一、分页
试问如果当数据量特别大的时候,你是怎么解决分页的?
- 方式a、记录当前访问页数的数据id
- 方式b、最多显示120页等
- 方式c、只显示上一页,下一页,不让选择页码,对页码进行加密
1、基于limit offset 做分页
from rest_framework.pagination import LimitOffsetPagination
urls.py
urlpatterns = [ url(r‘^admin/‘, admin.site.urls), url(r‘^app01/(?P<version>[v1|v2]+)/‘, include(‘app01.urls‘)) ]
app01.url
urlpatterns = [ url(r‘^index1/‘, views.IndexView1.as_view()), url(r‘^index2/‘, views.IndexView2.as_view()), url(r‘^index3/‘, views.IndexView3.as_view()), url(r‘^index4/‘, views.IndexView4.as_view()), url(r‘^index5/‘, views.IndexView5.as_view()), ]
views.py
from rest_framework.views import APIView from rest_framework.response import Response from app01.serializes.myserializes import MySerializes from rest_framework.pagination import LimitOffsetPagination from app01 import models # =========== 可以自己进行自定制分页,基于limitoffset=================== class P1(LimitOffsetPagination): max_limit = 3 # 最大限制默认是None default_limit =2 # 设置每一页显示多少条 limit_query_param = ‘limit‘ # 往后取几条 offset_query_param = ‘offset‘ # 当前所在的位置 class IndexView2(APIView): #使用http://127.0.0.1:8080/app01/v1/index2/?offset=2&limit=4可进行判断 def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs): user_list = models.UserInfo.objects.all() p1 = P1()#注册分页 page_user_list = p1.paginate_queryset(queryset=user_list,request=request,view=self) print(‘打印的是分页的数据‘,page_user_list) ser = MySerializes(instance=page_user_list,many=True) #可允许多个 # return Response(ser.data) #不含上一页下一页 return p1.get_paginated_response(ser.data) =======================也可以用下面这种形式=========== class BaseResponse(object): def __init__(self,code=1000,data=None,error=None): self.code = code self.data = data self.error = error class IndexView(views.APIView): ‘‘‘第二种类表示的方式‘‘‘ def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs): ret = BaseResponse() try: user_list = models.UserInfo.objects.all() p1 = P1() page_user_list = p1.paginate_queryset(queryset=user_list,request=request,view=self) ser = IndexSerializer(instance=page_user_list,many=True) ret.data = ser.data ret.next = p1.get_next_link() except Exception as e: ret.code= 1001 ret.error = ‘xxxx错误‘ return Response(ret.__dict__)
2、基于页码的分页
from rest_framework.pagination import PageNumberPagination
# ======================基于页码实现的分页============== class P2(PageNumberPagination): #默认每页显示的数据条数 page_size = 2 #获取url参数中设置的每页显示数据条数 page_size_query_param = ‘size‘ #获取url中传入的页码key page_query_param = ‘page‘ #最大支持的每页显示的数据条数 max_page_size = 5 class IndexView3(APIView): #使用http://127.0.0.1:8080/app01/v1/index3/?page=1&page_size=1可进行判断 def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs): user_list = models.UserInfo.objects.all() #实例化分页对象,获取数据库中的分页数据 p2 = P2() print(p2.page_size_query_description) page_user_list = p2.paginate_queryset(queryset=user_list,request=request,view=self) print(‘打印的是分页的数据‘,page_user_list) #序列化对象 ser = MySerializes(instance=page_user_list,many=True) #可允许多个 #生成分页和数据 # return Response(ser.data) #不含上一页下一页 return p2.get_paginated_response(ser.data)
3、基于Cursor的分页
2可能存在性能问题,如果用户吧page给改的很大,查询速度就会很慢。还有一种页码加密的方式,
# =====================基于Cursor的分页============ class P3(CursorPagination): # URL传入的游标参数 cursor_query_param = ‘cursor‘ # 默认每页显示的数据条数 page_size = 2 # URL传入的每页显示条数的参数 page_size_query_param = ‘size‘ # 每页显示数据最大条数 max_page_size = 3 # 根据ID从大到小排列 ordering = "id" class IndexView4(APIView): #使用http://127.0.0.1:8080/app01/v1/index4/?cursor=cj0xJnA9NA%3D%3D&size=3可进行判断 def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs): user_list = models.UserInfo.objects.all().order_by(‘-id‘) p3 = P3()#注册分页 page_user_list = p3.paginate_queryset(queryset=user_list,request=request,view=self) print(‘打印的是分页的数据‘,page_user_list) ser = MySerializes(instance=page_user_list,many=True) #可允许多个 # return Response(ser.data) #不含上一页下一页 return p3.get_paginated_response(ser.data)
二、视图
写视图函数可继承的几个类,我们以前经常用到的是APIView,现在我们来了解一下其他的类,其中1、3、4用到的最多
