Megalopolis

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(Redirected from Megalopolis (city type))

"Supercity" redirects here. For other uses, see Super City.

For other uses, see Megalopolis (disambiguation).

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Northeast megalopolis (United States), Taiheiyō Belt (Japan)

A megalopolis (sometimes called a megapolis; also megaregion, or supercity)^[1] is typically defined as a chain of roughly adjacent metropolitan areas. The term was used by Patrick Geddes in his 1915 book Cities in Evolution,^[2] by Oswald Spengler in his 1918 book The Decline of the West, and Lewis Mumford in his 1938 book The Culture of Cities, which described it as the first stage in urban overdevelopment and social decline. Later, it was used by Jean Gottmann in his landmark 1961 study, Megalopolis: The Urbanized Northeastern Seaboard of the United States, to describe the chain of metropolitan areas along the northeastern seaboard of the U.S. extending from Boston, Massachusetts, through New York City, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and ending in Washington, D.C. and Northern Virginia.^[3][4][5] The latter is sometimes called the "BosWash megalopolis".

Contents

[hide]

• 1Definitions
• 2Africa
• 3Asia
  • 3.1East Asia
    • 3.1.1China
    • 3.1.2Japan
    • 3.1.3South Korea
  • 3.2South Asia
    • 3.2.1India
    • 3.2.2Bangladesh
    • 3.2.3Pakistan
    • 3.2.4Nepal
  • 3.3Southeast Asia
  • 3.4Philippines
  • 3.5Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, and Vietnam
  • 3.6Southwest Asia
    • 3.6.1Iran
    • 3.6.2Turkey
• 4Europe
  • 4.1Transnational (Europe)
  • 4.2Denmark and Sweden
  • 4.3France
  • 4.4Germany
  • 4.5Italy
  • 4.6Benelux
  • 4.7Poland and the Czech Republic
  • 4.8Spain
  • 4.9United Kingdom
• 5North America
  • 5.1Canada
  • 5.2Mexico
  • 5.3United States
• 6Oceania
  • 6.1Australia
• 7South America
  • 7.1Brazil
  • 7.2Colombia
  • 7.3Venezuela
  • 7.4Argentina
  • 7.5Peru
• 8See also
• 9References
• 10External links

Definitions[edit]

Megalopolis is a Western deformation of the Greek word that derived from Greek: μ?γα? - ‘great‘ and Greek: π?λι? - ‘city‘, therefore literally a ‘great city‘. This term is closer in meaning to megacity. Because in Greek, π?λι? is feminine, the correct term is megalopolis.

A megalopolis, also known as a megaregion, is a clustered network of cities. Gottmann defined its population as 25 million.^[6] Doxiadis defined a small megalopolis a similar cluster with a population of about 10 million.^[7][8][9] America 2050,^[10] a program of the Regional Plan Association, lists 11 megaregions in the United States and Canada.^[7] Literally, megalopolis in Greek means a city of exaggerated size where the prefix megalo- represents a quantity of exaggerated size.^[11] Megapolitan areas were explored in a July 2005 report by Robert E. Lang and Dawn Dhavale of the Metropolitan Institute at Virginia Tech.^[12] A later 2007 article by Lang and Nelson uses 20 megapolitan areas grouped into 10 megaregions.^[13] The concept is based on the original Megalopolis model.^[9]

Modern interlinked ground transportation corridors, such as rail and highway, often aid in the development of megalopolises. Using these commuter passageways to travel throughout the megalopolis is informally called megaloping. This term was coined by Davide Gadren and Stefan Berteau.^[14]

Africa[edit]

• Cairo–Giza–Qalyubia–Helwan–6th of October City (Greater Cairo), Egypt (16 million) The area around the Nile is also very densely populated.
• Nile River Delta Governorates (Alexandria, Beheira, Kafr el-Sheikh, Gharbia, Monufia, Qalyubia, Dakahlia, Damietta, Al Sharqia, and Port Said) have a combined population of 41,045,135. The total area of these Governorates is 18,199 square miles making the population density 2,255.4 per square mile.
• The Gauteng City Region (PWV) in South Africa, which includes the urbanised portion of Gauteng Province (Pretoria, Centurion, Midrand, Johannesburg and the Vaal Triangle, with a population of over 10 million)^[15][16][17]
• The region in Morocco including El Jadida-Casablanca-Rabat-Salé-Kenitra, concentrating in the long coastal belt, on around 250 km with a depth of 40 to 50 km, more than 11 million inhabitants.^{[citation needed]}
• The Nairobi Metropolitan Region consisting of the counties of (Kajiado-Kiambu-Nairobi-Machakos-Murang‘a) in Kenya, which have a combined population of 8 million people.^[18]

