实验九 异常、断言与日志
实验时间 2018-10-25
1、实验目的与要求
(1) 掌握java异常处理技术；
(2) 了解断言的用法；
(3) 了解日志的用途；
(4) 掌握程序基础调试技巧；
2、实验内容和步骤
实验1：用命令行与IDE两种环境下编辑调试运行源程序ExceptionDemo1、ExceptionDemo2，结合程序运行结果理解程序，掌握未检查异常和已检查异常的区别。
|
//异常示例1 public class ExceptionDemo1 { public static void main(String args[]) { int a = 0; System.out.println(5 / a); } } |
|
//异常示例2 import java.io.*; public class ExceptionDemo2 { public static void main(String args[]) { FileInputStream fis=new FileInputStream("text.txt");//JVM自动生成异常对象 int b; while((b=fis.read())!=-1) { System.out.print(b); } fis.close(); } } |
package tt;
public class ExceptionDemo1 {
public static void main(String args[]) {
int a = 0;
System.out.println(5 / a);
}
}
package tt;
import java.io.*;
public class ExceptionDemo2 {
public static void main(String args[])
{
FileInputStream fis = null;
try {
fis = new FileInputStream("C:\\Users\\LENOVO\\Desktop\\text.txt");
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}//JVM自动生成异常对象
int b;
try {
while((b=fis.read())!=-1)
{
System.out.print(b);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
fis.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
实验结果：
实验2： 导入以下示例程序，测试程序并进行代码注释。
测试程序1：
l 在elipse IDE中编辑、编译、调试运行教材281页7-1，结合程序运行结果理解程序；
l 在程序中相关代码处添加新知识的注释；
l 掌握Throwable类的堆栈跟踪方法；
package stackTrace;
import java.util.*;
/**
* A program that displays a trace feature of a recursive method call.
* @version 1.01 2004-05-10
* @author Cay Horstmann
*/
public class StackTraceTest
{
/**
* Computes the factorial of a number
* @param n a non-negative integer
* @return n! = 1 * 2 * . . . * n
*/
public static int factorial(int n)
{
System.out.println("factorial(" + n + "):");
Throwable t = new Throwable();//构造一个Throwable 对象
StackTraceElement[] frames = t.getStackTrace();//获得构造这个对象时调用的对战的跟踪
for (StackTraceElement f : frames)
System.out.println(f);
int r;
if (n <= 1) r = 1;
else r = n * factorial(n - 1);
System.out.println("return " + r);
return r;
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter n: ");
int n = in.nextInt();
factorial(n);
}
}
实验结果：
测试程序2：
l Java语言的异常处理有积极处理方法和消极处理两种方式；
l 下列两个简答程序范例给出了两种异常处理的代码格式。在elipse IDE中编辑、调试运行源程序ExceptionalTest.java，将程序中的text文件更换为身份证号.txt，要求将文件内容读入内容，并在控制台显示；
l 掌握两种异常处理技术的特点。
|
//积极处理方式 import java.io.*; class ExceptionTest { public static void main (string args[]) { try{ FileInputStream fis=new FileInputStream("text.txt"); } catch（FileNotFoundExcption e） { …… } …… } } |
|
//消极处理方式 import java.io.*; class ExceptionTest { public static void main (string args[]) throws FileNotFoundExcption { FileInputStream fis=new FileInputStream("text.txt"); } } |
package tt;
//积极处理方式
import java.io.*;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.FileReader;
class ExceptionTest {
public static void main (String args[])
{
File fis=new File("C:\\\\Users\\\\LENOVO\\\\Desktop\\\\身份证号.txt");
try{
FileReader fr = new FileReader(fis);
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(fr);
try {
String s, s2 = new String();
while ((s = br.readLine()) != null) {
s2 += s + "\n ";
}
br.close();
System.out.println(s2);
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
package tt;
//消极处理方式
import java.io.*;
class ExceptionDemo2 {
public static void main (String args[]) throws IOException
{
File fis=new File("C:\\Users\\LENOVO\\Desktop\\身份证号.txt");
FileReader fr = new FileReader(fis);
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(fr);
String s, s2 = new String();
while ((s = br.readLine()) != null) {
s2 += s + "\n ";
}
br.close();
System.out.println(s2);
}
}
实验结果：
实验3: 编程练习
练习1：
l 编制一个程序，将身份证号.txt 中的信息读入到内存中；
l 按姓名字典序输出人员信息；
l 查询最大年龄的人员信息；
l 查询最小年龄人员信息；
l 输入你的年龄，查询身份证号.txt中年龄与你最近人的姓名、身份证号、年龄、性别和出生地；
l 查询人员中是否有你的同乡；
l 在以上程序适当位置加入异常捕获代码。
注：以下实验课后完成
package gh;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.Collections;
public class tt {
public static People findPeopleByname(String name) {
People flag = null;
for (People people : peoplelist) {
if(people.getName().equals(name)) {
flag = people;
}
}
return flag;
}
public static People findPeopleByid(String id) {
People flag = null;
for (People people : peoplelist) {
if(people.getnumber().equals(id)) {
flag = people;
}
}
return flag;
}
private static ArrayList<People> agenear(int yourage) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
int j=0,min=53,d_value=0,k = 0;
ArrayList<People> plist = new ArrayList<People>();
for (int i = 0; i < peoplelist.size(); i++) {
d_value = peoplelist.get(i).getage() > yourage ?
