数据库版本：11.2.0.4.0
补丁要求环境：linux64（此处以该版本为例）
补丁注意事项：可以滚动升级。需要关闭该节点数据库，并关闭该节点的集群服务与相关进程。
补丁流程：
1、 unzip补丁包（建议路径为/u01）
2、关闭节点数据库与相关数据库资源
3、替换OPatch
4、进入补丁的路径下，opatch apply
常见错误处理：
Q1：有活动的lib包，不能进行补丁。
A1：有程序持有相关lib的句柄。lsof lib,找到持有该lib的句柄程序，关闭改程序即可。
Q2：补丁打完后，无法identify controlfile
A2：在rac环境下打该补丁必须关闭集群相关服务，若未关闭会引起asm注册的问题。在所有节点下执行
[email protected]:/u01/app/grid/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin$ ./setasmgidwrap -o /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/oracle
重新注册asm到oracle即可。
Q3：opatch版本过低
A3：下载p6880880补丁包，解压补丁后，替换ORACLE_HOME/OPacth
补充：未关闭asm情况下的，数据库启动日志关键部分如下
NOTE: Loaded library: System
ORA-15025: could not open disk "/dev/mapper/asmdata01"
ORA-27041: unable to open file
Linux-x86_64 Error: 13: Permission denied
Additional information: 9
ORA-15025: could not open disk "/dev/mapper/asmdata02"
ORA-27041: unable to open file
Linux-x86_64 Error: 13: Permission denied
Additional information: 9
ORA-15025: could not open disk "/dev/mapper/asmdata03"
ORA-27041: unable to open file
Linux-x86_64 Error: 13: Permission denied
Additional information: 9
SUCCESS: diskgroup DATADG was dismounted
ERROR: diskgroup DATADG was not mounted
ORA-00210: cannot open the specified control file
ORA-00202: control file: ‘+DATADG/pmsgs/controlfile/current.256.875718133‘
ORA-17503: ksfdopn:2 Failed to open file +DATADG/pmsgs/controlfile/current.256.875718133
ORA-15001: diskgroup "DATADG" does not exist or is not mounted
ORA-15040: diskgroup is incomplete
ORA-15040: diskgroup is incomplete
ORA-15040: diskgroup is incomplete
ORA-205 signalled during: ALTER DATABASE MOUNT...
Sat Apr 23 04:28:03 2016
ALTER SYSTEM SET local_listener=‘ (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=10.212.242.199)(PORT=1521))‘ SCOPE=MEMORY SID=‘pmsgs1‘;
Sat Apr 23 04:28:29 2016
Reconfiguration started (old inc 2, new inc 4)
List of instances:
1 2 (myinst: 1)
Global Resource Directory frozen
Communication channels reestablished
Master broadcasted resource hash value bitmaps
Non-local Process blocks cleaned out
Sat Apr 23 04:28:30 2016
LMS 1: 0 GCS shadows cancelled, 0 closed, 0 Xw survived
Sat Apr 23 04:28:30 2016
LMS 3: 0 GCS shadows cancelled, 0 closed, 0 Xw survived
Sat Apr 23 04:28:30 2016
LMS 0: 0 GCS shadows cancelled, 0 closed, 0 Xw survived
Sat Apr 23 04:28:30 2016
LMS 2: 0 GCS shadows cancelled, 0 closed, 0 Xw survived
Set master node info
Submitted all remote-enqueue requests
Dwn-cvts replayed, VALBLKs dubious
All grantable enqueues granted
Post SMON to start 1st pass IR
Submitted all GCS remote-cache requests
Post SMON to start 1st pass IR
Fix write in gcs resources
Reconfiguration complete
Sat Apr 23 04:28:32 2016
Starting ORACLE instance (normal)
Sat Apr 23 04:29:28 2016
Warning: VKTM detected a time drift.
Time drifts can result in an unexpected behavior such as time-outs. Please check trace file for more details.
Sat Apr 23 04:33:25 2016
Shutting down instance (immediate)