Search a 2D Matrix leetcode java

题目

Write an efficient algorithm that searches for a value in an m x n matrix. This matrix has the following properties:

  • Integers in each row are sorted from left to right.
  • The first integer of each row is greater than the last integer of the previous row.

For example,

Consider the following matrix:

[
  [1,   3,  5,  7],
  [10, 11, 16, 20],
  [23, 30, 34, 50]
]

Given target = 3, return true.

题解:

虽然本题看似是矩阵问题,但是本着搜索题目关键字为第一步的原则,可以找到:each row are sorted,每一行按照顺序也是sorted。同时也是数组保存。

但是本题的难点就是如何将2D矩阵转换成1D,然后利用二分查找法来解决问题。转换的重点就在于每个点的位置,在矩阵表示中,我们习惯用(i,j)来表示一个点,所以这就有碍于我们使用low high mid来指向需要的位置。为了解决问题,第一步就是需要将这个矩阵按照顺序拉成一条线。

像题中的例子我可以将其转化为:

position: 0   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   10   11

values:   1   3   5   7   10 11 16 20  23 30  34  50

row:       0   0   0   0   1   1   1   1   2   2    2    2

column:  0   1   2   3   0   1   2   3   0   1    2    3

其中:行数rows=3,列数columns=4

如上,这个就是将2D矩阵转化成1行数组的对应表。所以对于二分查找法的初始值为:low=0,high=rows*columns-1(总共数值的个数,因为从0开始所以减1)。而为了能够方便在given 2D matrix找到需要比对的值,我们还是需要确定行数和列数,通过上表可以看出,行数是position/columns,而列数是position%columns, 这样一来,就能很容易的在原矩阵中定位到所需要的值。剩下其他的解题思路,就与二分查找法一模一样了。

时间复杂度O(log(rows*columns))

代码如下:

1     public boolean searchMatrix(int[][] matrix, int target) {
 2         if(matrix.length==0||matrix[0].length==0||matrix==null)
 3             return false;
 4             
 5         int rows = matrix.length;
 6         int cols = matrix[0].length;
 7         
 8         int low = 0;
 9         int high = rows*cols-1;
10         
11         while(low<=high){
12             int mid = (low+high)/2;
13             int midValue = matrix[mid/cols][mid%cols];
14             if(midValue == target)
15                 return true;
16             else if(midValue < target)
17                 low = mid+1;
18             else
19                 high = mid-1;
20         }
21         return false;
22     }

同时,也有另外一个解决该题的方法,就是利用两次二分查找法。因为所给矩阵第一列也是升序排列的,所以可以先对第一列进行二分查找,锁定该元素所在行数,然后再对列进行二分查找,即可判断target是否存在。这个的算法时间复杂度是O(log(rows)+log(columns))。

代码如下:

1     public boolean searchMatrix(int[][] matrix, int target) {  
 2         if(matrix == null || matrix.length==0 || matrix[0].length==0)  
 3             return false;  
 4         int low = 0;  
 5         int high = matrix.length-1;  
 6         while(low<=high){  
 7             int mid = (low+high)/2;  
 8             if(matrix[mid][0] == target)
 9                 return true;  
10             else if(matrix[mid][0] > target)  
11                 high = mid-1; 
12             else
13                 low = mid+1;  
14         }
15         
16         int row = high; 
17         
18         if(row<0)  
19             return false; 
20             
21         low = 0;  
22         high = matrix[0].length-1;  
23         while(low<=high){  
24             int mid = (low+high)/2;  
25             if(matrix[row][mid] == target)
26                 return true;  
27             else if(matrix[row][mid] > target)  
28                 high = mid-1;
29             else 
30                 low = mid+1;  
31         }     
32         return false;  
33     }

Reference:

http://www.programcreek.com/2013/01/leetcode-search-a-2d-matrix-java/

http://blog.csdn.net/linhuanmars/article/details/24216235

Search a 2D Matrix leetcode java

时间: 2024-10-24 01:18:18

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