peoplelist.get(i).getage() - yourage : yourage - peoplelist.get(i).getage() ;
k = d_value < min ? i : k;
min = d_value < min ? d_value : min;
}
for(People people : peoplelist) {
if(people.getage() == peoplelist.get(k).getage()) {
plist.add(people);
}
}
return plist;
}
private static ArrayList<People> peoplelist;
public static void main(String[] args) //throws IOException
{
peoplelist = new ArrayList<People>();
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
File file = new File("D:\\身份证号.txt");
try {
FileInputStream files = new FileInputStream(file);
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(files));
String temp = null;
while ((temp = in.readLine()) != null) {
String[] information = temp.split("[ ]+");
People people = new People();
people.setName(information[0]);
people.setnumber(information[1]);
int A = Integer.parseInt(information[3]);
people.setage(A);
people.setsex(information[2]);
for(int j = 4; j<information.length;j++) {
people.setplace(information[j]);
}
peoplelist.add(people);
}
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
System.out.println("文件未找到");
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println("文件读取错误");
e.printStackTrace();
}
boolean isTrue = true;
while (isTrue) {
System.out.println("******************************************");
System.out.println(" 1.按姓名典序输出人员信息");
System.out.println(" 2.查询最大年龄人员信息");
System.out.println(" 3.查询最小年龄人员信息");
System.out.println(" 4.输入你的年龄，查询身份证号.txt中年龄与你最近的人");
System.out.println(" 5.查询人员中是否有你的同乡");
System.out.println(" 6.退出");
System.out.println("******************************************");
int nextInt = scanner.nextInt();
switch (nextInt) {
case 1:
Collections.sort(peoplelist);
System.out.println(peoplelist.toString());
break;
case 2:
int max=0;
int j,k1 = 0;
for(int i=1;i<peoplelist.size();i++)
{
j = peoplelist.get(i).getage();
if(j>max)
{
max = j;
k1 = i;
}
}
System.out.println("年龄最大："+peoplelist.get(k1));
break;
case 3:
int min = 100;
int j1,k2 = 0;
for(int i=1;i<peoplelist.size();i++)
{
j1 = peoplelist.get(i).getage();
if(j1<min)
{
min = j1;
k2 = i;
}
}
System.out.println("年龄最小："+peoplelist.get(k2));
break;
case 4:
System.out.println("年龄：");
int input_age = scanner.nextInt();
ArrayList<People> plist = new ArrayList<People>();
plist = agenear(input_age);
for(People people : plist) {
System.out.println(people.toString());
}
break;
case 5:
System.out.println("请输入省份");
String find = scanner.next();
for (int i = 0; i <peoplelist.size(); i++)
{
String [] place = peoplelist.get(i).getplace().split("\t");
for(String temp : place) {
if(find.equals(temp)) {
System.out.println("你的同乡是 "+peoplelist.get(i));
break;
}
}
}
break;
case 6:
isTrue = false;
System.out.println("byebye!");
break;
default:
System.out.println("输入有误");
}
}
}
}
}
实验结果：
练习2：
l 编写一个计算器类，可以完成加、减、乘、除的操作；
l 利用计算机类，设计一个小学生100以内数的四则运算练习程序，由计算机随机产生10道加减乘除练习题，学生输入答案，由程序检查答案是否正确，每道题正确计10分，错误不计分，10道题测试结束后给出测试总分；
