本文主要借鉴和引用了下面2个地址的内容，然后在自己的机器上进行了测试和执行，并做了如下记录。
ref:
http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-26760055-id-3128132.html
http://www.111cn.net/sys/linux/61591.htm
创建测试目录
mkdir /tmp/create_key/ca
cd /tmp/create_key/
证书文件生成:
一.服务器端
1.生成服务器端 私钥(key文件);
openssl genrsa -des3 -out server.key 1024
运行时会提示输入密码,此密码用于加密key文件(参数des3是加密算法,也可以选用其他安全的算法),以后每当需读取此文件(通过openssl提供的命令或API)都需输入口令.如果不要口令,则去除口令:openssl rsa -in server.key -out
server.key
2.生成服务器端 证书签名请求文件(csr文件);
openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr
生成Certificate Signing Request（CSR）,生成的csr文件交给CA签名后形成服务端自己的证书.屏幕上将有提示,依照其 提示一步一步输入要求的个人信息即可(如:Country,province,city,company等).
二.客户端
1.生成客户端 私钥(key文件);
openssl genrsa -des3 -out client.key 1024
2.生成客户端
证书签名请求文件(csr文件);
openssl req -new -key client.key -out client.csr
cd /tmp/create_key/ca
三.生成CA证书文件
#server.csr与client.csr文件必须有CA的签名才可形成证书.
1.首先生成CA的key文件:
openssl genrsa -des3 -out ca.key 1024
2.生成CA自签名证书:
openssl req -new -x509 -key ca.key -out ca.crt
可以加证书过期时间选项 "-days 365".
四.利用CA证书进行签名
openssl ca -in ../server.csr -out ../server.crt -cert ca.crt -keyfile ca.key
openssl
ca -in ../client.csr -out ../client.crt -cert ca.crt -keyfile ca.key
这两条执行的时候因为没有指定openssl.cnf
会报错，不过没关系，我们用默认的 /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf 就可以。
不过用默认的时候需要先执行下面两行：
touch
/etc/pki/CA/index.txt
echo
00 > /etc/pki/CA/serial
下面有错误案例分析
#############################################################
根据server.csr 通过CA的ca.crt
ca.key 生成server.crt文件
openssl ca -in ../server.csr -out ../server.crt -cert ca.crt -keyfile ca.key
Using configuration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf
Enter pass phrase for ca.key:
/etc/pki/CA/index.txt: No such file or directory
unable to open ‘/etc/pki/CA/index.txt‘
140423531685704:error:02001002:system library:fopen:No such file or directory:bss_file.c:355:fopen(‘/etc/pki/CA/index.txt‘,‘r‘)
140423531685704:error:20074002:BIO routines:FILE_CTRL:system lib:bss_file.c:357:
[[email protected] ca]# touch /etc/pki/CA/index.txt #创建index文件，因为不存在
[[email protected] ca]# openssl ca -in ../server.csr -out ../server.crt -cert ca.crt -keyfile ca.key
Using configuration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf
Enter pass phrase for ca.key:
/etc/pki/CA/serial: No such file or directory
error while loading serial number
139949960836936:error:02001002:system library:fopen:No such file or directory:bss_file.c:355:fopen(‘/etc/pki/CA/serial‘,‘r‘)
139949960836936:error:20074002:BIO routines:FILE_CTRL:system lib:bss_file.c:357:
[[email protected] ca]# echo 00 > /etc/pki/CA/serial #创建serial号文件
[[email protected] ca]# openssl ca -in ../server.csr -out ../server.crt -cert ca.crt -keyfile ca.key
Using configuration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf
Enter pass phrase for ca.key:
Check that the request matches the signature
Signature ok
The organizationName field needed to be the same in the
CA certificate (homelink-ca) and the request (homelink)
#此处报错是因为创建CA的ca.crt 时候 和创建server的server.csr时候
#Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:homelink-ca 和
#Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:homelink
#配置的不再一个域，所以不行，下面重建ca.crt
[[email protected] ca]# openssl req -new -x509 -key ca.key -out ca.crt
Enter pass phrase for ca.key:
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter ‘.‘, the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) []:bj
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:bj
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:homelink
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:homelink-lft
Common Name (eg, your name or your server‘s hostname) []:lft
Email Address []:
[[email protected] ca]# ls -lrt
total 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 963 May 22 14:39 ca.key
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 944 May 22 16:16 ca.crt
#重新创建ca.crt后，重新执行，生成成功
[[email protected] ca]# openssl ca -in ../server.csr -out ../server.crt -cert ca.crt -keyfile ca.key
Using configuration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf
Enter pass phrase for ca.key:
Check that the request matches the signature
Signature ok
Certificate Details:
Serial Number: 0 (0x0)
Validity
Not Before: May 22 08:16:25 2015 GMT
Not After : May 21 08:16:25 2016 GMT
Subject:
countryName = CN
stateOrProvinceName = bj
organizationName = homelink
organizationalUnitName = homelink-lft
commonName = lft
X509v3 extensions:
X509v3 Basic Constraints:
CA:FALSE
Netscape Comment:
OpenSSL Generated Certificate
X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
00:2C:34:0A:73:5C:1A:E6:39:48:28:6F:8F:02:F6:BC:58:6F:25:55
X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
keyid:83:70:9D:4E:3F:39:01:3E:7A:CE:B9:2B:0E:1A:FB:00:2A:C3:11:D9
Certificate is to be certified until May 21 08:16:25 2016 GMT (365 days)
Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y
1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y
Write out database with 1 new entries
Data Base Updated
[[email protected] ca]# ls -lrt
total 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 963 May 22 14:39 ca.key
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 944 May 22 16:16 ca.crt
[[email protected] ca]# ls -lrt ..
total 28
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 963 May 22 13:51 server.key
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 672 May 22 13:52 server.csr
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 963 May 22 14:36 client.key
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 672 May 22 14:37 client.csr
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 May 22 14:40 ca
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 238 May 22 15:07 readme.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3036 May 22 16:16 server.crt
#然后生成客户端的client.crt 文件
openssl ca -in ../client.csr -out ../client.crt -cert ca.crt -keyfile ca.key