一、Redis配置文件redis.conf详解
1 # Note on units: when memory size is needed, it is possible to specifiy 2 # it in the usual form of 1k 5GB 4M and so forth: 3 # 4 # 1k => 1000 bytes 5 # 1kb => 1024 bytes 6 # 1m => 1000000 bytes 7 # 1mb => 1024*1024 bytes 8 # 1g => 1000000000 bytes 9 # 1gb => 1024*1024*1024 bytes 10 # 11 # units are case insensitive so 1GB 1Gb 1gB are all the same. 12 13 # Redis默认不是以守护进程的方式运行，可以通过该配置项修改，使用yes启用守护进程 14 # 启用守护进程后，Redis会把pid写到一个pidfile中，在/var/run/redis.pid 15 daemonize no 16 17 # 当Redis以守护进程方式运行时，Redis默认会把pid写入/var/run/redis.pid文件，可以通过pidfile指定 18 pidfile /var/run/redis.pid 19 20 # 指定Redis监听端口，默认端口为6379 21 # 如果指定0端口，表示Redis不监听TCP连接 22 port 6379 23 24 # 绑定的主机地址 25 # 你可以绑定单一接口，如果没有绑定，所有接口都会监听到来的连接 26 # bind 127.0.0.1 27 28 # Specify the path for the unix socket that will be used to listen for 29 # incoming connections. There is no default, so Redis will not listen 30 # on a unix socket when not specified. 31 # 32 # unixsocket /tmp/redis.sock 33 # unixsocketperm 755 34 35 # 当客户端闲置多长时间后关闭连接，如果指定为0，表示关闭该功能 36 timeout 0 37 38 # 指定日志记录级别，Redis总共支持四个级别：debug、verbose、notice、warning，默认为verbose 39 # debug (很多信息, 对开发／测试比较有用) 40 # verbose (many rarely useful info, but not a mess like the debug level) 41 # notice (moderately verbose, what you want in production probably) 42 # warning (only very important / critical messages are logged) 43 loglevel verbose 44 45 # 日志记录方式，默认为标准输出，如果配置为redis为守护进程方式运行，而这里又配置为标准输出，则日志将会发送给/dev/null 46 logfile stdout 47 48 # To enable logging to the system logger, just set ‘syslog-enabled‘ to yes, 49 # and optionally update the other syslog parameters to suit your needs. 50 # syslog-enabled no 51 52 # Specify the syslog identity. 53 # syslog-ident redis 54 55 # Specify the syslog facility. Must be USER or between LOCAL0-LOCAL7. 56 # syslog-facility local0 57 58 # 设置数据库的数量，默认数据库为0，可以使用select <dbid>命令在连接上指定数据库id 59 # dbid是从0到‘databases’-1的数目 60 databases 16 61 62 ################################ SNAPSHOTTING ################################# 63 # 指定在多长时间内，有多少次更新操作，就将数据同步到数据文件，可以多个条件配合 64 # Save the DB on disk: 65 # 66 # save <seconds> <changes> 67 # 68 # Will save the DB if both the given number of seconds and the given 69 # number of write operations against the DB occurred. 70 # 71 # 满足以下条件将会同步数据: 72 # 900秒（15分钟）内有1个更改 73 # 300秒（5分钟）内有10个更改 74 # 60秒内有10000个更改 75 # Note: 可以把所有“save”行注释掉，这样就取消同步操作了 76 77 save 900 1 78 save 300 10 79 save 60 10000 80 81 # 指定存储至本地数据库时是否压缩数据，默认为yes，Redis采用LZF压缩，如果为了节省CPU时间，可以关闭该选项，但会导致数据库文件变的巨大 82 rdbcompression yes 83 84 # 指定本地数据库文件名，默认值为dump.rdb 85 dbfilename dump.rdb 86 87 # 工作目录. 88 # 指定本地数据库存放目录，文件名由上一个dbfilename配置项指定 89 # 90 # Also the Append Only File will be created inside this directory. 91 # 92 # 注意，这里只能指定一个目录，不能指定文件名 93 dir ./ 94 95 ################################# REPLICATION ################################# 96 97 # 主从复制。使用slaveof从 Redis服务器复制一个Redis实例。注意，该配置仅限于当前slave有效 98 # so for example it is possible to configure the slave to save the DB with a 99 # different interval, or to listen to another port, and so on. 100 # 设置当本机为slav服务时，设置master服务的ip地址及端口，在Redis启动时，它会自动从master进行数据同步 101 # slaveof <masterip> <masterport> 102 103 104 # 当master服务设置了密码保护时，slav服务连接master的密码 105 # 下文的“requirepass”配置项可以指定密码 106 # masterauth <master-password> 107 108 # When a slave lost the connection with the master, or when the replication 109 # is still in progress, the slave can act in two different ways: 110 # 111 # 1) if slave-serve-stale-data is set to ‘yes‘ (the default) the slave will 112 # still reply to client requests, possibly with out of data data, or the 113 # data set may just be empty if this is the first synchronization. 114 # 115 # 2) if slave-serve-stale data is set to ‘no‘ the slave will reply with 116 # an error "SYNC with master in progress" to all the kind of commands 117 # but to INFO and SLAVEOF. 118 # 119 slave-serve-stale-data yes 120 121 # Slaves send PINGs to server in a predefined interval. It‘s possible to change 122 # this interval with the repl_ping_slave_period option. The default value is 10 123 # seconds. 