需要导入的类
from rest_framework.views import APIView from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView from rest_framework.viewsets import GenericViewSet from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet
1、APIView
class IndexView2(APIView): def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs): user_list = models.UserInfo.objects.all() ser = MySerializes(instance=user_list,many=True) return Response(ser.data)
2、GenericAPIView(APIView)
from rest_framework.response import Response from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView from app01 import models from app01.serializes.myserializes import MySerializes from rest_framework.pagination import LimitOffsetPagination class P1(LimitOffsetPagination): max_limit = 3 # 最大限制默认是None default_limit =2 # 设置每一页显示多少条 limit_query_param = ‘limit‘ # 往后取几条 offset_query_param = ‘offset‘ # 当前所在的位置 class IndexView1(GenericAPIView): queryset = models.UserInfo.objects.all() serializer_class = MySerializes pagination_class = P1 def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs): user_list = self.get_queryset() p1 = P1() #注册分页 data = p1.paginate_queryset(queryset=user_list,request=request,view=self) #获取分页的数据 ser = self.get_serializer(instance=data,many=True) #序列化 return Response(ser.data)
3、 GenericViewSet(ViewSetMixin, generics.GenericAPIView)
增 POST /users/ 删 DELETE /users/1/ 改 #全部修改 PUT /users/1/ #局部修改 patch /users/1/ 查 GET /users/ GET /users/1/在GET请求的时候如果带ID说明查一条,如果不带则查所有
原始的
urls.py
urlpatterns = [ url(r‘^index/$‘, views.IndexView.as_view()), url(r‘^index/(?P<pk>\d+)$‘, views.IndexView.as_view()), ]
views.py
class IndexView(views.APIView): def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs): pk = kwargs.get(‘pk‘) if pk: pass # 获取单条信息 else: pass # 获取列表信息 def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs): pass def put(self,request,*args,**kwargs): pass def patch(self,request,*args,**kwargs): pass def delete(self,request,*args,**kwargs): pass
用了GenericViewSet这种方式的时候注意url变了
urls.py
urlpatterns = [ url(r‘^index3/$‘, views.IndexView3.as_view({‘get‘: ‘list‘,‘post‘:‘create‘})), url(r‘^index3/(?P<pk>\d+)/$‘, views.IndexView3.as_view({‘get‘:‘retrieve‘})), ]
views.py
class IndexView3(GenericViewSet): queryset = models.UserInfo.objects.all() serializer_class = MySerializes pagination_class = P1 def list(self,request,*args,**kwargs): #获取列表信息 return Response(‘...‘) def retrieve(self,request,*args,**kwargs): #获取单条数据 return Response(‘xxx‘)
4、 ModelViewSet(mixins.CreateModelMixin,mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,mixins.UpdateModelMixin,mixins.DestroyModelMixin,mixins.ListModelMixin,GenericViewSet)
利用ModelViewSet增删改查不用自己写了,内部把增删改查都干了,当满足不了需求的时候我们也可以自定制
urls.py
urlpatterns = [ url(r‘^index4/‘, views.IndexView4.as_view({‘get‘: ‘list‘,‘post‘:‘create‘})), #获取数据和添加数据 url(r‘^index4\.(?P<format>[a-z0-9]+)/‘, views.IndexView4.as_view({‘get‘: ‘list‘,‘post‘:‘create‘})), #.json想让页面上显示成json格式 url(r‘^index4/(?P<pk>\d+)/‘, views.IndexView4.as_view({‘get‘: ‘retrieve‘, ‘delete‘: ‘destroy‘,‘put‘:‘partial_update‘})), #查看单条,删除,修改数据 url(r‘^index4(?P<pk>\d+)\.(?P<format>[a-z0-9]+)/‘, views.IndexView4.as_view({‘get‘: ‘retrieve‘, ‘delete‘: ‘destroy‘,‘put‘:‘partial_update‘})), ]
views.py
注意啦:用ModelSerializer这种方法必须要用IndexSerializer(ModelSerializer)这种方式序列化 class P2(PageNumberPagination): page_size = 3 #每一页显示的条数 page_query_param = ‘page‘ #获取参数中传入的页码 page_size_query_param = ‘size‘ #获取url参数中每页显示的数据条数 max_page_size = 5 class IndexSerializer(ModelSerializer): class Meta: model = models.UserInfo fields = "__all__" class IndexView4(ModelViewSet): queryset = models.UserInfo.objects.all() serializer_class = IndexSerializer pagination_class = P2
自定制
基于ModelViewSet自定制