l 将程序中测试练习题及学生答题结果输出到文件，文件名为test.txt；
l 在以上程序适当位置加入异常捕获代码。
package rt;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class tt {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
tt1 computing=new tt1();
PrintWriter output = null;
try {
output = new PrintWriter("tt.txt");
} catch (Exception e) {
}
int sum = 0;
for (int i = 1; i < 11; i++) {
int a = (int) Math.round(Math.random() * 100);
int b = (int) Math.round(Math.random() * 100);
int s = (int) Math.round(Math.random() * 3);
switch(s)
{
case 1:
System.out.println(i+": "+a+"/"+b+"=");
while(b==0){
b = (int) Math.round(Math.random() * 100);
}
double c = in.nextDouble();
output.println(a+"/"+b+"="+c);
if (c == (double)computing.division(a, b)) {
sum += 10;
System.out.println("正确");
}
else {
System.out.println("错误");
}
break;
case 2:
System.out.println(i+": "+a+"*"+b+"=");
int c1 = in.nextInt();
output.println(a+"*"+b+"="+c1);
if (c1 == computing.multiplication(a, b)) {
sum += 10;
System.out.println("正确");
}
else {
System.out.println("错误");
}
break;
case 3:
System.out.println(i+": "+a+"+"+b+"=");
int c2 = in.nextInt();
output.println(a+"+"+b+"="+c2);
if (c2 == computing.addition(a, b)) {
sum += 10;
System.out.println("正确");
}
else {
System.out.println("错误");
}
break ;
case 4:
System.out.println(i+": "+a+"-"+b+"=");
int c3 = in.nextInt();
output.println(a+"-"+b+"="+c3);
if (c3 == computing.subtraction(a, b)) {
sum += 10;
System.out.println("正确");
}
else {
System.out.println("错误");
}
break ;
}
}
System.out.println("成绩："+sum+"分");
output.println("成绩："+sum+"分");
output.close();
}
}
class tt1
{
private int a;
private int b;
public int addition(int a,int b)
{
return a+b;
}
public int subtraction(int a,int b)
{
if((a-b)<0)
return 0;
else
return a-b;
}
public int multiplication(int a,int b)
{
return a*b;
}
public int division(int a,int b)
{
if(b!=0)
return a/b;
else
return 0;
}
}
实验结果：
实验4：断言、日志、程序调试技巧验证实验。
实验程序1：
|
//断言程序示例 public class AssertDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { test1(-5); test2(-3); }
private static void test1(int a){ assert a > 0; System.out.println(a); } private static void test2(int a){ assert a > 0 : "something goes wrong here, a cannot be less than 0"; System.out.println(a); } } |
l 在elipse下调试程序AssertDemo，结合程序运行结果理解程序；
l 注释语句test1(-5);后重新运行程序，结合程序运行结果理解程序；
l 掌握断言的使用特点及用法。
package rt;
public class tt {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// test1(-5);
test2(-3);
}
private static void test1(int a){
assert a > 0;
System.out.println(a);
}
private static void test2(int a){
assert a > 0 : "something goes wrong here, a cannot be less than 0";
System.out.println(a);
}
}
实验结果：
实验程序2：
l 用JDK命令调试运行教材298页-300页程序7-2，结合程序运行结果理解程序；
l 并掌握Java日志系统的用途及用法。
package logging;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.logging.*;
import javax.swing.*;
/**
* A modification of the image viewer program that logs various events.
