安装结束后，会产生一些后台进程来确保集群正常工作并能够与外部通讯。其中的一些有序linux平台的要求需要以root用户权限来启动。比如，网络配置的改动就需要更高的权限。其他后台进程将以grid软件所在系统用户的权限来运行。下面的表格介绍主要的一
些后台进程
| 后台进程 | 说明 |
| Oracle高可用服务 (OHAS) | OHAS是服务器启动后打开的第一个Grid Infrastructure组件。它被配置为以init(1)打开，并负 责生成agent进程。 |
| Oracle Agent | Grid Infrastructure使用两个oracle代理进程。第一个，概括起来说，负责打开一些需要访问 OCR和VOTING文件的资源。它由OHAS创建。 第二个代理进程由CRSD创建，负责打开所有不需要root权限来访问的资源。这个进程以 Grid Infrastructure所属用户的权限运行，并且负责在RAC11.1中racg所做的工作。 |
| Oracle Root Agent | 和 Oracle 代理进程类似，有两个Root 代理进程被创建。 最初的代理进程由OHAS引发，它 为linux系统中需要更高权限的资源提供初始化。创建的主要后台进程是CSSD和CRSD。反 过来，CRSD将触发另一个root代理。这个代理将打开需要root权限、主要和网络相关的资源 |
| 集群就绪服务进程 (CRSD) |
集群软件的后台主要进程，使用oracle集群注册信息来管理集群中的资源 |
| 集群同步服务进程 (CSSD) |
管理集群的配置和节点成员 |
| Oracle进程监控 (OPROCD) |
oprocd在11.1版本中负责 I/O 隔离。它是在10.2.0.4补丁集中为linux系统引入的。在这个补丁 集以前，内核hangcheck-timer模块来做类似的任务。有趣的是，oprocd以前常被用在非 linux平台中。Grid Infrastructure用cssdagent进程来替换了oprocd进程。 |
| 事件管理器(EVM) | EVM负责发布Grid Infrastructure创建的事件 |
| 集群时间同步服务(CTSS) | CTSS服务是一个可选项，通过网络时间协定服务器为集群提供时间同步，这个时间同步对 RAC很重要。它可以运行在两种模式下：观望或者活动。当NTP被激活的时候，它运行在 观察模式，若没有启动NTP，它将根据主节点同步所有节点的时间。 |
| Oracle警告服务(ONS) | 负责通过快速应用框架发布事件的主要后台进程。 |
The Oracle Clusterware Stack
Oracle Clusterware consists of two separate stacks: an upper stack anchored by the Cluster Ready Services (CRS) daemon (crsd) and a lower stack anchored by the Oracle High Availability Services daemon (ohasd). These two stacks have several processes that facilitate cluster operations. The following sections describe these stacks in more detail:
oracle 集群包含两个技术栈：上层栈由CRS服务控制，下层栈由OHAS控制。这两个栈分别有几个processes来完成集群服务。下面分别介绍之。
The Cluster Ready Services Stack
The list in this section describes the processes that comprise CRS. The list includes components that are processes on Linux and UNIX operating systems, or services on Windows.
- Cluster Ready Services (CRS): The primary program for managing high availability operations in a cluster.
The CRS daemon
(crsd) manages cluster resources based on the configuration information that is stored in OCR for each resource. This includes start, stop, monitor, and failover operations. Thecrsdprocess generates events when the status of a resource changes. When you have Oracle RAC installed, thecrsdprocess monitors the Oracle database instance, listener, and so on, and automatically restarts these components when a failure occurs.（集群就绪服务管理集群资源，这些资源是存储在ocr里的配置信息。包括对这些资源启停，监控等操作。当资源的状态改变的时候，crsd进程生产事件。） - Cluster Synchronization Services (CSS): Manages the cluster configuration by controlling which nodes are members of the cluster and by notifying members when a node joins or leaves the cluster. If you are using certified third-party clusterware, then CSS processes interface with your clusterware to manage node membership information.
The
cssdagentprocess monitors the cluster and provides I/O fencing. This service formerly was provided by Oracle Process Monitor Daemon (oprocd), also known asOraFenceServiceon Windows. Acssdagentfailure may result in Oracle Clusterware restarting the node.（cssdagent进程监控集群并且提供IO隔离。crss服务主要是提供集群同步，检查节点数量，增加减少节点） - Oracle ASM: Provides disk management for Oracle Clusterware and Oracle Database.(提供集群和数据库的磁盘管理服务)
- Cluster Time Synchronization Service (CTSS): Provides time management in a cluster for Oracle Clusterware.（CTSS服务是一个可选项，通过网络时间协定服务器为集群提供时间同步，这个时间同步对RAC很重要。它可以运行在两种模式下：观望或者活动。当NTP被激活的时候，它运行在观察模式，若没有启动NTP，它将根据主节点同步所有节点的时间。）
- Event Management (EVM): A background process that publishes events that Oracle Clusterware creates.（发布集群产生的事件的进程——EVM负责发布Grid Infrastructure创建的事件）
- Oracle Notification Service (ONS): A publish and subscribe service for communicating Fast Application Notification (FAN) events.（负责通过快速应用框架发布事件的主要后台进程。）
- Oracle Agent (oraagent): Extends clusterware to support Oracle-specific requirements and complex resources. This process runs server callout scripts when FAN events occur. This process was known as RACG in Oracle Clusterware 11g release 1 (11.1).
- Oracle Root Agent (orarootagent): A specialized
oraagentprocess that helpscrsdmanage resources owned byroot, such as the network, and the Grid virtual IP address.
The Cluster Synchronization Service (CSS), Event Management (EVM), and Oracle Notification Services (ONS) components communicate with other cluster component layers on other nodes in the same cluster database environment. These components are also the main communication links between Oracle Database, applications, and the Oracle Clusterware high availability components. In addition, these background processes monitor and manage database operations.
The Oracle High Availability Services Stack
This section describes the processes that comprise the Oracle High Availability Services stack. The list includes components that are processes on Linux and UNIX operating systems, or services on Windows.
- Cluster Logger Service (
ologgerd): Receives information from all the nodes in the cluster and persists in a CHM repository-based database. This service runs on only two nodes in a cluster. - System Monitor Service (
osysmond): The monitoring and operating system metric collection service that sends the data to the cluster logger service. This service runs on every node in a cluster. - Grid Plug and Play (GPNPD): Provides access to the Grid Plug and Play profile, and coordinates updates to the profile among the nodes of the cluster to ensure that all of the nodes have the most recent profile.
- Grid Interprocess Communication (GIPC): A support daemon that enables Redundant Interconnect Usage.
- Multicast Domain Name Service (mDNS): Used by Grid Plug and Play to locate profiles in the cluster, as well as by GNS to perform name resolution. The mDNS process is a background process on Linux and UNIX and on Windows.
- Oracle Grid Naming Service (GNS): Handles requests sent by external DNS servers, performing name resolution for names defined by the cluster.
Table 1-1 lists the processes and services associated with Oracle Clusterware components. In Table 1-1, if a UNIX or a Linux system process has an (r) beside it, then the process runs as the root user.
转：http://blog.csdn.net/cymm_liu/article/details/21446605