1.准备两台机器
A机器：192.168.232.132
B机器：192.168.232.131
A级器作为master，B机器作为backup
2.两台机器都安装：keepalived
A机器 [[email protected] ~]# yum install -y keepalived B机器 [[email protected] ~]# yum install -y keepalived
3.两台机器上都安装nginx
若是A、B机器没有装nginx服务，可以直接 yum安装
因为我A机器上已经源码包安装编译过nginx了所以就不用再安装了
B机器安装完之后启动nginx
[[email protected] ~]# yum install -y nginx [[email protected] ~]# service nginx start Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start nginx.service [[email protected] ~]# ps aux|grep nginx root 16687 0.0 0.0 46364 964 ? Ss 11:51 0:00 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf nginx 16688 0.0 0.1 46764 1924 ? S 11:51 0:00 nginx: worker process root 16690 0.0 0.0 112676 980 pts/0 R+ 11:51 0:00 grep --color=auto nginx
注意：有时直接yum安装不了，需要安装yum扩展源：yum install -y epel-release
下面是在A机器上操作的
1.更改A机器上的更改keepalived配置文件
默认的配置文件路径在/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
清空文件内容
> /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
编辑配置文件
vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
添加加以下内容：
global_defs {
notification_email {
[email protected]
}
notification_email_from [email protected]
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LVS_DEVEL
}
vrrp_script chk_nginx {
script "/usr/local/sbin/check_ng.sh"
interval 3
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface ens33
virtual_router_id 51
priority 100
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass aminglinux>com
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.232.100
}
track_script {
chk_nginx
}
}
这里需要注意的是："virtual_ipaddress"也就是所谓的vip我们设置为192.168.232.100
2.定义监控脚本
脚本路径在keepalived配置文件中有定义，路径为/usr/local/sbin/check_ng.sh
编辑配置文件：
vim /usr/local/sbin/check_ng.sh
增加以下内容：
#!/bin/bash #时间变量，用于记录日志 d=`date --date today +%Y%m%d_%H:%M:%S` #计算nginx进程数量 n=`ps -C nginx --no-heading|wc -l` #如果进程为0，则启动nginx，并且再次检测nginx进程数量， #如果还为0，说明nginx无法启动，此时需要关闭keepalived if [ $n -eq "0" ]; then /etc/init.d/nginx start n2=`ps -C nginx --no-heading|wc -l` if [ $n2 -eq "0" ]; then echo "$d nginx down,keepalived will stop" >> /var/log/check_ng.log systemctl stop keepalived fi fi
3.脚本创建完之后，还需要改变脚本的权限（不更改权限，就无法自动加载脚本，那就无法启动keepalived服务）
[[email protected] ~]# chmod 755 /usr/local/sbin/check_ng.sh
4.启动keepalived服务，并查看是否启动成功
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl start keepalived [[email protected] ~]# ps aux |grep keepalived root 34653 0.0 0.1 118652 1400 ? Ss 12:16 0:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D root 34654 0.0 0.2 122852 2392 ? S 12:16 0:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D root 34655 0.0 0.2 122852 2448 ? S 12:16 0:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D root 34661 0.0 0.0 112720 988 pts/1 S+ 12:16 0:00 grep --color=auto keepalived
启动不成功，有可能是防火墙未关闭或者规则限制导致的
systemctl stop firewalld 关闭firewalld iptables -nvL查看防火墙 setenforce 0 临时关闭selinux getenforce命令查看是否为Permissive
这时再来启动keepalived，就会看到keepalived进程服务了
5.这时停止nginx服务
/etc/init.d/nginx stop
再来查看nginx服务进程，会看到自动加载了
[[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/nginx stop Stopping nginx (via systemctl): [ 确定 ] [[email protected] ~]# ps aux |grep nginx root 34813 0.0 0.0 20548 628 ? Ss 12:17 0:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf nobody 34817 0.0 0.3 22992 3216 ? S 12:17 0:00 nginx: worker process nobody 34818 0.0 0.3 22992 3216 ? S 12:17 0:00 nginx: worker process root 34832 0.0 0.0 112720 984 pts/1 R+ 12:17 0:00 grep --color=auto nginx
6.查看ip地址，使用 ip add 命令,可以查看到vip192.168.232.100
[[email protected] ~]# ip add 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:c2:05:5a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.232.132/24 brd 192.168.232.255 scope global dynamic ens33 valid_lft 1559sec preferred_lft 1559sec inet 192.168.232.100/32 scope global ens33 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fec2:55a/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
