app1
(建议读者在看本章之前,先看how tomcat works 读书笔记(一)----------一个简单的web服务器 http://blog.csdn.net/dlf123321/article/details/39378157)
回顾我们上一章,我们开发了一个最最简单的web服务器,它可以使用户访问服务器内的静态资源。当然这是远远不够的,在这一节里,我们就试着让服务器在能相应静态资源的基础上继续支持servlet。
servlet接口
javax.servlet.Servlet接口定义了五个方法,如下:
我们所使用的servlet都是Servlet接口的间接实现类。
每当我们实例化一个servlet的时候,servlet容器都会先唯一的调用一次init()方法进行初始化,然后再调用service()方法来处理用户的需求,最后在销毁servlet前容器会调用destroy()方法。
我们看看,这一节我们要用的测试servlet。
import javax.servlet.*; import com.jspsmart.upload.Request; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.PrintWriter; public class PrimitiveServlet implements Servlet { public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException { System.out.println("init"); } public void service(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { System.out.println("from service"); PrintWriter out = response.getWriter(); out.println("Hello. Roses are red."); out.print("Violets are blue."); // out.flush(); } public void destroy() { System.out.println("destroy"); } public String getServletInfo() { return null; } public ServletConfig getServletConfig() { return null; } }
Servlet定义的5个方法,它都实现了(不过我们这一节要实现的servlet还没有能力自动调用init和destroy方法)。
再看看我们的主方法,程序就从这里开始(和上一节的HttpServer差别不是很大)
package ex02.pyrmont; import java.net.Socket; import java.net.ServerSocket; import java.net.InetAddress; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.io.IOException; public class HttpServer1 { /** WEB_ROOT is the directory where our HTML and other files reside. * For this package, WEB_ROOT is the "webroot" directory under the working * directory. * The working directory is the location in the file system * from where the java command was invoked. */ // shutdown command private static final String SHUTDOWN_COMMAND = "/SHUTDOWN"; // the shutdown command received private boolean shutdown = false; public static void main(String[] args) { HttpServer1 server = new HttpServer1(); server.await(); } public void await() { ServerSocket serverSocket = null; int port = 8080; try { serverSocket = new ServerSocket(port, 1, InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1")); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); System.exit(1); } // Loop waiting for a request while (!shutdown) { Socket socket = null; InputStream input = null; OutputStream output = null; try { socket = serverSocket.accept(); input = socket.getInputStream(); output = socket.getOutputStream(); // create Request object and parse Request request = new Request(input); request.parse(); // create Response object Response response = new Response(output); response.setRequest(request); //没有再这里直接处理静态资源 //而是判断到底请求的事静态资源还是servlet // check if this is a request for a servlet or a static resource // a request for a servlet begins with "/servlet/" if (request.getUri().startsWith("/servlet/")) { ServletProcessor1 processor = new ServletProcessor1(); processor.process(request, response); } else { StaticResourceProcessor processor = new StaticResourceProcessor(); processor.process(request, response); } // Close the socket socket.close(); //check if the previous URI is a shutdown command shutdown = request.getUri().equals(SHUTDOWN_COMMAND); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); System.exit(1); } } } }
大家可以很清楚地看到,这部分和上一节的不同主要就在response部分,更准确的说就是在这
if (request.getUri().startsWith("/servlet/")) { ServletProcessor1 processor = new ServletProcessor1(); processor.process(request, response); } else { StaticResourceProcessor processor = new StaticResourceProcessor(); processor.process(request, response); }
我们看看,如果请求是以servlet开头的该如何处理。