Asia[edit]

East Asia[edit]

China[edit]

Further information: Metropolitan regions of China

• Pearl River Delta Megalopolis (珠江三角洲): (Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Dongguan, Guangzhou, Foshan, Jiangmen, Zhongshan, Zhuhai, Macau, Huizhou) (55,000,000),^[19][20] if Shantou/Quanzhou added (Guangdong Megalopolis) 70,000,000. If other areas added, 120,000,000.^[21]
• Yangtze River Delta Megalopolis (長江三角洲): (Shanghai, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Ningbo, Suzhou, Jingjiang, Wuxi, Changzhou, Zhenjiang, Yangzhou, Taizhou, Nantong, Huzhou, Jiaxing, Shaoxing, Jiangyin, Haimen, Zhangjiagang, Zhoushan, Ma‘anshan) (88,000,000)^[21]
• Bohai Economic Rim (环渤海经济圈): Beijing, Tianjin, Dalian, Anshan, Fushun, Dandong, Sinuiju, Tangshan, Yantai, Shenyang, Jinan, Qinhuangdao, Qingdao, Weihai (66,400,000)^[22]
• South China Coast : Xiamen, Fuzhou, Wenzhou, Shantou, Jieyang, Chaozhou (25,000,000)
• Central Plain (中原): Kaifeng, Xinxiang, Zhengzhou, Luoyang (14,170,000)
• The central Liaoning city cluster in China. Within 150 km from its center Shenyang (7.2 million), it has Fushun (3 million), Anshan City (3.6 million), Benxi (1.5 million), Liaoyang (1.8 million), Yingkou (2.2 million), Panjin (1.2 million), and Tieling (3.4 million), with a total population of 23 million. And it can be further extended to Dalian (6.2 million), Fuxin (2 million) and Dandong (2.4 million). This area used to be the most industrialized region in China. It declined during 1980s-1990s, but in recent years, it has rapidly revived.
• Northeastern Cities or the Harbin–Changchun Area (哈尔滨长春地区): Harbin, Qiqihar, Daqing, Changchun, Jilin City, Siping including Rason in North Korea and Vladivostok in Russia (21,832,000)
• Sichuan basin (四川盆地) or the Chengyu Megalopolis (成渝都市圈): Chengdu, Chongqing, Zigong, Luzhou (20,878,000)
• Greater Wuhan Megalopolis (大武汉都市圈): Wuhan, Huangshi, Xinyang, Jiujiang, Yueyang (20,000,000)
• Guanzhong (关中): Xi‘an, Xianyang, Baoji, Weinan (16,722,000)
• Greater Changsha Metropolitan Region (长株潭城市群): Changsha, Zhuzhou, Xiangtan (12,994,400 in 2000)

In July 2012, the Economist Intelligence Unit brought out a report entitled; Supersized cities: China’s 13 megalopolises, which pinpoints the 13 emerging megalopolises in China, and highlights the demographic and income trends that are shaping their development.

Japan[edit]

• Taiheiyō Belt – Ibaraki, Saitama, Chiba, Tokyo, Kanagawa, Shizuoka, Aichi, Gifu, Mie, Kyoto, Osaka, Hyōgo, Wakayama, Okayama, Hiroshima, Yamaguchi, Fukuoka, and ōita in Japan. (81,859,345) ^{[23][24][citation needed]}

South Korea[edit]

• Seoul National Capital Area - Seoul, Incheon, Suwon, Goyang, Yongin, Seongnam, and the rest of Gyeonggi-do: (25,000,000)^[25]

Satellite image of Seoul and greater area

South Asia[edit]

Dhaka, Bangladesh; part of the emerging chain of cities in the Bengal region

India[edit]

