案例：
经典案例，以目前流行点外卖的案例，用户下单后，调用订单服务，让后订单服务调用派单系统通知送外卖人员送单，这时候订单系统与派单系统采用MQ异步通讯。
RabbitMQ解决分布式事务原理： 采用最终一致性原理。
需要保证以下三要素
1、确认生产者一定要将数据投递到MQ服务器中（采用MQ消息确认机制）
2、MQ消费者消息能够正确消费消息，采用手动ACK模式，使用不补偿机制（注意重试幂等性问题）
3、如何保证第一个事务先执行，采用补偿机制（补单机制），在创建一个补单消费者进行监听，如果订单没有创建成功，进行补单。
用传统的HTTP协议不能解决高并发：
MQ解决分布式事务一致性
案例中 订单表 和 派单表必须一致！
用MQ 可以做流量削峰值
MQ解决分布式事务最终一致性思想
1. 确保生产者消息 一定要投递到MQ服务器端成功
如果生产者投递消息到MQ服务器成功
场景1 如果消费者消费消息失败了
生产者是不需要回滚事务。 消费者采用手动ack应答方式 进行补偿机制，补偿的过程中注意 幂等性 问题。
分布式事务中遵循base理论 遵循cpa理论
如何确保生产者发送消息一定发送到MQ消息服务器端成功？ confirm机制 确认应答机制
场景2 如果生产者发送消息到MQ服务器端失败
使用生产者重试机制进行发消息
派件表：
create TABLE platoon( id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT, orderId VARCHAR(255), takeout_userId int )
订单表：
create TABLE order_info( id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT, name VARCHAR(30), order_money INT, orderId VARCHAR(255) );
生产者
1.实现接口 implements RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback
2. 重写回调方法 成功 失败的 调用
@Override
public void confirm(CorrelationData correlationData, boolean ack, String cause) {
send方法里面调用回调函数：
this.rabbitTemplate.setMandatory(true);
this.rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback(this);
yml需要配置回调机制：
###开启消息确认机制 confirms
publisher-confirms: true
publisher-returns: true
重试也是有一定次数限制的 如果超过一定次数 就需要进行人工补偿了
上面已经实现了确保消息发送给 消费者 此时的数据不一致问题 就是：
场景3. 如何保证第一个事务先执行，生产者投递消息到MQ服务器成功，消费者消费消息成功了，但是订单事务回滚了。 （生产者投递消息给消费者消费成功 然后 生产者回滚了）
MQ解决分布式原理通过最终一致性解决总体框架图： 交换机采用路由键模式 补单队列和派但队列都绑定同一个路由键
下单：
pom:
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.mayikt</groupId>
<artifactId>rabbitmq_order</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>1.1.1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- mysql 依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- 阿里巴巴数据源 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>1.0.14</version>
</dependency>
<!-- SpringBoot整合Web组件 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- springboot- 整个 lombok -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- 添加springboot对amqp的支持 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--fastjson -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>1.2.49</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
基础包：
public interface ApiConstants {
// 响应请求成功
String HTTP_RES_CODE_200_VALUE = "success";
// 系统错误
String HTTP_RES_CODE_500_VALUE = "fial";
// 响应请求成功code
Integer HTTP_RES_CODE_200 = 200;
// 系统错误
Integer HTTP_RES_CODE_500 = 500;
// 未关联QQ账号
Integer HTTP_RES_CODE_201 = 201;
}
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class BaseApiService {
public ResponseBase setResultError(Integer code, String msg) {
return setResult(code, msg, null);
}
// 返回错误，可以传msg
public ResponseBase setResultError(String msg) {
return setResult(ApiConstants.HTTP_RES_CODE_500, msg, null);
}
// 返回成功，可以传data值
public ResponseBase setResultSuccess(Object data) {
return setResult(ApiConstants.HTTP_RES_CODE_200, ApiConstants.HTTP_RES_CODE_200_VALUE, data);
}
// 返回成功，沒有data值
public ResponseBase setResultSuccess() {
return setResult(ApiConstants.HTTP_RES_CODE_200, ApiConstants.HTTP_RES_CODE_200_VALUE, null);
}
// 返回成功，沒有data值
public ResponseBase setResultSuccess(String msg) {
return setResult(ApiConstants.HTTP_RES_CODE_200, msg, null);
}
// 通用封装
public ResponseBase setResult(Integer code, String msg, Object data) {
return new ResponseBase(code, msg, data);
}
}
import lombok.Data;
@Data
public class ResponseBase {
private Integer rtnCode;
private String msg;
private Object data;
public ResponseBase() {
}
public ResponseBase(Integer rtnCode, String msg, Object data) {
super();
this.rtnCode = rtnCode;
this.msg = msg;
this.data = data;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "ResponseBase [rtnCode=" + rtnCode + ", msg=" + msg + ", data=" + data + "]";
}
}
补偿队列：
import lombok.Data;
@Data
public class ResponseBase {
private Integer rtnCode;
private String msg;
private Object data;
public ResponseBase() {
}
public ResponseBase(Integer rtnCode, String msg, Object data) {
super();
this.rtnCode = rtnCode;
this.msg = msg;
this.data = data;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "ResponseBase [rtnCode=" + rtnCode + ", msg=" + msg + ", data=" + data + "]";
}
}
entity：
import lombok.Data;
@Data
public class OrderEntity {
private Long id;
// 订单名称
private String name;
// 下单金额
private Double orderMoney;
// 订单id
private String orderId;
}
mapper：
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Insert;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Options;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Select;
import com.mayikt.entity.OrderEntity;
public interface OrderMapper {
@Insert(value = "INSERT INTO `order_info` VALUES (#{id}, #{name}, #{orderMoney},#{orderId})")
@Options(useGeneratedKeys = true, keyProperty = "id", keyColumn = "id")
public int addOrder(OrderEntity orderEntity);