package ex02.pyrmont; import java.net.URL; import java.net.URLClassLoader; import java.net.URLStreamHandler; import java.io.File; import java.io.IOException; import javax.servlet.Servlet; import javax.servlet.ServletRequest; import javax.servlet.ServletResponse; public class ServletProcessor1 { public void process(Request request, Response response) { String uri = request.getUri(); String servletName = uri.substring(uri.lastIndexOf("/") + 1); URLClassLoader loader = null; try { // create a URLClassLoader //try部分的主要功能就是产生一个URLClassLoader URL[] urls = new URL[1]; URLStreamHandler streamHandler = null; File classPath = new File(Constants.WEB_ROOT); //下面的URL构造函数为 //java.net.URL.URL(String protocol, String host, String file) throws MalformedURLException String repository = (new URL("file", null, classPath.getCanonicalPath() + File.separator)).toString() ; System.out.println(servletName+"*****"+Constants.WEB_ROOT+" "+repository); //下面的URL构造函数为 //java.net.URL.URL(URL context, String spec, URLStreamHandler handler) throws MalformedURLException //至于 URLStreamHandler是什么东西 暂时不必理会 urls[0] = new URL(null, repository, streamHandler); loader = new URLClassLoader(urls); } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println(e.toString() ); } Class<?> myClass = null; try { myClass = loader.loadClass(servletName); //加载请求的servlet } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { System.out.println(e.toString()); } Servlet servlet = null; try { servlet = (Servlet) myClass.newInstance(); //生成实例 并调用service方法 servlet.service((ServletRequest) request, (ServletResponse) response); } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println(e.toString()); } catch (Throwable e) { System.out.println(e.toString()); } } }
看看另一部分,如果请求的不是servlet(这一节就是静态资源)该如何处理
package ex02.pyrmont; import java.io.IOException; public class StaticResourceProcessor { public void process(Request request, Response response) { try { response.sendStaticResource(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
跟第一节没有什么区别。
我们的request类要实现ServletRequest接口
package ex02.pyrmont; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException; import java.util.Enumeration; import java.util.Locale; import java.util.Map; import javax.servlet.AsyncContext; import javax.servlet.DispatcherType; import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher; import javax.servlet.ServletContext; import javax.servlet.ServletInputStream; import javax.servlet.ServletRequest; import javax.servlet.ServletResponse; public class Request implements ServletRequest { private InputStream input; private String uri; public Request(InputStream input) { this.input = input; } public String getUri() { return uri; } private String parseUri(String requestString) { int index1, index2; index1 = requestString.indexOf(' '); if (index1 != -1) { index2 = requestString.indexOf(' ', index1 + 1); if (index2 > index1) return requestString.substring(index1 + 1, index2); } return null; } public void parse() { // Read a set of characters from the socket StringBuffer request = new StringBuffer(2048); int i; byte[] buffer = new byte[2048]; try { i = input.read(buffer); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); i = -1; } for (int j=0; j<i; j++) { request.append((char) buffer[j]); } System.out.print(request.toString()); uri = parseUri(request.toString()); } public void removeAttribute(String attribute) { } public void setAttribute(String key, Object value) { } public void setCharacterEncoding(String encoding) throws UnsupportedEncodingException { } //缺少的方法 用Eclipse自动生成即可 不再赘述 }
同样的response也要实现ServletResponse接口
package ex02.pyrmont; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.io.File; import java.io.PrintWriter; import java.util.Locale; import javax.servlet.ServletResponse; import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream; import com.sun.org.apache.bcel.internal.generic.NEW; public class Response implements ServletResponse { private static final int BUFFER_SIZE = 1024; Request request; OutputStream output; PrintWriter writer; public Response(OutputStream output) { this.output = output; } public void setRequest(Request request) { this.request = request; } /* This method is used to serve a static page */ public void sendStaticResource() throws IOException { byte[] bytes = new byte[BUFFER_SIZE]; FileInputStream fis = null; try { /* request.getUri has been replaced by request.getRequestURI */ System.out.println(Constants.WEB_ROOT+" ***** "+ request.getUri()); File file = new File(Constants.WEB_ROOT, request.getUri()); fis = new FileInputStream(file); /* HTTP Response = Status-Line *(( general-header | response-header | entity-header ) CRLF) CRLF [ message-body ] Status-Line = HTTP-Version SP Status-Code SP Reason-Phrase CRLF */ int ch = fis.read(bytes, 0, BUFFER_SIZE); System.out.println("response **"); while (ch!