class P2(PageNumberPagination): page_size = 3 #每一页显示的条数 page_query_param = ‘page‘ #获取参数中传入的页码 page_size_query_param = ‘size‘ #获取url参数中每页显示的数据条数 max_page_size = 5 class IndexSerializer(ModelSerializer): class Meta: model = models.UserInfo fields = "__all__" class IndexView4(ModelViewSet): queryset = models.UserInfo.objects.all() serializer_class = IndexSerializer pagination_class = P2 def list(self, request, *args, **kwargs): ‘‘‘获取get请求的所有‘‘‘ pass def retrieve(self, request, *args, **kwargs): ‘‘‘查看单条数据‘‘‘ pass def destroy(self, request, *args, **kwargs): ‘‘‘删除DELETE‘‘‘ pass def create(self, request, *args, **kwargs): ‘‘‘添加数据POST‘‘‘ pass def update(self, request, *args, **kwargs): ‘‘‘全部修改PUT‘‘‘ pass def partial_update(self, request, *args, **kwargs): ‘‘‘局部修改PATCH‘‘‘ pass
继承关系
三、路由
第一类:自定义路由
# http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/v1/auth/ url(r‘^auth/$‘, views.AuthView.as_view()), # http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/v1/auth.json # 想要让页面显示json格式 url(r‘^auth\.(?P<format>[a-z0-9]+)$‘, views.AuthView.as_view()), # http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/v1/auth/1/ url(r‘^auth/(?P<pk>\d+)/$‘, views.AuthView.as_view()), # http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/v1/auth/1.json url(r‘^auth/(?P<pk>\d+)\.(?P<format>[a-z0-9]+)$‘, views.AuthView.as_view()), class AuthView(views.APIView): def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs): return Response(‘...‘)
第二类:半自动路由
url(r‘^index/$‘, views.IndexView.as_view({‘get‘:‘list‘,‘post‘:‘create‘})), url(r‘^index\.(?P<format>[a-z0-9]+)$‘, views.IndexView.as_view({‘get‘:‘list‘,‘post‘:‘create‘})), url(r‘^index/(?P<pk>\d+)/$‘, views.IndexView.as_view({‘get‘:‘retrieve‘,‘delete‘:‘destroy‘,‘put‘:‘update‘,‘patch‘:‘partial_update‘})), url(r‘^index(?P<pk>\d+)\.(?P<format>[a-z0-9]+)$‘, views.IndexView.as_view({‘get‘:‘retrieve‘,‘delete‘:‘destroy‘,‘put‘:‘update‘,‘patch‘:‘partial_update‘})), class IndexView(viewsets.ModelViewSet): queryset = models.UserInfo.objects.all() serializer_class = IndexSerializer pagination_class = P2
第三类:全自动路由,会自动生成四个url
router = DefaultRouter() router.register(‘index‘,views.IndexViewSet) urlpatterns = [ url(r‘^‘, include(router.urls)), ] class IndexViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet): queryset = models.UserInfo.objects.all() serializer_class = IndexSerializer pagination_class = P2 class IndexSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model = models.UserInfo fields = "__all__"
四、渲染器
根据 用户请求URL 或 用户可接受的类型,筛选出合适的 渲染组件。
用户请求URL:
- http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/?format=json
- http://127.0.0.1:8000/test.json
用户请求头:
- Accept:text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8
1、. json
访问URL:
- http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/?format=json
- http://127.0.0.1:8000/test.json
- http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/
urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url, include from web.views import s11_render urlpatterns = [ url(r‘^test/$‘, s11_render.TestView.as_view()), url(r‘^test\.(?P<format>[a-z0-9]+)‘, s11_render.TestView.as_view()), ] urls.py
views.py
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- from rest_framework.views import APIView from rest_framework.response import Response from rest_framework import serializers from rest_framework.renderers import JSONRenderer from .. import models class TestSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model = models.UserInfo fields = "__all__" class TestView(APIView): renderer_classes = [JSONRenderer, ] def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): user_list = models.UserInfo.objects.all() ser = TestSerializer(instance=user_list, many=True) return Response(ser.data)
2、.表格
访问URL:
- http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/?format=admin
- http://127.0.0.1:8000/test.admin
- http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/
views.py
