Socket通信比较常见的问题有如下几种:
1、设置收发超时;
2、正确的每一个bit的收发;
3、物理线路故障的保护;
4、始终能正常工作;
5、尽量少占系统资源;
n、……
而Socket编程有一个共性,尽管100个人可能会写出1000种实现,但做的事情却只有一种,就是:通信。
为此,通过学习dnsjava的通信代码,加上自己在一些项目中的实践,现在给出TCP通信的例子实现如下,希望能够给想偷懒的人一个简单的解决方案。
本方案在正常的局域网连接中测试过几百万次没什么问题。缺乏更艰苦的环境,所以如果使用这些代码发生任何风险的话……
(TcpChannel代码为Brian Wellington所做,原名为TCPClient,经本人稍作改动)
Java代码
- // Copyright (c) 2005 Brian Wellington ([email protected])
- package asynchronizedchannel;
- import java.io.*;
- import java.net.*;
- import java.nio.*;
- import java.nio.channels.*;
- final class TcpChannel
- {
- private long endTime;
- private SelectionKey key;
- public TcpChannel(SelectableChannel channel, long endTime, int op) throws IOException
- {
- boolean done = false;
- Selector selector = null;
- this.endTime = endTime;
- try {
- selector = Selector.open();
- channel.configureBlocking(false);
- key = channel.register(selector, op);
- done = true;
- } finally {
- if (!done && selector != null) {
- selector.close();
- }
- if (!done) {
- channel.close();
- }
- }
- }
- static void blockUntil(SelectionKey key, long endTime) throws IOException
- {
- long timeout = endTime - System.currentTimeMillis();
- int nkeys = 0;
- if (timeout > 0) {
- nkeys = key.selector().select(timeout);
- } else if (timeout == 0) {
- nkeys = key.selector().selectNow();
- }
- if (nkeys == 0) {
- throw new SocketTimeoutException();
- }
- }
- void cleanup()
- {
- try {
- key.selector().close();
- key.channel().close();
- } catch (IOException ex) {
- ex.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- void bind(SocketAddress addr) throws IOException
- {
- SocketChannel channel = (SocketChannel) key.channel();
- channel.socket().bind(addr);
- }
- void connect(SocketAddress addr) throws IOException
- {
- SocketChannel channel = (SocketChannel) key.channel();
- if (channel.connect(addr))
- return;
- key.interestOps(SelectionKey.OP_CONNECT);
- try {
- while (!channel.finishConnect()) {
- if (!key.isConnectable()) {
- blockUntil(key, endTime);
- }
- }
- } finally {
- if (key.isValid()) {
- key.interestOps(0);
- }
- }
- }
- void send(ByteBuffer buffer) throws IOException
- {
- Send.operate(key, buffer, endTime);
- }
- void recv(ByteBuffer buffer) throws IOException
- {
- Recv.operate(key, buffer, endTime);
- }
- }
- interface Operator
- {
- class Operation
- {
- static void operate(final int op, final SelectionKey key, final ByteBuffer buffer, final long endTime, final Operator optr) throws IOException
- {
- final SocketChannel channel = (SocketChannel) key.channel();
- final int total = buffer.capacity();
- key.interestOps(op);
- try {
- while (buffer.position() < total) {
- if (System.currentTimeMillis() > endTime) {
- throw new SocketTimeoutException();
- }
- if ((key.readyOps() & op) != 0) {
- if (optr.io(channel, buffer) < 0) {
- throw new EOFException();
- }
- } else {
- TcpChannel.blockUntil(key, endTime);
- }
- }
- } finally {
- if (key.isValid()) {
- key.interestOps(0);
- }
- }
- }
- }
- int io(SocketChannel channel, ByteBuffer buffer) throws IOException;
- }
- class Send implements Operator
- {
- public int io(SocketChannel channel, ByteBuffer buffer) throws IOException
- {
- return channel.write(buffer);
- }
- public static final void operate(final SelectionKey key, final ByteBuffer buffer, final long endTime) throws IOException
- {
- Operation.operate(SelectionKey.OP_WRITE, key, buffer, endTime, operator);
- }
- public static final Send operator = new Send();
- }
- class Recv implements Operator
- {
- public int io(SocketChannel channel, ByteBuffer buffer) throws IOException
- {
- return channel.read(buffer);
- }
- public static final void operate(final SelectionKey key, final ByteBuffer buffer, final long endTime) throws IOException
- {
- Operation.operate(SelectionKey.OP_READ, key, buffer, endTime, operator);
- }
- public static final Recv operator = new Recv();
- }
使用演示见以下代码。
大致说明一下,Server端开5656侦听,Client端开若干线程测试Socket通信。每次发送240字节信息+16字节MD5校验。服务端收到信息之后做MD5检查,正确的,发送“.xxxx”表示认可,否则发送“?xxxx”表示故障。
正式应用中可以再设置tryout尝试n次。
Server端,代码演示:
Java代码
- package asynchronizedchannel;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
- import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
- import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey;
- import java.nio.channels.Selector;
- import java.nio.channels.ServerSocketChannel;
- import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
- import java.security.MessageDigest;
- import java.util.Iterator;
- public class Server
- {
- /**
- * 服务端通信范例程序主函数
- *
- * @param args
- * @throws IOException
- */
- public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException
- {
- // Create the selector
- final Selector selector = Selector.open();
- final ServerSocketChannel server = ServerSocketChannel.open();
- server.configureBlocking(false);
- server.socket().bind(new InetSocketAddress("xx.xx.xx.xx", 5656), 5);
- // Register both channels with selector
- server.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);
- new Thread(new Daemon(selector)).start();
- }
- }
- class Daemon implements Runnable
- {
- private final Selector selector;
- Daemon(Selector selector)
- {
- this.selector = selector;
- }
- public void run()
- {
- while (true) {
- try {
- // Wait for an event
- selector.select();
- // Get list of selection keys with pending events
- Iterator<SelectionKey> it = selector.selectedKeys().iterator();
- // Process each key
- while (it.hasNext()) {
- // Get the selection key
- SelectionKey selKey = it.next();
- // Remove it from the list to indicate that it is being processed
- it.remove();
- // Check if it‘s a connection request
- if (selKey.isAcceptable()) {
- // Get channel with connection request
- ServerSocketChannel server = (ServerSocketChannel) selKey.channel();
- // Accept the connection request.