=-1) { output.write(bytes, 0, ch); ch = fis.read(bytes, 0, BUFFER_SIZE); } } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { String errorMessage = "HTTP/1.1 404 File Not Found\r\n" + "Content-Type: text/html\r\n" + "Content-Length: 23\r\n" + "\r\n" + "<h1>File Not Found</h1>"; output.write(errorMessage.getBytes()); } finally { if (fis!=null) fis.close(); } } public PrintWriter getWriter() throws IOException { // autoflush is true, println() will flush, // but print() will not. writer = new PrintWriter(output, true); return writer; } //一样 部分代码 直接让Eclipse 自动生成即可 }
试验一下
http://localhost:8080/servlet/PrimitiveServlet
控制台显示
GET /servlet/PrimitiveServlet HTTP/1.1
Accept: image/gif, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, image/pjpeg, application/x-shockwave-flash,
Accept-Language: zh-cn
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; SV1)
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Host: localhost:8080
Connection: Keep-Alive
PrimitiveServlet*****D:\Java Code\UpLoad\webroot file:D:\Java Code\UpLoad\webroot\
from service
大家仔细看看
Violets are blue. 这句话没有打印出来
大家看看Response类getWriter方法里的PrintWriter一行
上面的英文,我就不解释了
这个bug在以后的版本中会修改
app2
上面的代码其实还存在一个问题
在request部分中parseUri是private的,在这一节中这样其实是可以的,但问题是这个方法有可能在外部类中使用,应该是public的。
如果改成public,问题又出现了
public void service(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { System.out.println("from service"); Request r=(Request) request; System.out.println(r.parseUri("sdf")); PrintWriter out = response.getWriter(); out.println("Hello. Roses are red."); out.print("Violets are blue."); out.flush(); }
我把servlet类中的service改成上面的样子,大家看看,其实request的parseUri方法在servlet里是不应该被使用的!
那怎么办?
第一种,将parseUri方法的public方法改成默认的访问修饰符,包外的类就不能访问了。
不过还有另一种方式
门面模式!!
在上面的例子中,我们写的request实现了ServletRequest,我们可以再写一个类RequestFacade类让他也实现ServletRequest(response 类似)
package ex02.pyrmont; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException; import java.util.Enumeration; import java.util.Locale; import java.util.Map; import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher; import javax.servlet.ServletInputStream; import javax.servlet.ServletRequest; public class RequestFacade implements ServletRequest { private ServletRequest request = null; public RequestFacade(Request request) { this.request = request; } public String getRemoteHost() { return request.getRemoteHost(); } //省略对ServletRequest接口的实现 //servletrequest接口的方法 在RequestFacade 内部实现时 都调用类的属性request来实现 public void setCharacterEncoding(String encoding) throws UnsupportedEncodingException { request.setCharacterEncoding(encoding); } } 再看看 ServletProcessor 改成如下 Servlet servlet = null; RequestFacade requestFacade = new RequestFacade(request); ResponseFacade responseFacade = new ResponseFacade(response); try { servlet = (Servlet) myClass.newInstance(); servlet.service((ServletRequest) requestFacade, (ServletResponse) responseFacade); } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println(e.toString()); } catch (Throwable e) { System.out.println(e.toString()); } httpServer 也改成如下 if (request.getUri().startsWith("/servlet/")) { ServletProcessor2 processor = new ServletProcessor2(); processor.process(request, response); }
app1给servlet里面传递的参数实际上是Request类型的,有调用parseUri方法的危险。
app2给servlet里面传递的参数实际上是RequestFacade,它根本就没有parseUri方法,自然就安全了。
这篇文章中 对书中的源码有删减 大家可以下载完整版本的
深入剖析tomcat 源码
http://down.51cto.com/data/486495