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- from rest_framework.views import APIView from rest_framework.response import Response from rest_framework import serializers from rest_framework.renderers import AdminRenderer from .. import models class TestSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model = models.UserInfo fields = "__all__" class TestView(APIView): renderer_classes = [AdminRenderer, ] def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): user_list = models.UserInfo.objects.all() ser = TestSerializer(instance=user_list, many=True) return Response(ser.data)
3、 Form表单
访问URL:
- http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/?format=form
- http://127.0.0.1:8000/test.form
- http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/
views.py
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- from rest_framework.views import APIView from rest_framework.response import Response from rest_framework import serializers from rest_framework.renderers import JSONRenderer from rest_framework.renderers import AdminRenderer from rest_framework.renderers import HTMLFormRenderer from .. import models class TestSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model = models.UserInfo fields = "__all__" class TestView(APIView): renderer_classes = [HTMLFormRenderer, ] def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): user_list = models.UserInfo.objects.all().first() ser = TestSerializer(instance=user_list, many=False) return Response(ser.data)
4、 自定义显示模板
访问URL:
- http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/?format=html
- http://127.0.0.1:8000/test.html
- http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/
urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url, include from web.views import s11_render urlpatterns = [ url(r‘^test/$‘, s11_render.TestView.as_view()), url(r‘^test\.(?P<format>[a-z0-9]+)‘, s11_render.TestView.as_view()), ]
views.py
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- from rest_framework.views import APIView from rest_framework.response import Response from rest_framework import serializers from rest_framework.renderers import TemplateHTMLRenderer from .. import models class TestSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model = models.UserInfo fields = "__all__" class TestView(APIView): renderer_classes = [TemplateHTMLRenderer, ] def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): user_list = models.UserInfo.objects.all().first() ser = TestSerializer(instance=user_list, many=False) return Response(ser.data, template_name=‘user_detail.html‘)
userdetail.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> {{ user }} {{ pwd }} {{ ut }} </body> </html>
5、浏览器格式API+JSON
访问URL:
- http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/?format=api
- http://127.0.0.1:8000/test.api
- http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/
views.py
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- from rest_framework.views import APIView from rest_framework.response import Response from rest_framework import serializers from rest_framework.renderers import JSONRenderer from rest_framework.renderers import BrowsableAPIRenderer from .. import models class TestSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model = models.UserInfo fields = "__all__" class CustomBrowsableAPIRenderer(BrowsableAPIRenderer): def get_default_renderer(self, view): return JSONRenderer() class TestView(APIView): renderer_classes = [CustomBrowsableAPIRenderer, ] def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): user_list = models.UserInfo.objects.all().first() ser = TestSerializer(instance=user_list, many=False) return Response(ser.data, template_name=‘user_detail.html‘)
注意:如果同时多个存在时,自动根据URL后缀来选择渲染器。
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/xiaohema/p/8456967.html