本文分析基于Linux Kernel 1.2.13
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作者:闫明
注:标题中的”(上)“,”(下)“表示分析过程基于数据包的传递方向:”(上)“表示分析是从底层向上分析、”(下)“表示分析是从上向下分析。
上篇分析了应用层经过BSD socket层到INET socket层的函数调用关系和数据的处理流程,INET层会调用具体的传输层协议,还是以UDP协议为例
udp_write()函数
[cpp] view plaincopy
- static int udp_write(struct sock *sk, unsigned char *buff, int len, int noblock,
- unsigned flags)
- {
- return(udp_sendto(sk, buff, len, noblock, flags, NULL, 0));
- }
在分析udp_sendto()函数之前,先了解一下sockaddr_in结构,这是标准的网络接口地址结构的定义
[cpp] view plaincopy
- struct sockaddr_in {
- short int sin_family; /* Address family 地址族 */
- unsigned short int sin_port; /* Port number 端口号 */
- struct in_addr sin_addr; /* Internet address 网络地址 */
- /* Pad to size of `struct sockaddr‘. */
- unsigned char __pad[__SOCK_SIZE__ - sizeof(short int) -
- sizeof(unsigned short int) - sizeof(struct in_addr)];
- };
- #define sin_zero __pad /* for BSD UNIX comp. -FvK */
udp_sentdto()函数
[cpp] view plaincopy
- static int udp_sendto(struct sock *sk, unsigned char *from, int len, int noblock,
- unsigned flags, struct sockaddr_in *usin, int addr_len)
- {
- struct sockaddr_in sin;
- int tmp;
- /*
- * Check the flags. We support no flags for UDP sending
- */
- if (flags&~MSG_DONTROUTE)
- return(-EINVAL);
- /*
- * Get and verify the address.
- */
- if (usin) //如果usin不是空
- {
- if (addr_len < sizeof(sin))
- return(-EINVAL);
- memcpy(&sin,usin,sizeof(sin));
- if (sin.sin_family && sin.sin_family != AF_INET)
- return(-EINVAL);
- if (sin.sin_port == 0)
- return(-EINVAL);
- }
- else //usin为空
- {
- if (sk->state != TCP_ESTABLISHED)
- return(-EINVAL);
- sin.sin_family = AF_INET;//协议族
- sin.sin_port = sk->dummy_th.dest;//目的端口
- sin.sin_addr.s_addr = sk->daddr;//目的地址
- }
- /*
- * BSD socket semantics. You must set SO_BROADCAST to permit
- * broadcasting of data.
- */
- if(sin.sin_addr.s_addr==INADDR_ANY)//目的地址是全0地址,对应当前主机
- sin.sin_addr.s_addr=ip_my_addr();//将目的地址设为当前主机的网络地址
- if(!sk->broadcast && ip_chk_addr(sin.sin_addr.s_addr)==IS_BROADCAST)
- return -EACCES; /* Must turn broadcast on first */
- sk->inuse = 1;
- /* Send the packet. */
- tmp = udp_send(sk, &sin, from, len, flags);//调用udp_send()真正的发送数据
- /* The datagram has been sent off. Release the socket. */
- release_sock(sk);
- return(tmp);
- }
udp_send()函数
[cpp] view plaincopy
- static int udp_send(struct sock *sk, //要发送的数据包使用的协议对用的sock结构
- struct sockaddr_in *sin,//目的端的标准的网络接口地址
- unsigned char *from,//要发送的数据所在地址
- int len,//发送数据的长度
- int rt)
- {
- struct sk_buff *skb;
- struct device *dev;
- struct udphdr *uh;
- unsigned char *buff;
- unsigned long saddr;
- int size, tmp;
- int ttl;
- /*
- * Allocate an sk_buff copy of the packet.
- */
- size = sk->prot->max_header + len;//计算大小为UDP最长表头+ 数据长度
- skb = sock_alloc_send_skb(sk, size, 0, &tmp);//根据要发送的数据分配sk_buff结构空间并对当前套接字状态检查
- if (skb == NULL)
- return tmp;
- skb->sk = NULL; /* to avoid changing sk->saddr */
- skb->free = 1;
- skb->localroute = sk->localroute|(rt&MSG_DONTROUTE);
- /*
- * Now build the IP and MAC header.
- */
- buff = skb->data;//将skb中的数据指针赋值给buff指针
- saddr = sk->saddr;//本地地址
- dev = NULL;
- ttl = sk->ip_ttl;//生存时间
- #ifdef CONFIG_IP_MULTICAST
- if (MULTICAST(sin->sin_addr.s_addr))
- ttl = sk->ip_mc_ttl;
- #endif
- tmp = sk->prot->build_header(skb, saddr, sin->sin_addr.s_addr,
- &dev, IPPROTO_UDP, sk->opt, skb->mem_len,sk->ip_tos,ttl);//调用ip_build_header()创建IP报头和调用ip_send()创建MAC首部
- skb->sk=sk; /* So memory is freed correctly */
- /*
- * Unable to put a header on the packet.
- */
- if (tmp < 0 )
- {
- sk->prot->wfree(sk, skb->mem_addr, skb->mem_len);
- return(tmp);
- }
- buff += tmp;
- saddr = skb->saddr; /*dev->pa_addr;*/
- skb->len = tmp + sizeof(struct udphdr) + len; /* len + UDP + IP + MAC */
- skb->dev = dev;
- /*
- * Fill in the UDP header. 填写UDP的报头
- */
- uh = (struct udphdr *) buff;
- uh->len = htons(len + sizeof(struct udphdr));//数据包长度
- uh->source = sk->dummy_th.source;//本地端口
- uh->dest = sin->sin_port;//远端端口
- buff = (unsigned char *) (uh + 1);
- /*
- * Copy the user data.
- */
- memcpy_fromfs(buff, from, len);//复制用户数据
- /*
- * Set up the UDP checksum.
- */
- udp_send_check(uh, saddr, sin->sin_addr.s_addr, skb->len - tmp, sk);//计算UDP报头的校验和
- /*
- * Send the datagram to the interface.
- */
- udp_statistics.UdpOutDatagrams++;
- sk->prot->queue_xmit(sk, dev, skb, 1);//调用IP层函数发送数据
- return(len);
- }
这样要发送的数据填充的sk_buff结构中之后再对UDP数据包添加IP数据报头和MAC帧的首部。最后调用IP层的发送函数发送数据包。
时间: 2024-09-30 18:55:20