- Filter简介
- 从功能角度来说，Filter能做什么？
- 从API角度来说，如何实现Filter？
- 从原理角度来说，Filter是如何实现拦截的？
- Filter生命周期和Filter链
- Filter生命周期的三个方法：init、doFilter和destory
- Filter链及其调用顺序
- Filter高级开发
- HttpServletRequestWrapper
- HttpServletResponseWrapper
- 动态代理
- Filter映射
- Filter案例
3、Filter高级开发
由于开发人员在filter中可以得到代表用户请求和响应的request、response对象，因此在编程中可以使用Decorator(装饰器)模式对request、response对象进行包装，再把包装对象传给目标资源，从而实现一些特殊需求。
3.1、HttpServletRequestWrapper
HttpServletRequestWrapper类，全名是javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper，它是对HttpServletRequest的一种（装饰模式）实现，便于程序开发者进行扩展。
Servlet API 中提供了一个request对象的Decorator设计模式的默认实现类HttpServletRequestWrapper ， （HttpServletRequestWrapper 类实现了request 接口中的所有方法，但这些方法的内部实现都是仅仅调用了一下所包装的的 request 对象的对应方法）以避免用户在对request对象进行增强时需要实现request接口中的所有方法。
用装饰模式解决GET和POST请求编码的问题
CharacterEncodingFilter.java
package com.rk.filter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class CharacterEncodingFilter implements Filter
{
private FilterConfig filterConfig;
@Override
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException
{
this.filterConfig = filterConfig;
}
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse resp, FilterChain chain) throws IOException,ServletException
{
HttpServletRequest request;
HttpServletResponse response;
try
{
request = (HttpServletRequest) req;
response = (HttpServletResponse) resp;
}
catch (Exception e)
{
throw new RuntimeException("non-http request or response");
}
String encoding = this.filterConfig.getInitParameter("encoding");
if(encoding == null)
encoding = "UTF-8";
request.setCharacterEncoding(encoding);//解决POST请求参数编码
response.setCharacterEncoding(encoding);//更改响应字符流使用的编码
response.setContentType("text/html;charset="+encoding);//更改响应字符流使用的编码，还能告知浏览器用什么格式进行显示
CharacterEncodingHttpServletRequest myRequest = new CharacterEncodingHttpServletRequest(request);
chain.doFilter(myRequest, response);
}
@Override
public void destroy()
{
}
}
/**
* 使用“装饰模式”定义自己的处理GET请求中字符编码的问题
* @author lsieun
*
*/
class CharacterEncodingHttpServletRequest extends HttpServletRequestWrapper
{
/**
* 构造方法
*/
public CharacterEncodingHttpServletRequest(HttpServletRequest request)
{
super(request);
}
@Override
public String getParameter(String name)
{
String value = super.getParameter(name);
if(value == null) return value;
//如果是GET请求，则进行转码
if("GET".equalsIgnoreCase(super.getMethod()))
{
try
{
byte[] bytes = value.getBytes("ISO-8859-1");
value = new String(bytes,super.getCharacterEncoding());
}
catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e)
{
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
return value;
}
}
web.xml中的配置
<filter> <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>com.rk.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>utf-8</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping>
3.2、HttpServletResponseWrapper
HttpServletResponseWrapper类，全名是javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponseWrapper，它是对HttpServletResponse的一种（装饰模式）实现，便于程序开发者进行扩展。
Servlet API 中提供了response对象的Decorator设计模式的默认实现类HttpServletResponseWrapper ， （HttpServletResponseWrapper类实现了response接口中的所有方法，但这些方法的内部实现都是仅仅调用了一下所包装的的 response对象的对应方法）以避免用户在对response对象进行增强时需要实现response接口中的所有方法。
用户装饰模式对响应的内容进行GZIP格式压缩
GZipFilter.java
package com.rk.filter;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.zip.GZIPOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponseWrapper;
public class GZipFilter implements Filter
{
@Override
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException
{
}
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse resp, FilterChain chain) throws IOException,ServletException
{
HttpServletRequest request;
HttpServletResponse response;
try
{
request = (HttpServletRequest) req;
response = (HttpServletResponse) resp;
}
catch (Exception e)
{
throw new RuntimeException("non-http request or response");
}