124 # 125 # repl-ping-slave-period 10 126 127 # The following option sets a timeout for both Bulk transfer I/O timeout and 128 # master data or ping response timeout. The default value is 60 seconds. 129 # 130 # It is important to make sure that this value is greater than the value 131 # specified for repl-ping-slave-period otherwise a timeout will be detected 132 # every time there is low traffic between the master and the slave. 133 # 134 # repl-timeout 60 135 136 ################################## SECURITY ################################### 137 138 # Warning: since Redis is pretty fast an outside user can try up to 139 # 150k passwords per second against a good box. This means that you should 140 # use a very strong password otherwise it will be very easy to break. 141 # 设置Redis连接密码，如果配置了连接密码，客户端在连接Redis时需要通过auth <password>命令提供密码，默认关闭 142 # requirepass foobared 143 144 # Command renaming. 145 # 146 # It is possilbe to change the name of dangerous commands in a shared 147 # environment. For instance the CONFIG command may be renamed into something 148 # of hard to guess so that it will be still available for internal-use 149 # tools but not available for general clients. 150 # 151 # Example: 152 # 153 # rename-command CONFIG b840fc02d524045429941cc15f59e41cb7be6c52 154 # 155 # It is also possilbe to completely kill a command renaming it into 156 # an empty string: 157 # 158 # rename-command CONFIG "" 159 160 ################################### LIMITS #################################### 161 162 # 设置同一时间最大客户端连接数，默认无限制，Redis可以同时打开的客户端连接数为Redis进程可以打开的最大文件描述符数， 163 # 如果设置maxclients 0，表示不作限制。当客户端连接数到达限制时，Redis会关闭新的连接并向客户端返回max Number of clients reached错误信息 164 # maxclients 128 165 166 # Don‘t use more memory than the specified amount of bytes. 167 # When the memory limit is reached Redis will try to remove keys with an 168 # EXPIRE set. It will try to start freeing keys that are going to expire 169 # in little time and preserve keys with a longer time to live. 170 # Redis will also try to remove objects from free lists if possible. 171 # 172 # If all this fails, Redis will start to reply with errors to commands 173 # that will use more memory, like SET, LPUSH, and so on, and will continue 174 # to reply to most read-only commands like GET. 175 # 176 # WARNING: maxmemory can be a good idea mainly if you want to use Redis as a 177 # ‘state‘ server or cache, not as a real DB. When Redis is used as a real 178 # database the memory usage will grow over the weeks, it will be obvious if 179 # it is going to use too much memory in the long run, and you‘ll have the time 180 # to upgrade. With maxmemory after the limit is reached you‘ll start to get 181 # errors for write operations, and this may even lead to DB inconsistency. 182 # 指定Redis最大内存限制，Redis在启动时会把数据加载到内存中，达到最大内存后，Redis会先尝试清除已到期或即将到期的Key， 183 # 当此方法处理后，仍然到达最大内存设置，将无法再进行写入操作，但仍然可以进行读取操作。 184 # Redis新的vm机制，会把Key存放内存，Value会存放在swap区 185 # maxmemory <bytes> 186 187 # MAXMEMORY POLICY: how Redis will select what to remove when maxmemory 188 # is reached? You can select among five behavior: 189 # 190 # volatile-lru -> remove the key with an expire set using an LRU algorithm 191 # allkeys-lru -> remove any key accordingly to the LRU algorithm 192 # volatile-random -> remove a random key with an expire set 193 # allkeys->random -> remove a random key, any key 194 # volatile-ttl -> remove the key with the nearest expire time (minor TTL) 195 # noeviction -> don‘t expire at all, just return an error on write operations 196 # 197 # Note: with all the kind of policies, Redis will return an error on write 198 # operations, when there are not suitable keys for eviction. 199 # 200 # At the date of writing this commands are: set setnx setex append 201 # incr decr rpush lpush rpushx lpushx linsert lset rpoplpush sadd 202 # sinter sinterstore sunion sunionstore sdiff sdiffstore zadd zincrby 203 # zunionstore zinterstore hset hsetnx hmset hincrby incrby decrby 204 # getset mset msetnx exec sort 205 # 206 # The default is: 207 # 208 # maxmemory-policy volatile-lru 209 210 # LRU and minimal TTL algorithms are not precise algorithms but approximated 211 # algorithms (in order to save memory), so you can select as well the sample 212 # size to check. For instance for default Redis will check three keys and 213 # pick the one that was used less recently, you can change the sample size 214 # using the following configuration directive. 