• Maharashtra - 1.Mumbai (also includes Thane, Navi Mumbai(including Panvel), Kalyan-Dombivali, Ulhasnagar, Vasai-Virar, Ambernath and Badlapur, 2.Pune (also includes Pimpri-Chinchwad), Aurangabad, Solapur, Nashik, Ahmednagar, Alibag (39,500,000)
• Bengaluru, Chennai, Hyderabad, Kochi, Mysuru, Coimbatore, Visakhapatnam, Madurai and Thiruvananthapuram (38,000,000) (Although widely separated geographically)

  

  A view of the NH 47 Expressway between Coimbatore and Salem in Tamil Nadu

Chennai International Airport, one of India‘s major international airports

• Delhi National Capital Region and Jaipur (35,000,000)
• Kolkata Belt 

  

  The Maidan is the largest urban park in this megalopolis (Kolkata)

  - Kolkata (Also includes the suburban areas of Kolkata Barrackpore, Dum Dum, Bidhannagar, Naihati, Kanchrapara, Kankinara, kalyani, Rajarhat, Ichapore, Halisahar and Howrah), Dankuni

• Gujarat - Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Surat, Vadodara, Rajkot, Anand, Nadiad, Bharuch, Ankleshwar (19,200,000)

Bangladesh[edit]

1. Dhaka (Greater Dhaka Megalopolis consists four city Corporations: Dhaka South, Dhaka North, Gazipur, and Narayanganj and five municipals: Savar Upazila (A class), Dohar Upazila (A class), Dhamrai Upazila (A class), Tongi (Special Class), Sonargaon (B class) (17,000,000)
2. Chittagong (40,09423)

Pakistan[edit]

Karachi comprises six district municipal corporations. The total population is 24 million according to the 2011 estimate.

Nepal[edit]

Kathmandu valley, which consists of 5 municipalities namely Kathmandu, Lalitpur, Bhaktapur, Kirtipur and Madhyapur Thimi, along with the peripheral cities of Banepa, Panauti and Dhulikhel.

Southeast Asia[edit]

Rank	Megalopolis Name	Country	Population in millions	Major cities
1	Java	Indonesia	141[26]	Jakarta, Bandung, Surabaya, Yogyakarta, Bekasi, Bogor, Depok, Malang, Semarang, Tasikmalaya, Tangerang, Cirebon
2	Mega Manila	Philippines	40+	Manila, Calamba, Angeles, Baguio, Batangas, Dagupan, Olongapo, Bacoor
3	Central Thailand	Thailand	25+	Bangkok, Ayuthaya, Pattaya
4	Southeast Economic Zone	Vietnam	16+	??ng Nai, Bình D??ng, Ho Chi Minh City, Bà R?a–V?ng Tàu Province, Long An, Ti?n Giang

Philippines[edit]

Mega Manila is made up of 4 Regions:

• Central Luzon (11,218,117)
• Metro Manila (12,877,253)
• Calabarzon (14,414,774)
• Mimaropa excluding Palawan (2,113,891)

(Regional Centers) San Fernando-Manila-Calamba-Calapan

Total Population of Mega Manila as of 2015: (40,624,035)^[27]

Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, and Vietnam[edit]

• Central-Thai Bangkok–Ayutthaya–Pattaya (16,000,000)
• Malaysia Kuala Lumpur–Selangor–Seremban (8,000,000)
• Sijori Kulai-Johor Bahru–Singapore–Batam–Bintan (9,000,000)
• Red River Delta in Vietnam (Hanoi, Hai Phong, Nam ??nh, & H?i D??ng) (10,000,000)^[28][29]

Southwest Asia[edit]

Iran[edit]

• Greater Tehran: A region located in Iranian Tehran and Alborz Province in central Northern Iran with its influence expanding in Qom Province, Qazvin Province and Mazandaran Province, home for at least 15 million people, it is one of the most populous urban areas in the Greater Middle East and the surrounding regions. Tehran was a small village 200 years ago when it was first chosen as the Capital city and it has been growing at a very fast rate.