MyHttpServletResponse myResponse = new MyHttpServletResponse(response);
chain.doFilter(request, myResponse);
byte[] bytes = myResponse.getOldData();//获取原始数据是问题关键
System.out.println("压缩前：" + bytes.length);
//GZIP压缩
ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();//内存字节缓存输出流
GZIPOutputStream gzipOutputStream = new GZIPOutputStream(out);
gzipOutputStream.write(bytes);//压缩后的数据写到了ByteArrayOutputStream中了
gzipOutputStream.close();
//取出压缩后的数据
bytes = out.toByteArray();
System.out.println("压缩后：" + bytes.length);
//告知客户端正文的压缩方式：gzip
response.setHeader("Content-Encoding", "gzip");
response.setContentLength(bytes.length);//响应消息头,告知客户端正文的长度
response.getOutputStream().write(bytes);
}
@Override
public void destroy()
{
}
}
class MyHttpServletResponse extends HttpServletResponseWrapper
{
private ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
private PrintWriter printWriter = null;
public MyHttpServletResponse(HttpServletResponse response)
{
super(response);
}
@Override
public PrintWriter getWriter() throws IOException
{
printWriter = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(outputStream,super.getCharacterEncoding()));
return printWriter;
}
@Override
public ServletOutputStream getOutputStream() throws IOException
{
return new MyServletOutputStream(outputStream);
}
public byte[] getOldData()
{
if(printWriter != null)
{
printWriter.close();
}
try
{
outputStream.flush();
}
catch (IOException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
return outputStream.toByteArray();
}
}
class MyServletOutputStream extends ServletOutputStream
{
private ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream;
public MyServletOutputStream(ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream)
{
this.outputStream = outputStream;
}
@Override
public void write(int b) throws IOException
{
this.outputStream.write(b);
}
}
web.xml中的配置
<filter> <filter-name>GZipFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>com.rk.filter.GZipFilter</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>GZipFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping>
相关类：
ByteArrayOutputStream类 全名：java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream （1）这是一个输出流（an output stream），可以将数据（data）转换成字节数组（a byte array）。 This class implements an output stream in which the data is written into a byte array. （2）它的缓冲区（buffer）随着数据（data）的写入而不断增长。 The buffer automatically grows as data is written to it. （3）可以通过toByteArray()或toString()方法得到数据（data）。 The data can be retrieved using toByteArray() and toString(). （4）对ByteArrayOutputStream进行关闭，是没有效果的。 Closing a ByteArrayOutputStream has no effect. The methods in this class can be called after the stream has been closed without generating an IOException.
GZIPOutputStream类 全名：java.util.zip.GZIPOutputStream This class implements a stream filter for writing compressed data in the GZIP file format.
3.3、动态代理
用动态代理解决GET和POST请求编码的问题
EncodingFilter.java
package com.rk.filter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
/**
*编码处理统一写到EncodingFilter中(servlet中不需要再处理编码)
*/
public class EncodingFilter implements Filter
{
//1. 定义私有成员变量filterConfig
private FilterConfig filterConfig = null;
@Override
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException
{
//2.在init方法中获取FilterConfig对象
this.filterConfig = filterConfig;
}
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse resp, FilterChain chain) throws IOException,ServletException
{
//3. 从filter配置中获取encoding参数
String characterEncoding = filterConfig.getInitParameter("encoding");
if(characterEncoding == null)
{
characterEncoding = "UTF-8";
}
final HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) req;
HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) resp;
final String encoding = characterEncoding;
request.setCharacterEncoding(encoding);//解决POST请求参数编码
response.setCharacterEncoding(encoding);//更改响应字符流使用的编码