@Select("SELECT id as id ,name as name , order_money as orderMoney,orderId as orderId from order_info where orderId=#{orderId};")
public OrderEntity findOrderId(@Param("orderId") String orderId);
}
MQ的配置：
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.DirectExchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.DirectExchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.FanoutExchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class RabbitmqConfig {
// 下单并且派单存队列
public static final String ORDER_DIC_QUEUE = "order_dic_queue";
// 补单队列，判断订单是否已经被创建
public static final String ORDER_CREATE_QUEUE = "order_create_queue";
// 下单并且派单交换机
private static final String ORDER_EXCHANGE_NAME = "order_exchange_name";
// 1.定义订单队列
@Bean
public Queue directOrderDicQueue() {
return new Queue(ORDER_DIC_QUEUE);
}
// 2.定义补订单队列
@Bean
public Queue directCreateOrderQueue() {
return new Queue(ORDER_CREATE_QUEUE);
}
// 2.定义交换机
@Bean
DirectExchange directOrderExchange() {
return new DirectExchange(ORDER_EXCHANGE_NAME);
}
// 3.订单队列与交换机绑定
@Bean
Binding bindingExchangeOrderDicQueue() {
return BindingBuilder.bind(directOrderDicQueue()).to(directOrderExchange()).with("orderRoutingKey");
}
// 3.补单队列与交换机绑定
@Bean
Binding bindingExchangeCreateOrder() {
return BindingBuilder.bind(directCreateOrderQueue()).to(directOrderExchange()).with("orderRoutingKey");
}
}
service：
import java.util.UUID;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.MessageBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.MessageProperties;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.support.CorrelationData;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.mayikt.base.BaseApiService;
import com.mayikt.base.ResponseBase;
import com.mayikt.entity.OrderEntity;
import com.mayikt.mapper.OrderMapper;
@Service
public class OrderService extends BaseApiService implements RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback {
@Autowired
private OrderMapper orderMapper;
@Autowired
private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
public ResponseBase addOrderAndDispatch() {
//先下单 订单表插入数据
OrderEntity orderEntity = new OrderEntity();
orderEntity.setName("黄焖鸡米饭");
// 价格是300元
orderEntity.setOrderMoney(300d);
// 商品id
String orderId = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
orderEntity.setOrderId(orderId);
// 1.先下单，创建订单 (往订单数据库中插入一条数据)
int orderResult = orderMapper.addOrder(orderEntity);
System.out.println("orderResult:" + orderResult);
if (orderResult <= 0) {
return setResultError("下单失败!");
}
// 2.订单表插插入完数据后 订单表发送 外卖小哥
send(orderId);
// int i = 1/0; //发生异常
return setResultSuccess();
}
private void send(String orderId) {
JSONObject jsonObect = new JSONObject();
jsonObect.put("orderId", orderId);
String msg = jsonObect.toJSONString();
System.out.println("msg:" + msg);
// 封装消息
Message message = MessageBuilder.withBody(msg.getBytes()).setContentType(MessageProperties.CONTENT_TYPE_JSON)
.setContentEncoding("utf-8").setMessageId(orderId).build();
// 构建回调返回的数据
CorrelationData correlationData = new CorrelationData(orderId);
// 发送消息
this.rabbitTemplate.setMandatory(true);
this.rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback(this);
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("order_exchange_name", "orderRoutingKey", message, correlationData);
}
// 生产消息确认机制 生产者往服务器端发送消息的时候 采用应答机制
@Override
public void confirm(CorrelationData correlationData, boolean ack, String cause) {
String orderId = correlationData.getId(); //id 都是相同的哦 全局ID
System.out.println("消息id:" + correlationData.getId());
if (ack) { //消息发送成功
System.out.println("消息发送确认成功");
} else {
//重试机制
send(orderId);
System.out.println("消息发送确认失败:" + cause);
}
}
}
controller：
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import com.mayikt.base.BaseApiService;
import com.mayikt.base.ResponseBase;
import com.mayikt.service.OrderService;
@RestController
public class OrderController extends BaseApiService {
@Autowired
private OrderService orderService;
@RequestMapping("/addOrder")
public ResponseBase addOrder() {
return orderService.addOrderAndDispatch();
}
}
yml：
spring:
rabbitmq:
####连接地址
host: 192.168.91.6
####端口号
port: 5672
####账号
username: admin
####密码
password: admin
### 地址
virtual-host: /admin_toov5
###开启消息确认机制 confirms
publisher-confirms: true
publisher-returns: true
#数据库连接信息
datasource:
name: test
url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/test?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&autoReconnect=true&rewriteBatchedStatements=TRUE
username: root
password: root
# 使用druid数据源
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
启动类：
package com.mayikt;
import org.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@MapperScan("com.mayikt.mapper")
@SpringBootApplication
public class AppOrder {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(AppOrder.class, args);
