网络设备配置与管理----使用EIGRP实现两个企业网络互联

理论学习

问题1：EIGRP的特点？

EIGRP是一种内部网关协议，用在自制系统的内部执行路由功能，为无类路由协议，性质为高级距离矢量路由协议

与运行EIGRP的路由器之间通过发送Hello包形成邻居关系后交换路由信息。

运行EIGRP的路由器储存所有与其相邻路由器的路由表信息

EIGRP采用组播和单播的更新方式，只有在路由器改变计量标准或拓扑发生变化的情况下进行路由更新

支持可变长子网掩码和不连续的子网，支持路由自动汇总，支持多种网络层协议还支持IPX,AppleTake等

在运行EIGRP的路由器内部，有一个邻居路由表，一个拓扑结构表和一个路由表。

使用DUAL算法，具有很好的路由收敛特性。

支持任意负载均衡。

问题2：EIGRP的运行过程？

建立相邻关系

发现网络拓扑，选择最短路由

路由查询、更新

问题3：EIGRP与RIP的区别？

EIGRP是思科专有的，而RIP是通用的协议

EIGRP是高级距离矢量协议 RIP是距离矢量协议

工作任务实施

1.网络拓扑结构设计

1. 设备配置命令（各个路由器分别配置）

R1(config)#in

R1(config)#interface f0/0

R1(config-if)#ip add 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#no shu

R1(config-if)#no shutdown

R1(config-if)#

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

R1(config-if)#exi

R1(config)#in

R1(config)#interface f0/1

R1(config-if)#ip add 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.252

R1(config-if)#no shu

R1(config-if)#no shutdown

R1(config-if)#

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up

R1(config)#router eigrp 10

R1(config-router)#no auto-summary

R1(config-router)#network 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.3

R1(config-router)#network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255

CNC

CNC(config)#in

CNC(config)#interface f0/0

CNC(config-if)#ip add 172.16.1.2 255.255.255.252

CNC(config-if)#no shu

CNC(config-if)#no shutdown

CNC(config-if)#

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

CNC(config-if)#ex

CNC(config)#in

CNC(config)#interface f0/1

CNC(config-if)#ip add 172.16.1.5 255.255.255.252

CNC(config-if)#no shu

CNC(config-if)#no shutdown

CNC(config-if)#

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up

CNC(config)#router eigrp 10

CNC(config-router)#no a

CNC(config-router)#no auto-summary

CNC(config-router)#ne

CNC(config-router)#network 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.3

CNC(config-router)#

%DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP 10: Neighbor 172.16.1.1 (FastEthernet0/0) is up: new adjacency

CNC(config-router)#network 172.16.1.4 0.0.0.3

R2(config)#in

R2(config)#interface f0/0

R2(config-if)#ip add 172.16.1.6 255.255.255.252

R2(config-if)#no shu

R2(config-if)#no shutdown

R2(config-if)#

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

R2(config-if)#ex

R2(config)#in

R2(config)#interface f0/1

R2(config-if)#ip add 10.1.2.1 255.255.255.0

R2(config-if)#no shu

R2(config-if)#no shutdown

R2(config-if)#

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up

R2(config)#rou

R2(config)#router e

R2(config)#router eigrp 10

R2(config-router)#no a

R2(config-router)#no auto-summary

R2(config-router)#ne

R2(config-router)#network 172.16.1.4 0.0.0.3

R2(config-router)#

%DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP 10: Neighbor 172.16.1.5 (FastEthernet0/0) is up: new adjacency

R2(config-router)#ne

R2(config-router)#network 10.1.2.0 0.0.0.255

1. 单段测试结果

PC1

PC>ping 10.1.1.1

Pinging 10.1.1.1 with 32 bytes of data:

Reply from 10.1.1.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=255

Reply from 10.1.1.1: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=255

Ping statistics for 10.1.1.1:

Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),

Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:

Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 1ms, Average = 0ms

PC2

PC>PING 10.1.2.1

Pinging 10.1.2.1 with 32 bytes of data:

Reply from 10.1.2.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=255

Reply from 10.1.2.1: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=255

Ping statistics for 10.1.2.1:

Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),

Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:

Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 1ms, Average = 0ms

1. 综合测试结果

PC1

PC>ping 10.1.2.2

Pinging 10.1.2.2 with 32 bytes of data:

Reply from 10.1.2.2: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=125

Reply from 10.1.2.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=125

Reply from 10.1.2.2: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=125

Ping statistics for 10.1.2.2:

Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),

Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:

Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 1ms, Average = 0ms

PC2

PC>PING 10.1.1.2

Pinging 10.1.1.2 with 32 bytes of data:

Reply from 10.1.1.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=125

Reply from 10.1.1.2: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=125

Ping statistics for 10.1.1.2:

Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),

Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:

Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 1ms, Average = 0ms

2. 查看各个路由器的路由

R1#SHOW IP ROUTE

Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP

i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area

* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR

P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets

C 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

D 10.1.2.0 [90/33280] via 172.16.1.2, 00:03:27, FastEthernet0/1

172.16.0.0/30 is subnetted, 2 subnets

C 172.16.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1

D 172.16.1.4 [90/30720] via 172.16.1.2, 00:04:48, FastEthernet0/1

CNC

CNC#SHOW IP ROUTE

Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP

i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area

* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR

P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets

D 10.1.1.0 [90/30720] via 172.16.1.1, 00:06:52, FastEthernet0/0

D 10.1.2.0 [90/30720] via 172.16.1.6, 00:03:55, FastEthernet0/1

172.16.0.0/30 is subnetted, 2 subnets

C 172.16.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

C 172.16.1.4 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1

R2#SHOW IP ROUTE

Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP

i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area

* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR

P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets

D 10.1.1.0 [90/33280] via 172.16.1.5, 00:05:47, FastEthernet0/0

C 10.1.2.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1

172.16.0.0/30 is subnetted, 2 subnets

D 172.16.1.0 [90/30720] via 172.16.1.5, 00:05:47, FastEthernet0/0

C 172.16.1.4 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

3. 查看EIGRP的相关信息。

R1#show ip protocol

Routing Protocol is "eigrp 10 "

Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set

Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set

Default networks flagged in outgoing updates

Default networks accepted from incoming updates

EIGRP metric weight K1=1, K2=0, K3=1, K4=0, K5=0

EIGRP maximum hopcount 100

EIGRP maximum metric variance 1

Redistributing: eigrp 10

Automatic network summarization is not in effect

Maximum path: 4

Routing for Networks:

172.16.1.0/30

10.1.1.0/24

Routing Information Sources:

Gateway Distance Last Update

172.16.1.2 90 346181

Distance: internal 90 external 170

CNC

CNC#show ip protocols

Routing Protocol is "eigrp 10 "

Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set

Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set

Default networks flagged in outgoing updates

Default networks accepted from incoming updates

EIGRP metric weight K1=1, K2=0, K3=1, K4=0, K5=0

EIGRP maximum hopcount 100

EIGRP maximum metric variance 1

Redistributing: eigrp 10

Automatic network summarization is not in effect

Maximum path: 4

Routing for Networks:

172.16.1.0/30

172.16.1.4/30

Routing Information Sources:

Gateway Distance Last Update

172.16.1.1 90 339203

172.16.1.6 90 475312

Distance: internal 90 external 170

R2#show ip protocols

Routing Protocol is "eigrp 10 "

Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set

Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set

Default networks flagged in outgoing updates

Default networks accepted from incoming updates

EIGRP metric weight K1=1, K2=0, K3=1, K4=0, K5=0

EIGRP maximum hopcount 100

EIGRP maximum metric variance 1

Redistributing: eigrp 10

Automatic network summarization is not in effect

Maximum path: 4

Routing for Networks:

172.16.1.4/30

10.1.2.0/24

Routing Information Sources:

Gateway Distance Last Update

172.16.1.5 90 474044

Distance: internal 90 external 170

工作扩展

基于教材176页扩展任务要求学习使用路由接口代替真实接口的配置

（1）拓扑结构图

（1）各个路由器的主要配置命令

interface FastEthernet0/0

ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0

duplex auto

speed auto

interface FastEthernet0/1

ip address 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.252

duplex auto

speed auto

router eigrp 10

network 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.3

network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255

no auto-summary

ip classless

CNC

interface FastEthernet0/0

ip address 172.16.1.2 255.255.255.252

duplex auto

speed auto

interface FastEthernet0/1

ip address 172.16.1.5 255.255.255.252

duplex auto

speed auto

router eigrp 10

network 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.3

network 172.16.1.4 0.0.0.3

no auto-summary

ip classless

interface Loopback1

ip address 10.1.2.1 255.255.255.240

interface Loopback2

ip address 10.1.2.17 255.255.255.240

interface Loopback3

ip address 10.1.2.33 255.255.255.240

interface Loopback4

ip address 10.1.2.49 255.255.255.240

interface FastEthernet0/0

ip address 172.16.1.6 255.255.255.252

duplex auto

speed auto

interface FastEthernet0/1

no ip address

duplex auto

speed auto

shutdown

router eigrp 10

network 172.16.1.4 0.0.0.3

network 10.1.2.0 0.0.0.15

network 10.1.2.16 0.0.0.15

network 10.1.2.32 0.0.0.15

network 10.1.2.48 0.0.0.15

no auto-summary

ip classless

（2）分析各个路由器的路由

Router#show ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP

i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area

* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR

P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 5 subnets, 2 masks

C 10.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

D 10.1.2.0/28 [90/158720] via 172.16.1.2, 00:18:02, FastEthernet0/1

D 10.1.2.16/28 [90/158720] via 172.16.1.2, 00:18:02, FastEthernet0/1

D 10.1.2.32/28 [90/158720] via 172.16.1.2, 00:18:02, FastEthernet0/1

D 10.1.2.48/28 [90/158720] via 172.16.1.2, 00:18:02, FastEthernet0/1

172.16.0.0/30 is subnetted, 2 subnets

C 172.16.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1

D 172.16.1.4 [90/30720] via 172.16.1.2, 00:18:03, FastEthernet0/1

CNC

Router#show ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP

i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area

* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR

P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 5 subnets, 2 masks

D 10.1.1.0/24 [90/30720] via 172.16.1.1, 00:18:43, FastEthernet0/0

D 10.1.2.0/28 [90/156160] via 172.16.1.6, 00:18:31, FastEthernet0/1

D 10.1.2.16/28 [90/156160] via 172.16.1.6, 00:18:31, FastEthernet0/1

D 10.1.2.32/28 [90/156160] via 172.16.1.6, 00:18:31, FastEthernet0/1

D 10.1.2.48/28 [90/156160] via 172.16.1.6, 00:18:31, FastEthernet0/1

172.16.0.0/30 is subnetted, 2 subnets

C 172.16.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

C 172.16.1.4 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1

R2#show ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP

i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area

* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR

P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 5 subnets, 2 masks

D 10.1.1.0/24 [90/33280] via 172.16.1.5, 00:18:56, FastEthernet0/0

C 10.1.2.0/28 is directly connected, Loopback1

C 10.1.2.16/28 is directly connected, Loopback2

C 10.1.2.32/28 is directly connected, Loopback3

C 10.1.2.48/28 is directly connected, Loopback4

172.16.0.0/30 is subnetted, 2 subnets

D 172.16.1.0 [90/30720] via 172.16.1.5, 00:18:56, FastEthernet0/0

C 172.16.1.4 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

思考问题：

问题1：自动汇总和手动汇总的区别？

自动方式：当路由中存在多个交叉的小分类网络边界时自动把这些路由汇总成一个大的分类网络边界（这是通过汇总子网地址前缀来实现的）。自动汇总功能是默认启用的。

手动方式：在指定接口上通告一个汇总本地IP地址池，这个汇总IP地址池可以供拨号客户端。

时间： 2024-08-07 15:11:17

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