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=" + encoding);//更改响应字符流使用的编码，还能告知浏览器用什么格式进行显示
//4. 创建动态代理：处理GET请求参数的编码问题
HttpServletRequest proxy = (HttpServletRequest)Proxy.newProxyInstance(
request.getClass().getClassLoader(), // 指定当前使用的类加载器
new Class[]{HttpServletRequest.class}, // 对目标对象实现的接口类型
new InvocationHandler() // 事件处理器
{
@Override
public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable
{
// 定义方法返回值
Object result = null;
// 获取方法名
String methodName = method.getName();
// 判断：对getParameter方法进行GET提交中文处理
if("getParameter".equals(methodName) && request.getMethod()=="GET")
{
String str = request.getParameter(args[0].toString());
if(str == null || str.equals(""))
{
result = str;
}
else
{
result = new String(str.getBytes("ISO8859-1"),encoding);
}
}
else
{
result = method.invoke(request, args);
}
return result;
}
});
// 5.放行 (执行下一个过滤器或者servlet)
chain.doFilter(proxy, response); // 传入代理对象
}
@Override
public void destroy()
{
}
}
web.xml中的配置
<filter> <filter-name>EncodingFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>com.rk.filter.EncodingFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>utf-8</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>EncodingFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping>
3.4、Filter配置和映射
Filter配置
<filter-name>用于为过滤器指定一个名字，该元素的内容不能为空。 <filter-class>元素用于指定过滤器的完整的限定类名。 <init-param>元素用于为过滤器指定初始化参数，它的子元素<param-name>指定参数的名字，<param-value>指定参数的值。在过滤器中，可以使用FilterConfig接口对象来访问初始化参数。
Filter映射
<filter-mapping>元素用于设置一个 Filter 所负责拦截的资源。一个Filter拦截的资源可通过两种方式来指定：Servlet 名称和资源访问的请求路径 <filter-name>子元素用于设置filter的注册名称。该值必须是在<filter>元素中声明过的过滤器的名字 <url-pattern>设置 filter 所拦截的请求路径(过滤器关联的URL样式) <dispatcher>指定过滤器所拦截的资源被 Servlet 容器调用的方式，可以是REQUEST,INCLUDE,FORWARD和ERROR之一，默认REQUEST。用户可以设置多个<dispatcher> 子元素用来指定 Filter 对资源的多种调用方式进行拦截。
<url-pattern>的一些示例：
1. 拦截所有 <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> 2. 拦截jsp <!-- 拦截指定的jsp --> <url-pattern>/index.jsp</url-pattern> <url-pattern>/list.jsp</url-pattern> <!-- 拦截所有的jsp --> <url-pattern>*.jsp</url-pattern> 3. 拦截servlet <!-- 根据servlet的内部名称拦截 --> <servlet-name>IndexServlet</servlet-name> <!-- 拦截指定的servlet --> <url-pattern>/index</url-pattern> 4. 指定拦截指定的类型 <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> <!-- 拦截直接访问的请求或者重定向的资源 --> <dispatcher>REQUEST</dispatcher> <dispatcher>FORWARD</dispatcher>
<dispatcher> 子元素可以设置的值及其意义：
REQUEST：当用户直接访问页面时，Web容器将会调用过滤器。如果目标资源是通过RequestDispatcher的include()或forward()方法访问时，那么该过滤器就不会被调用。 INCLUDE：如果目标资源是通过RequestDispatcher的include()方法访问时，那么该过滤器将被调用。除此之外，该过滤器不会被调用。 FORWARD：如果目标资源是通过RequestDispatcher的forward()方法访问时，那么该过滤器将被调用，除此之外，该过滤器不会被调用。 ERROR：如果目标资源是通过声明式异常处理机制调用时，那么该过滤器将被调用。除此之外，过滤器不会被调用。
4、Filter案例
4.1、根据Cookie自动登录
AutoLoginFilter.java
package com.rk.filter;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import sun.misc.BASE64Decoder;
/**
* @author lsieun
*用户自动登录的过滤器：这个过滤器，无论用户登录与否，都会放行；其重点是对带有用户登录信息的Cookie进行处理
* 1、如果用户已经登录（Session当中有用户记录），则不对Cookie进行处理
* 2、如果用户没有登录（Session当中没有用户记录）
* 2.1、如果Cookie中含有用户登录信息，则进行登录
* 2.2、如果没有用户登录信息，则不进行处理
*/
public class AutoLoginFilter implements Filter
{
@Override
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException
{
}
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse resp, FilterChain chain) throws IOException,ServletException
{
HttpServletRequest request;
HttpServletResponse response;
try{
request = (HttpServletRequest)req;
response = (HttpServletResponse)resp;
}catch(Exception e){
throw new RuntimeException("non-http request or response");
}
//获取Session
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
//如果在Session中找不到用户登录信息，则查找Cookie
if(session.getAttribute("loginInfo") == null)
{
Cookie[] cookies = request.getCookies();
if(cookies != null)
{
for(Cookie cookie : cookies)
{
//如果Cookie中包含用户登录信息，则自动登录
if("loginInfo".equals(cookie.getName()))
{
String value = cookie.getValue();