215 # 216 # maxmemory-samples 3 217 218 ############################## APPEND ONLY MODE ############################### 219 220 # 221 # Note that you can have both the async dumps and the append only file if you 222 # like (you have to comment the "save" statements above to disable the dumps). 223 # Still if append only mode is enabled Redis will load the data from the 224 # log file at startup ignoring the dump.rdb file. 225 # 指定是否在每次更新操作后进行日志记录，Redis在默认情况下是异步的把数据写入磁盘，如果不开启，可能会在断电时导致一段时间内的数据丢失。 226 # 因为redis本身同步数据文件是按上面save条件来同步的，所以有的数据会在一段时间内只存在于内存中。默认为no 227 # IMPORTANT: Check the BGREWRITEAOF to check how to rewrite the append 228 # log file in background when it gets too big. 229 230 appendonly no 231 232 # 指定更新日志文件名，默认为appendonly.aof 233 # appendfilename appendonly.aof 234 235 # The fsync() call tells the Operating System to actually write data on disk 236 # instead to wait for more data in the output buffer. Some OS will really flush 237 # data on disk, some other OS will just try to do it ASAP. 238 239 # 指定更新日志条件，共有3个可选值： 240 # no:表示等操作系统进行数据缓存同步到磁盘（快） 241 # always:表示每次更新操作后手动调用fsync()将数据写到磁盘（慢，安全） 242 # everysec:表示每秒同步一次（折衷，默认值） 243 244 appendfsync everysec 245 # appendfsync no 246 247 # When the AOF fsync policy is set to always or everysec, and a background 248 # saving process (a background save or AOF log background rewriting) is 249 # performing a lot of I/O against the disk, in some Linux configurations 250 # Redis may block too long on the fsync() call. Note that there is no fix for 251 # this currently, as even performing fsync in a different thread will block 252 # our synchronous write(2) call. 253 # 254 # In order to mitigate this problem it‘s possible to use the following option 255 # that will prevent fsync() from being called in the main process while a 256 # BGSAVE or BGREWRITEAOF is in progress. 257 # 258 # This means that while another child is saving the durability of Redis is 259 # the same as "appendfsync none", that in pratical terms means that it is 260 # possible to lost up to 30 seconds of log in the worst scenario (with the 261 # default Linux settings). 262 # 263 # If you have latency problems turn this to "yes". Otherwise leave it as 264 # "no" that is the safest pick from the point of view of durability. 265 no-appendfsync-on-rewrite no 266 267 # Automatic rewrite of the append only file. 268 # Redis is able to automatically rewrite the log file implicitly calling 269 # BGREWRITEAOF when the AOF log size will growth by the specified percentage. 270 # 271 # This is how it works: Redis remembers the size of the AOF file after the 272 # latest rewrite (or if no rewrite happened since the restart, the size of 273 # the AOF at startup is used). 274 # 275 # This base size is compared to the current size. If the current size is 276 # bigger than the specified percentage, the rewrite is triggered. Also 277 # you need to specify a minimal size for the AOF file to be rewritten, this 278 # is useful to avoid rewriting the AOF file even if the percentage increase 279 # is reached but it is still pretty small. 280 # 281 # Specify a precentage of zero in order to disable the automatic AOF 282 # rewrite feature. 283 284 auto-aof-rewrite-percentage 100 285 auto-aof-rewrite-min-size 64mb 286 287 ################################## SLOW LOG ################################### 288 289 # The Redis Slow Log is a system to log queries that exceeded a specified 290 # execution time. The execution time does not include the I/O operations 291 # like talking with the client, sending the reply and so forth, 292 # but just the time needed to actually execute the command (this is the only 293 # stage of command execution where the thread is blocked and can not serve 294 # other requests in the meantime). 