* @version 1.03 2015-08-20
* @author Cay Horstmann
*/
public class LoggingImageViewer
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
if (System.getProperty("java.util.logging.config.class") == null
&& System.getProperty("java.util.logging.config.file") == null)
{
try
{
Logger.getLogger("com.horstmann.corejava").setLevel(Level.ALL);
final int LOG_ROTATION_COUNT = 10;
Handler handler = new FileHandler("%h/LoggingImageViewer.log", 0, LOG_ROTATION_COUNT);
Logger.getLogger("com.horstmann.corejava").addHandler(handler);
}
catch (IOException e)
{
Logger.getLogger("com.horstmann.corejava").log(Level.SEVERE,
"Can‘t create log file handler", e);
}
}
EventQueue.invokeLater(() ->
{
Handler windowHandler = new WindowHandler();
windowHandler.setLevel(Level.ALL);
Logger.getLogger("com.horstmann.corejava").addHandler(windowHandler);
JFrame frame = new ImageViewerFrame();
frame.setTitle("LoggingImageViewer");
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
Logger.getLogger("com.horstmann.corejava").fine("Showing frame");
frame.setVisible(true);
});
}
}
/**
* The frame that shows the image.
*/
class ImageViewerFrame extends JFrame
{
private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300;
private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 400;
private JLabel label;
private static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger("com.horstmann.corejava");
public ImageViewerFrame()
{
logger.entering("ImageViewerFrame", "<init>");
setSize(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT);
// set up menu bar
JMenuBar menuBar = new JMenuBar();
setJMenuBar(menuBar);
JMenu menu = new JMenu("File");
menuBar.add(menu);
JMenuItem openItem = new JMenuItem("Open");
menu.add(openItem);
openItem.addActionListener(new FileOpenListener());
JMenuItem exitItem = new JMenuItem("Exit");
menu.add(exitItem);
exitItem.addActionListener(new ActionListener()
{
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
{
logger.fine("Exiting.");
System.exit(0);
}
});
// use a label to display the images
label = new JLabel();
add(label);
logger.exiting("ImageViewerFrame", "<init>");
}
private class FileOpenListener implements ActionListener
{
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
{
logger.entering("ImageViewerFrame.FileOpenListener", "actionPerformed", event);
// set up file chooser
JFileChooser chooser = new JFileChooser();
chooser.setCurrentDirectory(new File("."));
// accept all files ending with .gif
chooser.setFileFilter(new javax.swing.filechooser.FileFilter()
{
public boolean accept(File f)
{
return f.getName().toLowerCase().endsWith(".gif") || f.isDirectory();
}
public String getDescription()
{
return "GIF Images";
}
});
// show file chooser dialog
int r = chooser.showOpenDialog(ImageViewerFrame.this);
// if image file accepted, set it as icon of the label
if (r == JFileChooser.APPROVE_OPTION)
{
String name = chooser.getSelectedFile().getPath();
logger.log(Level.FINE, "Reading file {0}", name);
label.setIcon(new ImageIcon(name));
}
else logger.fine("File open dialog canceled.");
logger.exiting("ImageViewerFrame.FileOpenListener", "actionPerformed");
}
}
}
/**
* A handler for displaying log records in a window.
*/
class WindowHandler extends StreamHandler
{
private JFrame frame;
public WindowHandler()
{
frame = new JFrame();
final JTextArea output = new JTextArea();
output.setEditable(false);
frame.setSize(200, 200);
frame.add(new JScrollPane(output));
frame.setFocusableWindowState(false);
frame.setVisible(true);
setOutputStream(new OutputStream()
{
public void write(int b)
{
} // not called
public void write(byte[] b, int off, int len)
{
output.append(new String(b, off, len));
}
});
}
public void publish(LogRecord record)
{
if (!frame.isVisible()) return;
super.publish(record);
flush();
}
}
实验结果：
实验程序3：
l 用JDK命令调试运行教材298页-300页程序7-2，结合程序运行结果理解程序；
l 按课件66-77内容练习并掌握Elipse的常用调试技术。
实验总结：
本次实验我的收获还是挺大的，通过一些示例程序的的编译、运行，我对本章的知识有了一定的了解，知道了对于程序中的一些错误的改正方法，也知道了断言的用法和日志的用途。不过本章中依然有一些知识点不是很了解，在今后的学习中我会继续加油，争取搞懂这些不懂的知识点。多多敲代码，希望以后我的编程技术会有很大的进步。
原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/D980321/p/9864921.html
时间： 2024-11-08 14:44:22