在pycharm下设置自己的模板:
在File---settings---File and Code Templates---Python script 脚本里添加:
#!usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding:utf-8 _*-
"""
@author:${USER}
@file: ${NAME}.py
@time: ${YEAR}/${MONTH}/${DAY}
"""
一、第一个python程序：
#!usr/bin/env python #-*- coding:utf-8 _*- """ @author:Administrator @file: HelloWorld.py@time: 2017/11/{DAY} """print("HelloWorld!!!")print("你好，世界")
二、变量和赋值：#!usr/bin/env python #-*- coding:utf-8 _*- """ @author:Administrator @file: bianliang.py@time: 2017/11/18 """#赋值name = "chenjisong"age = 30print(name,age)
字符串类型的必须要加引号
a = 3b = aa = 5print(a,b)
返回结果为(5,3)
解析：a = 3,内存地址指向3，b = a,则b = 3,此时a 和 b 都指向内存地址3，当 a = 5的时候，a 的内存地址指向了5，则a = 3 这个内存地址被回收了，但是b的内存地址未被回收，b仍然等于3，所以最后返回的结果是(5,3)
变量起名的原则：
1、显示，通俗易懂
2、驼峰写法（首字母大写） 例如：NumsOfJackGf
3、下横线写法（不能为中横线） 例如：nums_of_jack_gf
4、不能数字开头，但是可以在中间和结尾
5、命名中不能有特殊字符
6、变量的命名不能有空格
7、关键字不能声明为变量
内存地址的验证：
C:\Users\Administrator>python
Python 3.6.3 (v3.6.3:2c5fed8, Oct 3 2017, 18:11:49) [MSC v.1900 64 bit (AMD64)]
on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import keyword
>>> a = 5
>>> b = a
>>> id(a),id(b)
(1363763552, 1363763552)
a 和 b的内存地址完全一样
>>> a = 10
>>> id(a),id(b)
>>> (1363763712, 1363763552)
当a的值改变之后，a的内存地址也发生了变化（是python中的内存地址，不是物理机器的内存地址）
三、用户交互
[[email protected] ~]# python
Python 3.6.3 (default, Nov 12 2017, 04:07:16)
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16)] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> name = input("please input your name:")
please input your name:chenjisong
>>> print(name)
chenjisong
>>> a = 5>>> eval(‘a‘)5 四、条件判断与缩进IF....ELSE和缩进
伪代码：
如果 你是富二代
我们俩就拍拖
或者 你很努力上进
我们可以接触试试
否则
免谈
缩进要一致：sex = input ("plsase input your gender:")if sex == "gril": print("I would like to have a baby")elif sex == "man": print("going to homesexual!")else: print("Pervert!!!")
游戏:猜幸运数字：
#!usr/bin/env python #-*- coding:utf-8 _*- """ @author:Administrator @file: lucky_number.py@time: 2017/11/18 """lucky_number = 18guess_number = int(input("can you guess my lucky_number:"))if guess_number > lucky_number: print("guess_number is bigger then lucky_number")elif guess_number < lucky_number: print("guess_number is smaller then lucky_number:")else: print("congratulations,you guess it,but no prize")
五、循环控制:
break结束循环：（猜对即跳出循环，没猜对就一直猜）
while True: lucky_number = 18 guess_number = int(input("can you guess my lucky_number:")) if guess_number > lucky_number: print("guess_number is bigger then lucky_number") elif guess_number < lucky_number: print("guess_number is smaller then lucky_number:") else: print("congratulations,you guess it,but no prize") break
while lucky_number != input_num: input_num = int(input("input the guess num:")) if input_num > lucky_number: print("the real number is smaller") elif input_num < lucky_number: print("the real number is bigger") else:print("bingo")
六、循环次数限制：
#!usr/bin/env python #-*- coding:utf-8 _*- """ @author:Administrator @file: lucky_number.py@time: 2017/11/18 """lucky_number = 18input_num=-1guess_count = 0#while lucky_number != input_num:while guess_count < 3: input_num = int(input("input the guess num:")) print("guess count:",guess_count) if input_num > lucky_number: print("the real number is smaller") elif input_num < lucky_number: print("the real number is bigger") else: print("Bingo!") break guess_count += 1else: print("try too many times")
两重判断：
第一重：三次猜不对直接退出(guess_count>3)，打印“try too many times”
第二重：猜对了直接打印bingo,退出
for循环猜数字游戏：
#!usr/bin/env python #-*- coding:utf-8 _*- """ @author:Administrator @file: lucky_number.py@time: 2017/11/18 """#while True:lucky_number = 18input_num=-1
for i in range(5): input_num = int(input("input the guess num:")) if input_num > lucky_number: print("the real number is smaller") elif input_num < lucky_number: print("the real number is bigger") else: print("Bingo!") breakelse: print("try too many times")
七、常用数据类型
数据类型：
数字：
int(整型)
float(浮点型)
long(长整型)
布尔:(True(1) 和 False(0)) 真和假
字符串 str
列表 list
元祖 tuple
字典 dict
type可以查看数据类型：
>>> type(2**10)
<class ‘int‘>
>>> type(2.99)
<class ‘float‘>