 | video/mpeg |
ms | application/x-troff-ms |
mvb | application/x-msmediaview |
nws | message/rfc822 |
oda | application/oda |
p10 | application/pkcs10 |
p12 | application/x-pkcs12 |
p7b | application/x-pkcs7-certificates |
p7c | application/x-pkcs7-mime |
p7m | application/x-pkcs7-mime |
p7r | application/x-pkcs7-certreqresp |
p7s | application/x-pkcs7-signature |
pbm | image/x-portable-bitmap |
application/pdf | |
pfx | application/x-pkcs12 |
pgm | image/x-portable-graymap |
pko | application/ynd.ms-pkipko |
pma | application/x-perfmon |
pmc | application/x-perfmon |
pml | application/x-perfmon |
pmr | application/x-perfmon |
pmw | application/x-perfmon |
pnm | image/x-portable-anymap |
pot, | application/vnd.ms-powerpoint |
ppm | image/x-portable-pixmap |
pps | application/vnd.ms-powerpoint |
ppt | application/vnd.ms-powerpoint |
prf | application/pics-rules |
ps | application/postscript |
pub | application/x-mspublisher |
qt | video/quicktime |
ra | audio/x-pn-realaudio |
ram | audio/x-pn-realaudio |
ras | image/x-cmu-raster |
rgb | image/x-rgb |
rmi | audio/mid |
roff | application/x-troff |
rtf | application/rtf |
rtx | text/richtext |
scd | application/x-msschedule |
sct | text/scriptlet |
setpay | application/set-payment-initiation |
setreg | application/set-registration-initiation |
sh | application/x-sh |
shar | application/x-shar |
sit | application/x-stuffit |
snd | audio/basic |
spc | application/x-pkcs7-certificates |
spl | application/futuresplash |
src | application/x-wais-source |
sst | application/vnd.ms-pkicertstore |
stl | application/vnd.ms-pkistl |
stm | text/html |
svg | image/svg+xml |
sv4cpio | application/x-sv4cpio |
sv4crc | application/x-sv4crc |
swf | application/x-shockwave-flash |
t | application/x-troff |
tar | application/x-tar |
tcl | application/x-tcl |
tex | application/x-tex |
texi | application/x-texinfo |
texinfo | application/x-texinfo |
tgz | application/x-compressed |
tif | image/tiff |
tiff | image/tiff |
tr | application/x-troff |
trm | application/x-msterminal |
tsv | text/tab-separated-values |
txt | text/plain |
uls | text/iuls |
ustar | application/x-ustar |
vcf | text/x-vcard |
vrml | x-world/x-vrml |
wav | audio/x-wav |
wcm | application/vnd.ms-works |
wdb | application/vnd.ms-works |
wks | application/vnd.ms-works |
wmf | application/x-msmetafile |
wps | application/vnd.ms-works |
wri | application/x-mswrite |
wrl | x-world/x-vrml |
wrz | x-world/x-vrml |
xaf | x-world/x-vrml |
xbm | image/x-xbitmap |
xla | application/vnd.ms-excel |
xlc | application/vnd.ms-excel |
xlm | application/vnd.ms-excel |
xls | application/vnd.ms-excel |
xlt | application/vnd.ms-excel |
xlw | application/vnd.ms-excel |
xof | x-world/x-vrml |
xpm | image/x-xpixmap |
xwd | image/x-xwindowdump |
z | application/x-compress |
zip | application/zip |
2、导出方法还有:
public FileResult ExportExcel() { var sbHtml = new StringBuilder(); sbHtml.Append("<table border=‘1‘ cellspacing=‘0‘ cellpadding=‘0‘>"); sbHtml.Append("<tr>"); var lstTitle = new List<string> { "编号", "姓名", "年龄", "创建时间" }; foreach (var item in lstTitle) { sbHtml.AppendFormat("<td style=‘font-size: 14px;text-align:center;background-color: #DCE0E2; font-weight:bold;‘ height=‘25‘>{0}</td>", item); } sbHtml.Append("</tr>"); for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) { sbHtml.Append("<tr>"); sbHtml.AppendFormat("<td style=‘font-size: 12px;height:20px;‘>{0}</td>", i); sbHtml.AppendFormat("<td style=‘font-size: 12px;height:20px;‘>屌丝{0}号</td>", i); sbHtml.AppendFormat("<td style=‘font-size: 12px;height:20px;‘>{0}</td>", new Random().Next(20, 30) + i); sbHtml.AppendFormat("<td style=‘font-size: 12px;height:20px;‘>{0}</td>", DateTime.Now); sbHtml.Append("</tr>"); } sbHtml.Append("</table>"); //第一种:使用FileContentResult byte[] fileContents = Encoding.Default.GetBytes(sbHtml.ToString()); return File(fileContents, "application/ms-excel", "fileContents.xls"); //第二种:使用FileStreamResult var fileStream = new MemoryStream(fileContents); return File(fileStream, "application/ms-excel", "fileStream.xls"); //第三种:使用FilePathResult //服务器上首先必须要有这个Excel文件,然会通过Server.MapPath获取路径返回. var fileName = Server.MapPath("~/Files/fileName.xls"); return File(fileName, "application/ms-excel", "fileName.xls"); }
导出文件名有问题可以看这里
http://blog.csdn.net/denghejing/article/details/60753205
时间: 2024-11-06 07:36:06