以下是B机器上的配置
1.自定义B机器keepalived配置文件，更改虚拟IP和主一样的，首先清空B机器keepalived里面自带的配置文件
配置文件路径：/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 清空：> /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
编辑配置文件：
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
增加以下内容：
global_defs {
notification_email {
[email protected]
}
notification_email_from [email protected]
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LVS_DEVEL
}
vrrp_script chk_nginx {
script "/usr/local/sbin/check_ng.sh"
interval 3
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP //这里 和master不一样的名字
interface eno16777736 //网卡和当前机器一致，否则无法启动keepalived服务
virtual_router_id 51 //和主机器 保持一致
priority 90 //权重，要比主机器小的数值
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass aminglinux>com
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.74.100 //这里更改为192.168.232.100
}
track_script {
chk_nginx
}
}
2.定义监控脚本，路径再keepalived里面已定义过
[[email protected] ~]# vim /usr/local/sbin/check_ng.sh
增加以下内容：
#时间变量，用于记录日志 d=`date --date today +%Y%m%d_%H:%M:%S` #计算nginx进程数量 n=`ps -C nginx --no-heading|wc -l` #如果进程为0，则启动nginx，并且再次检测nginx进程数量， #如果还为0，说明nginx无法启动，此时需要关闭keepalived if [ $n -eq "0" ]; then systemctl start nginx n2=`ps -C nginx --no-heading|wc -l` if [ $n2 -eq "0" ]; then echo "$d nginx down,keepalived will stop" >> /var/log/check_ng.log systemctl stop keepalived fi fi
3.改动脚本的权限，设置为755权限
[[email protected] ~]# chmod 755 /usr/local/sbin/check_ng.sh
4.启动keepalived服务：
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl start keepalived [[email protected] ~]# ps aux |grep keep root 19134 0.0 0.1 118608 1384 ? Ss 12:33 0:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D root 19135 0.0 0.2 122804 2384 ? S 12:33 0:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D root 19136 0.0 0.2 122804 2424 ? S 12:33 0:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D root 19143 0.0 0.0 112676 984 pts/0 R+ 12:33 0:00 grep --color=auto keep
区分主和从上的nginx
1.A机器，是源码包安装的nginx（PS：这是lnmp配置好的环境虚拟主机内容）
[[email protected]]# cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/aaa.com.conf
server
{
listen 80 default_server;
server_name aaa.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /data/wwwroot/default;
}
2.索引页：
[[email protected]~]# cat /data/wwwroot/default/index.html This is the default sete. [[email protected]~]# vim /data/wwwroot/default/index.html #增加内容 master This is the default sete.
3.用网页查看
B机器是yum安装的nginx
默认的索引页在 /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
[[email protected] ~]# vim /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html #增加内容
backup backup.
网页查看
访问192.168.132.100这个VIP会看到和主机器（即A机器相同的内容），说明现在访问到的是机器master，VIP在master上
测试高可用
1.模拟线上生产环境，主机器宕机环境，最简单直接的方法，就是直接关闭keepalived服务
关闭master机器（即A机器）上的keepalived服务关闭
查看A机器上的VIP被已经释放掉了
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl start keepalived [[email protected] ~]# ip add 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:c2:05:5a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.232.132/24 brd 192.168.232.255 scope global dynamic ens33 valid_lft 1532sec preferred_lft 1532sec inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fec2:55a/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2.查看backup机器（即B机器）发现它在监听VIP
[[email protected] ~]# ip add 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:fb:fc:6f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.232.131/24 brd 192.168.232.255 scope global dynamic ens33 valid_lft 1179sec preferred_lft 1179sec inet 192.168.232.100/32 scope global ens33 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fefb:fc6f/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3.浏览器访问vip，会看到已经变成backup机器上的了
这证明成功了，当A机器出现问题B机器就顶了上去
原文地址：http://blog.51cto.com/12922638/2155817
时间： 2024-11-05 14:39:20