}
}
派单：
Entity:
package com.mayikt.entity;
import lombok.Data;
@Data
public class DispatchEntity {
private Long id;
// 订单号
private String orderId;
// 外卖员id
private Long takeoutUserId;
}
Mapper:
package com.mayikt.mapper;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Insert;
import com.mayikt.entity.DispatchEntity;
public interface DispatchMapper {
/**
* 新增派单任务
*/
@Insert("INSERT into platoon values (null,#{orderId},#{takeoutUserId});")
public int insertDistribute(DispatchEntity distributeEntity);
}
consumer:
做一些路由器 队列 路由键的绑定 声明工作
package com.mayikt.rabbitmq.consumer;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.DirectExchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.DirectExchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.FanoutExchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class RabbitmqConfig {
// 下单并且派单存队列
public static final String ORDER_DIC_QUEUE = "order_dic_queue";
// 补单队列，判断订单是否已经被创建
public static final String ORDER_CREATE_QUEUE = "order_create_queue";
// 下单并且派单交换机
private static final String ORDER_EXCHANGE_NAME = "order_exchange_name";
// 1.定义派单队列
@Bean
public Queue OrderDicQueue() {
return new Queue(ORDER_DIC_QUEUE);
}
/*
// 2.定义补订单队列
@Bean
public Queue directCreateOrderQueue() {
return new Queue(ORDER_CREATE_QUEUE);
}*/
// 2.定义交换机
@Bean
DirectExchange directOrderExchange() {
return new DirectExchange(ORDER_EXCHANGE_NAME);
}
// 3.订单队列与交换机绑定
@Bean
Binding bindingExchangeOrderDicQueue() {
return BindingBuilder.bind(OrderDicQueue()).to(directOrderExchange()).with("orderRoutingKey");
}
/*// 3.补单队列与交换机绑定
@Bean
Binding bindingExchangeCreateOrder() {
return BindingBuilder.bind(OrderDicQueue()).to(directOrderExchange()).with("orderRoutingKey");
}*/
}
派件消费：
package com.mayikt.rabbitmq.consumer;
import java.util.Map;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.messaging.handler.annotation.Headers;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.mayikt.entity.DispatchEntity;
import com.mayikt.mapper.DispatchMapper;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
/**
* 派单服务
*/
@Component
public class DispatchConsumer {
@Autowired
private DispatchMapper dispatchMapper;
@RabbitListener(queues = "order_dic_queue")
public void process(Message message, @Headers Map<String, Object> headers, Channel channel) throws Exception {
String messageId = message.getMessageProperties().getMessageId();
String msg = new String(message.getBody(), "UTF-8");
System.out.println("派单服务平台" + msg + ",消息id:" + messageId);
JSONObject jsonObject = JSONObject.parseObject(msg);
String orderId = jsonObject.getString("orderId");
if (StringUtils.isEmpty(orderId)) {
// 日志记录
return;
}
DispatchEntity dispatchEntity = new DispatchEntity();
// 订单id
dispatchEntity.setOrderId(orderId);
// 外卖员id
dispatchEntity.setTakeoutUserId(12l);
try {
int insertDistribute = dispatchMapper.insertDistribute(dispatchEntity);
if (insertDistribute > 0) {
// 手动签收消息,通知mq服务器端删除该消息
channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(), false);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
// // 丢弃该消息
channel.basicNack(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(), false, false);
}
}
}
启动类：
package com.mayikt;
import org.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@MapperScan("com.mayikt.mapper")
@SpringBootApplication
public class AppDispatch {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(AppDispatch.class, args);
}
}
yml：
spring:
rabbitmq:
####连接地址
host: 192.168.91.6
####端口号
port: 5672
####账号
username: admin
####密码
password: admin
### 地址
virtual-host: /admin_toov5
listener:
simple:
retry:
####开启消费者（程序出现异常的情况下会）进行重试
enabled: true
####最大重试次数
max-attempts: 5
####重试间隔次数
initial-interval: 3000
####开启手动ack
acknowledge-mode: manual
#数据库连接信息
datasource:
name: test
url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/test?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&autoReconnect=true&rewriteBatchedStatements=TRUE
username: root
password: root
# 使用druid数据源
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
server:
port: 8081
pom：
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.itmayiedu</groupId>
<artifactId>rabbitmq_stock</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>1.1.1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- mysql 依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- 阿里巴巴数据源 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>1.0.14</version>
</dependency>
<!-- SpringBoot整合Web组件 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- springboot- 整个 lombok -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- 添加springboot对amqp的支持 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--fastjson -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>1.2.49</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/toov5/p/10289999.html
时间： 2024-09-30 10:15:53