python中的requests使用小结

现接触到的很少，详细的官方教程地址：

requests官方指南文档：http://docs.python-requests.org/zh_CN/latest/user/quickstart.html
requests高级指南文档：http://docs.python-requests.org/zh_CN/latest/user/advanced.html#advanced

1.安装request,bs4

pip install requests
pip install bs4

2.代码文档中调用

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

3.发送http请求

r = requests.get(‘https://github.com/timeline.json’) #GET请求
r = requests.post(“http://httpbin.org/post”) #POST请求
r = requests.put(“http://httpbin.org/put”) #PUT请求
r = requests.delete(“http://httpbin.org/delete”) #DELETE请求
r = requests.head(“http://httpbin.org/get”) #HEAD请求
r = requests.options(“http://httpbin.org/get”) #OPTIONS请求

4.get方法

r = requests.get(‘http://dict.baidu.com/s‘, params={‘wd‘:‘python‘})  #带参数的GET请求
#等于http://dict.baidu.com/s?wd=python

r = requests.get(URL, params={‘ip‘: ‘8.8.8.8‘}, timeout=1) #设置超时时间

r = requests.get(‘https://httpbin.org/hidden-basic-auth/user/passwd‘, auth=HTTPBasicAuth(‘user‘, ‘passwd‘))  #基本身份认证(HTTP Basic Auth)
r = requests.get(URL, auth=HTTPDigestAuth(‘user‘, ‘pass‘)) #摘要式身份认证(HTTP Digest Auth)

cookies = {‘testCookies_1‘: ‘Hello_Python3‘, ‘testCookies_2‘: ‘Hello_Requests‘}
r = requests.get(url, cookies=cookies)
#带cookies的请求

r = requests.get(‘http://www.baidu.com/link‘, allow_redirects = False） #禁止URL跳转

proxies = {
  "http": "http://10.10.1.10:3128",
  "http": "http://user:[email protected]:3128/",
  "https": "http://10.10.1.10:1080",
}
r = requests.get("http://www.baidu.com", proxies=proxies) #代理访问

headers = {‘Accept‘: ‘text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8‘,
           ‘Accept-Encoding‘: ‘gzip, deflate, compress‘,
           ‘Accept-Language‘: ‘en-us;q=0.5,en;q=0.3‘,
           ‘Cache-Control‘: ‘max-age=0‘,
           ‘Connection‘: ‘keep-alive‘,
           ‘User-Agent‘: ‘Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux x86_64; rv:22.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/22.0‘}
r = requests.get(‘http://www.baidu.com‘, headers = headers)
#自定义head请求页面

5.POST方法

files = {‘file‘: open(‘/home/1.mpg‘, ‘rb‘)}
r = requests.post(url, files=files)
#POST上传文件

data = {‘some‘: ‘data‘}
headers = {‘content-type‘: ‘application/json‘,
           ‘User-Agent‘: ‘Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux x86_64; rv:22.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/22.0‘}
r = requests.post(‘https://www.baidu.com‘, data=data, headers=headers)
#POST自定义HEAD提交数据

r = requests.post(‘https://www.baidu.com‘, data=json.dumps({‘some‘: ‘data‘}))
#POST提交JSON数据