title: 【初识Spring】对象(Bean)实例化及属性注入(xml方式)
date: 2018-08-29 17:35:15
tags: [Java,Web,Spring]
---
?#初识Spring之Bean实例化及属性注入
1.通过xml配置的方式进行实例化。
- 配置文件中bean标签的常用属性
- 通过无参构造(常用)
- 使用静态工厂进行创建
- 使用实例工厂进行创建
2.属性注入。
- 使用有参数构造方法注入属性
- 使用set方法注入属性(常用)
- 注入对象类型属性
- 注入复杂类型属性
xml配置的方式进行实例化
- 配置文件中bean标签的属性
(1)id属性:起名称,id属性值名称任意命名
- id属性值,不能包含特殊符号
- 根据id值得到配置对象
(2)class属性:创建对象所在类的全路径
(3)name属性:功能和id属性一样的,id属性值不能包含特殊符号,但是在name属性值里面可以包含特殊符号
(4)scope属性
- singleton:默认值,单例
- prototype:多例
- 无参构造实例化对象
//phone类:
package com.test.vo;
public class Phone {
public void printTest() {
System.out.print("Phone.......");
}
}
<!--applicationContext.xml配置文件-->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--引入约束-->
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="phone" class="com.test.vo.Phone"></bean>
</beans>
//测试类
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//加载配置文件,创建对象
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
//得到配置创建的对象
Phone Phone = (Phone) context.getBean("phone");
//调用对象方法
Phone.printTest();
}
}
注:java类中默认有无参构造方法,若类中已声明了有参构造,则需手动声明无参构造方法。
- 使用静态工厂进行创建
//静态工厂类
package com.test.utils;
import com.test.vo.Phone;
public class BeanFactory {
//静态方法,返回Phone对象
public static Phone getPhone() {
return new Phone();
}
}
//创建的对象为Phone类对象不变
//配置文件改为:
<!--applicationContext.xml配置文件-->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--引入约束-->
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<!--class为静态工厂的路径,factory-method为工厂的方法-->
<bean id="phoneFa" class="com.test.utils.BeanFactory" factory-method="getPhone"></bean>
</beans>
//测试类
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
Phone Phone = (Phone) context.getBean("phoneFa");
Phone.printTest();
}
}
- 使用实例工厂进行创建
//实列工厂类:
import com.test.vo.Phone;
public class BeanUFactory {
//普通方法,返回Phone对象
public Phone getPhone() {
return new Phone();
}
}
配置文件修改:
<!-- 1.先创建工厂对象 -->
<!-- 2.再创建Phone对象 -->
<bean id="BeanUFactory" class="com.test.utils.BeanUFactory"></bean>
<bean id="phoneUFa" factory-bean="BeanUFactory" factory-method="getPhone"></bean>
//测试类:
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
Phone Phone = (Phone) context.getBean("phoneUFa");
Phone.printTest();
}
}
属性注入
- 使用有参数构造方法注入属性:
Phone类改写为:
public class Phone {
private String name;
//显示声明无参构造
public Phone() {}
//有参构造
public Phone(String name) {
this.name=name;
}
public void printTest() {
System.out.print(name+"Phone.......");
}
}
applicationContext.xml配置文件修改为:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--引入约束-->
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<!--class为静态工厂的路径,factory-method为工厂的方法-->
<bean id="phoneFa" class="com.test.utils.BeanFactory" factory-method="getPhone">
<!--name为构造方法的参数名,value为要将其设置的值-->
<constructor-arg name="name" value="诺基亚"></constructor-arg>
</bean>
</beans>
测试类:
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
Phone Phone = (Phone) context.getBean("phoneFa");
Phone.printTest();
}
}
结果:
诺基亚Phone.......
- 使用set方法注入属性:
Phone类改写为:
public class Phone {
private String name;
//set方法
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public void printTest() {
System.out.print(name+"Phone.......");
}
}
applicationContext.xml配置文件修改为:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--引入约束-->
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<!--class为静态工厂的路径,factory-method为工厂的方法-->
<bean id="phoneFa" class="com.test.utils.BeanFactory" factory-method="getPhone">
<!--name为要注入的属性的名称,value为要将其设置的值-->
<property name="name" value="三星"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
结果:
三星Phone.......
- 注入对象类型属性
新建Person类:
public class Person {
private String name;
private String sex;
private String age;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getSex() {
return sex;
}
public void setSex(String sex) {
this.sex = sex;
}
public String getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(String age) {
this.age = age;
}
}
Phone类修改为:
package com.test.vo;
public class Phone {
private String name;
private Person person;
//set方法
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public void setPerson(Person person) {
this.person = person;
}
public void printTest() {
System.out.print(person.getName()+"::"+person.getAge()+"::"+person.getSex());
}
}
配置文件作如下修改:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="person" class="com.test.vo.Person" scope="prototype">
<property name="name" value="小王"></property>
<property name="sex" value="man"></property>
<property name="age" value="11"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="phone" class="com.test.vo.Phone">
<!-- 因注入的是对象写ref属性 -->
<property name="person" ref="person"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
测试方法不变,结果为:
小王::11::man
- 注入复杂类型属性
Phone类修改为:
package com.test.vo;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
public class Phone {
private String arr[];
private List<Integer> list;
private Map<String,String> map;
//set方法
public void setArr(String[] arr) {
this.arr = arr;
}
public void setList(List<Integer> list) {
this.list = list;
}
public void setMap(Map<String, String> map) {
this.map = map;
}
public void printTest() {
System.out.println("arr:"+Arrays.toString(arr));
System.out.println("list:"+list);
System.out.println("map:"+map);
}
}
配置文件作如下修改:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="phone" class="com.test.vo.Phone">
<!-- 数组 -->
<property name="arr">
<list>
<value>小米</value>
<value>中兴</value>
<value>华为</value>
</list>
</property>
<!-- list集合 -->
<property name="list">
<list>
<value>1</value>
<value>2</value>
<value>3</value>
</list>
</property>
<!-- map集合 -->
<property name="map">
<map>
<entry key="aa" value="lucy"></entry>
<entry key="bb" value="bob"></entry>
<entry key="cc" value="jerry"></entry>
</map>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>
结果如下:
arr:[小米, 中兴, 华为]
list:[1, 2, 3]
map:{aa=lucy, bb=bob, cc=jerry}
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/flytree/p/11622685.html
时间: 2024-10-25 05:15:49