BASE64Decoder base64 = new BASE64Decoder();
String username = new String(base64.decodeBuffer(value));
request.getSession().setAttribute("loginInfo", username);//将用户信息保存到Session中
break;
}
}
}
}
chain.doFilter(request, response);
}
@Override
public void destroy()
{
}
}
web.xml中的配置
<filter> <filter-name>AutoLoginFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>com.rk.filter.AutoLoginFilter</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>AutoLoginFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping>
LoginServelt.java
package com.rk.servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import sun.misc.BASE64Encoder;
public class LoginServelt extends HttpServlet
{
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException
{
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
String username = request.getParameter("username");
String password = request.getParameter("password");
String uri = request.getParameter("uri");
if("小明".equals(username) && "123456".equals(password))
{
request.getSession().setAttribute("loginInfo", username);
//将用户名进行BASE64编码
BASE64Encoder base64 = new BASE64Encoder();
String base64Str = base64.encode(username.getBytes());
//生成Cookie，并保存到response当中
Cookie cookie = new Cookie("loginInfo", base64Str);
cookie.setMaxAge(60 * 60);
response.addCookie(cookie);
//是否进行URL跳转
if(uri != null && !uri.equals(""))
{
response.sendRedirect(uri);
}
else
{
response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath() + "/main.jsp");
}
}
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException
{
this.doGet(request, response);
}
}
4.2、判断用户是否登录
AuthenticationFilter.java
package com.rk.filter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
/**
* 登录的过滤器
* 1、如果用户访问的当前资源时不需要登录，则放行
* 2、如果用户访问的当前资源需要登录
* 2.1、如果当前用户已经登录，则放行
* 2.2、如果当前用户没有登录，则跳转至登录页面
*
*/
public class AuthenticationFilter implements Filter
{
private List<String> listOfUnfilterURI = null;
@Override
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException
{
//获取在web.xml中配置的无需登录的资源信息
String unfilterURI = filterConfig.getInitParameter("unfilteredURI");
listOfUnfilterURI = Arrays.asList(unfilterURI.split("\\|")) ;
}
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse resp, FilterChain chain) throws IOException,ServletException
{
HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) req;
HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) resp;
boolean flag = false;//标识是否放行
//得到用户访问的URI
String requestURI = request.getRequestURI();
//1、如果用户访问的当前资源时不需要登录，则放行
if(listOfUnfilterURI != null)
{
for(String str : listOfUnfilterURI)
{
if(requestURI.contains(request.getContextPath() + str))
{
//如果当前资源不需要登录，则将flag设置为true
flag = true;
break;
}
}
}
//2、如果用户访问的当前资源需要登录
if(flag == false)
{
HttpSession session = request.getSession(false);
//2.1、如果当前用户已经登录
if(session !=null && session.getAttribute("loginInfo")!=null)
{
flag = true;
}
//2.2、如果当前用户没有登录(此处不需要写代码，flag默认为false)
}
if(flag)
{
//放行
chain.doFilter(request, response);
}
else
{
//跳转至登录页面
request.setAttribute("uri", requestURI);
request.getRequestDispatcher("login.jsp").forward(request, response);
}
}
@Override
public void destroy()
{
}
}
web.xml中的配置
<filter> <filter-name>AuthenticationFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>com.rk.filter.AuthenticationFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>unfilteredURI</param-name> <param-value>/login.jsp|/login</param-value> </init-param> </filter>
4.3、对动态资源不进行缓存
DynamicResourceNoCacheFilter.java
package com.rk.filter;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
/**
* @author lsieun
*控制动态资源不要缓存的过滤器
*/
public class DynamicResourceNoCacheFilter implements Filter
{
@Override
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException
{
}
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse resp, FilterChain chain) throws IOException,ServletException
{
HttpServletRequest request = null;