- // If serverSocketChannel is blocking, this method blocks.
- // The returned channel is in blocking mode.
- SocketChannel channel = server.accept();
- // If serverSocketChannel is non-blocking, sChannel may be null
- if (channel != null) {
- // Use the socket channel to communicate with the client
- new Thread(new ServerHandler(channel)).start();
- } else {
- System.out.println("---No Connection---");
- // There were no pending connection requests; try again later.
- // To be notified of connection requests,
- }
- }
- }
- } catch (Exception ex) {
- ex.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
- }
- class ServerHandler implements Runnable
- {
- private static final long timeout = 30 * 1000; // 设置超时时间为30秒
- private static int counter = 0;
- private final TcpChannel channel;
- private final MessageDigest md;
- ServerHandler(SocketChannel channel) throws Exception
- {
- this.channel = new TcpChannel(channel, System.currentTimeMillis() + timeout, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
- md = MessageDigest.getInstance("md5");
- }
- public void run()
- {
- try {
- while (true) {
- work();
- synchronized (ServerHandler.class) {
- if ((++counter & 65535) == 0) {
- System.out.println(counter);
- }
- }
- }
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } finally {
- channel.cleanup();
- }
- }
- private void work() throws IOException
- { // 模拟工作流程
- byte[] cache = new byte[256], reply = new byte[5];
- read(cache, reply);
- }
- private void read(byte[] cache, byte[] reply) throws IOException
- { // 从套接字读入数据
- channel.recv(ByteBuffer.wrap(cache));
- md.reset();
- md.update(cache, 0, 240);
- byte[] md5 = md.digest(); // 使用前240字节产生MD5校验码
- if (!ExtArrays.partialEquals(md5, 0, cache, 240, 16)) { // 与后16字节比较
- reply[0] = ‘?‘;
- System.out.println("MISMATCH!");
- } else {
- reply[0] = ‘.‘;
- }
- channel.send(ByteBuffer.wrap(reply)); // 返回接收结果
- }
- }
- final class ExtArrays
- {
- private ExtArrays()
- {
- }
- public static boolean partialEquals(byte[] a, int offset_a, byte[] b, int offset_b, int len)
- { // 字节数组的部分比较
- if (a == null || b == null) {
- return false;
- }
- if (offset_a + len > a.length || offset_b + len > b.length) {
- return false;
- }
- for (int i = offset_a, j = offset_b, k = len; k > 0; i++, j++, k--) {
- if (a[i] != b[j]) {
- return false;
- }
- }
- return true;
- }
- }
Client端,代码演示:
Java代码
- package asynchronizedchannel;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
- import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
- import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey;
- import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
- import java.security.DigestException;
- import java.security.MessageDigest;
- import java.util.Random;
- public class Client
- {
- private static int id = 0;
- /**
- * 客户端通信范例程序主函数
- *
- * @param args
- * @throws Exception
- */
- public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception
- {
- new Thread(new ClientHandler(id++)).start();
- new Thread(new ClientHandler(id++)).start();
- new Thread(new ClientHandler(id++)).start();
- new Thread(new ClientHandler(id++)).start();
- new Thread(new ClientHandler(id++)).start();
- }
- }
- class ClientHandler implements Runnable
- {
- private static final long timeout = 30 * 1000; // 设置超时时间为30秒
- private final TcpChannel channel;
- private final int id;
- private final MessageDigest md;
- private final Random rand;
- ClientHandler(int id) throws Exception
- {
- this.id = id;
- channel = new TcpChannel(SocketChannel.open(), System.currentTimeMillis() + timeout, SelectionKey.OP_WRITE);
- md = MessageDigest.getInstance("md5");
- rand = new Random();
- }
- @Override
- public void run()
- {
- try {
- channel.connect(new InetSocketAddress("xx.xx.xx.xx", 5656));
- int i = 0;
- while (true) {
- work();
- if ((++i & 16383) == 0) {
- System.out.println(String.format("client(%1$d): %2$d", id, i));
- }
- Thread.yield();
- }
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } finally {
- channel.cleanup();
- }
- }
- private void work() throws IOException, DigestException
- {
- byte[] cache = new byte[256], reply = new byte[5];
- write(cache, reply);
- }
- private void write(byte[] cache, byte[] reply) throws DigestException, IOException
- {
- rand.nextBytes(cache); // 只用前面的240字节
- md.reset();
- md.update(cache, 0, 240);
- md.digest(cache, 240, 16); // MD5校验码占后面16字节
- ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(cache);
- channel.send(buffer);
- buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(reply);
- channel.recv(buffer);
- if (reply[0] != ‘.‘) { // 若接收的结果不正确,可以考虑尝试再次发送
- System.out.println("MISMATCH!");
- }
- }
- }
重点说明:
发多少,收多少。要么固定发送和接收的字节数,要么在发送的时候带有发送字节数的信息,接收的时候根据该信息接收完整然后再处理。
时间: 2024-11-05 18:29:17