Turkey[edit]

(all figures extrapolated from end of 2014 and end of 2015 figures of,^[30] to middle of year 2016)

• Greater Istanbul: Includes Istanbul city proper, with continuous urbanization spilling over to neighboring provinces, as well as nearby dense population and highly industrialized areas. Istanbul, eastern counties of Tekirda? province, entire coast of Izmit bay, and Adapazar? add up to 17.5 million population.
• Other major cities: Ankara (5 million), Izmir (includes satellites Torbal?-Alia?a-Urla-Manisa to add up to 4 million), Adana-Tarsus-Mersin (3 million), Bursa (2.1 million)

Europe[edit]

• 

  The Blue Banana

• 

  The Golden Banana

• 

  The Green Banana

Transnational (Europe)[edit]

Rank	Megalopolis Name	Population in millions	Countries & Respective Cities
1	Blue Banana	110–130[31]	United Kingdom: Liverpool, Manchester, Leeds, Sheffield, Birmingham, London  Belgium: Brussels, Antwerp  Netherlands: Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague, Utrecht  Luxembourg: Luxembourg  Germany: Rhine-Ruhr, Frankfurt am Main, Munich, Stuttgart, Nuremberg  France: Strasbourg, Lille   Switzerland: Zürich, Basel  Italy: Turin, Milan, Genoa
2	Golden Banana	40–45[32]	Italy: Turin, Genoa  France: Lyon, Nice, Toulon, Marseille, N?mes, Montpellier, Narbonne, Perpignan, Toulouse  Monaco: Monaco  Andorra: Andorra  Spain: Manresa, Girona, Vic, Barcelona, Tarragona, Castellón de la Plana, Sagunt, Valencia, Alicante, Murcia, Cartagena
3	Green Banana	40	Poland: Gdańsk, Warsaw, Katowice  Czech Republic: Ostrava, Prague, Olomouc, Brno  Austria: Vienna  Slovakia: Bratislava, ?ilina  Hungary: Budapest, Gy?r  Slovenia: Ljubljana  Croatia: Zagreb  Free Territory of Trieste: Trieste, Koper
4	Atlantic Axis	12[33]	Portugal: Setúbal, Lisbon, Santarém, Leiria, Coimbra, Viseu, Aveiro, Porto, Braga, Viana do Castelo  Spain: Vigo, Ourense, Pontevedra, Santiago de Compostela, Coru?a
5	Gulf of Finland	10	Russia: Gatchina, Saint Petersburg, Vyborg  Finland: Lappeenranta, Kotka, Kouvola, Lahti, Vantaa, Helsinki, Espoo, H?meenlinna, Tampere, Turku  Estonia: Tallinn
6	STRING	8.5[34]	Germany: Hamburg  Denmark: Copenhagen  Sweden: Malm?

Denmark and Sweden[edit]

France[edit]

Germany[edit]

^[32][38]

Italy[edit]

^[32][39]

Benelux[edit]

Netherlands, Belgium & Luxembourg:^[32]

Poland and the Czech Republic[edit]

Spain[edit]

^[32]

United Kingdom[edit]

North America[edit]

Canada[edit]

Quebec City in Quebec City–Windsor Corridor

Mexico[edit]

Mexico City megalopolis

United States[edit]

Further information: Megaregions of the United States

Phoenix in the Arizona Sun Corridor

Oakland in Bay Area

San Bernardino in Southern California

Constituent urban areas of each megalopolis are based on reckoning by a single American organization, the Regional Plan Association (RPA). The RPA definition of the Great Lakes Megalopolis includes some Canadian metropolitan areas with the United States, including some but not all major urban centres in the Windsor-Quebec City Corridor. Note that one city, Houston, is listed in two different Megalopolis regions as defined by the RPA, (the Gulf Coast and Texas Triangle).^[7][42]

Oceania[edit]

Australia[edit]

South America[edit]

Expanded Metropolitan Complex of S?o Paulo, Brazil

Brazil[edit]

Colombia[edit]

The following megaregions in Colombia are expected to have nearly 93% (55 Million people) of its population by 2030, up from the current 72%. There are currently 4 major megaregions in Colombia.

Other sources^[47] show that another megaregion may be considered:

Venezuela[edit]

Argentina[edit]

Satellite image of Greater Buenos Aires at night. Urban sprawl created a vast conurbation of 12,801,365 inhabitants including the City of Buenos Aires, a third of the total population of Argentina.

Peru[edit]