HttpServletResponse response = null;
try
{
request = (HttpServletRequest) req;
response = (HttpServletResponse) resp;
}
catch (Exception e)
{
throw new RuntimeException("non-http request or response");
}
response.setDateHeader("Expires", -1);
response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache");
response.setHeader("Pragma", "no-cache");
chain.doFilter(request, response);
}
@Override
public void destroy()
{
}
}
web.xml中的配置
<filter> <filter-name>DynamicResourceNoCacheFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>com.rk.filter.DynamicResourceNoCacheFilter</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>DynamicResourceNoCacheFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>*.jsp</url-pattern> <dispatcher>REQUEST</dispatcher> <dispatcher>FORWARD</dispatcher> </filter-mapping> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>DynamicResourceNoCacheFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/servlet/*</url-pattern> <dispatcher>REQUEST</dispatcher> <dispatcher>FORWARD</dispatcher> </filter-mapping>
4.5、对静态资源进行缓存
StaticResourceCacheFilter.java
package com.rk.filter;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
/**
* @author lsieun
*控制静态资源的缓存时间
*/
public class StaticResourceCacheFilter implements Filter
{
private FilterConfig filterConfig;
@Override
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException
{
this.filterConfig = filterConfig;
}
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse resp, FilterChain chain) throws IOException,ServletException
{
HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) req;
HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) resp;
String requestURI = request.getRequestURI();
// 截取后缀名
String extensionName = requestURI.substring(requestURI.lastIndexOf(‘.‘)+1);
String strTime = "0";
// 根据用户访问的资源类型，html css js的缓存时间都不同.
if("html".equals(extensionName))
{
strTime = this.filterConfig.getInitParameter("html");
}
else if("css".equals(extensionName))
{
strTime = this.filterConfig.getInitParameter("css");
}
else if("js".equals(extensionName))
{
strTime = this.filterConfig.getInitParameter("js");
}
long time = Integer.parseInt(strTime) * 1000 * 60 * 60;// 缓存的时间(单位：毫秒)
response.setDateHeader("Expires", System.currentTimeMillis() + time);
chain.doFilter(request, response);
}
@Override
public void destroy()
{
}
}
web.xml中的配置
<filter> <filter-name>StaticResourceCacheFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>com.rk.filter.StaticResourceCacheFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>html</param-name> <param-value>1</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>css</param-name> <param-value>2</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>js</param-name> <param-value>3</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>StaticResourceCacheFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>*.html</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>StaticResourceCacheFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>*.css</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>StaticResourceCacheFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>*.js</url-pattern> </filter-mapping>
4.6、总结
在一次网络访问中，Tomcat会将请求和回应分别封装为request和response,而Filter能够起作用，正是对request和response中的信息加以利用。例如：
（1）用Filter解决字符乱码的问题，是对request和response中的字符编码进行设置；
（2）用Filter判断是否自动登录，是对request中Cookie信息进行处理；
（3）用Filter判断用户是否登录，是对request中Session进行处理；
（4）用Filter对动态资源（JSP、Servlet）不进行缓存，是对response的响应头进行处理；
（5）用Filter对静态资源（HTML、JS、CSS）进行缓存，也是对response的响应头进行处理；
（6）用Filter对响应内容进行GZIP压缩，是对response的响应体进行处理。
通过上述这几个经典应用，可以总结出：Filter只是利用request和response的信息进行预先或滞后处理，解决一些通用性的问题，并不会处理业务逻辑的内容。
在网络编程中，一般是先对request（输入）进行处理，再对response（输出）进行处理；当存在多个Filter的时候，也应该把处理request的Filter放在前面，处理response的Filter放在后面。
如果让我进行排序，我就这样排序：字符编码>自动登录>用户是否登录>动态资源不缓存>静态资源缓存>内容GZIP压缩。
时间： 2024-08-25 10:54:55