295 # 296 # You can configure the slow log with two parameters: one tells Redis 297 # what is the execution time, in microseconds, to exceed in order for the 298 # command to get logged, and the other parameter is the length of the 299 # slow log. When a new command is logged the oldest one is removed from the 300 # queue of logged commands. 301 302 # The following time is expressed in microseconds, so 1000000 is equivalent 303 # to one second. Note that a negative number disables the slow log, while 304 # a value of zero forces the logging of every command. 305 slowlog-log-slower-than 10000 306 307 # There is no limit to this length. Just be aware that it will consume memory. 308 # You can reclaim memory used by the slow log with SLOWLOG RESET. 309 slowlog-max-len 1024 310 311 ################################ VIRTUAL MEMORY ############################### 312 313 ### WARNING! Virtual Memory is deprecated in Redis 2.4 314 ### The use of Virtual Memory is strongly discouraged. 315 316 ### WARNING! Virtual Memory is deprecated in Redis 2.4 317 ### The use of Virtual Memory is strongly discouraged. 318 319 # Virtual Memory allows Redis to work with datasets bigger than the actual 320 # amount of RAM needed to hold the whole dataset in memory. 321 # In order to do so very used keys are taken in memory while the other keys 322 # are swapped into a swap file, similarly to what operating systems do 323 # with memory pages. 324 # 指定是否启用虚拟内存机制，默认值为no， 325 # VM机制将数据分页存放，由Redis将访问量较少的页即冷数据swap到磁盘上，访问多的页面由磁盘自动换出到内存中 326 # 把vm-enabled设置为yes，根据需要设置好接下来的三个VM参数，就可以启动VM了 327 vm-enabled no 328 # vm-enabled yes 329 330 # This is the path of the Redis swap file. As you can guess, swap files 331 # can‘t be shared by different Redis instances, so make sure to use a swap 332 # file for every redis process you are running. Redis will complain if the 333 # swap file is already in use. 334 # 335 # Redis交换文件最好的存储是SSD（固态硬盘） 336 # 虚拟内存文件路径，默认值为/tmp/redis.swap，不可多个Redis实例共享 337 # *** WARNING *** if you are using a shared hosting the default of putting 338 # the swap file under /tmp is not secure. Create a dir with access granted 339 # only to Redis user and configure Redis to create the swap file there. 340 vm-swap-file /tmp/redis.swap 341 342 # With vm-max-memory 0 the system will swap everything it can. Not a good 343 # default, just specify the max amount of RAM you can in bytes, but it‘s 344 # better to leave some margin. For instance specify an amount of RAM 345 # that‘s more or less between 60 and 80% of your free RAM. 346 # 将所有大于vm-max-memory的数据存入虚拟内存，无论vm-max-memory设置多少，所有索引数据都是内存存储的（Redis的索引数据就是keys） 347 # 也就是说当vm-max-memory设置为0的时候，其实是所有value都存在于磁盘。默认值为0 348 vm-max-memory 0 349 350 # Redis swap文件分成了很多的page，一个对象可以保存在多个page上面，但一个page上不能被多个对象共享，vm-page-size是要根据存储的数据大小来设定的。 351 # 建议如果存储很多小对象，page大小最后设置为32或64bytes；如果存储很大的对象，则可以使用更大的page，如果不确定，就使用默认值 352 vm-page-size 32 353 354 # 设置swap文件中的page数量由于页表（一种表示页面空闲或使用的bitmap）是存放在内存中的，在磁盘上每8个pages将消耗1byte的内存 355 # swap空间总容量为 vm-page-size * vm-pages 356 # 357 # With the default of 32-bytes memory pages and 134217728 pages Redis will 358 # use a 4 GB swap file, that will use 16 MB of RAM for the page table. 359 # 360 # It‘s better to use the smallest acceptable value for your application, 361 # but the default is large in order to work in most conditions. 362 vm-pages 134217728 363 364 # Max number of VM I/O threads running at the same time. 365 # This threads are used to read/write data from/to swap file, since they 366 # also encode and decode objects from disk to memory or the reverse, a bigger 367 # number of threads can help with big objects even if they can‘t help with 368 # I/O itself as the physical device may not be able to couple with many 369 # reads/writes operations at the same time. 370 # 设置访问swap文件的I/O线程数，最后不要超过机器的核数，如果设置为0，那么所有对swap文件的操作都是串行的，可能会造成比较长时间的延迟，默认值为4 371 vm-max-threads 4 372 373 ############################### ADVANCED CONFIG ############################### 374 375 # Hashes are encoded in a special way (much more memory efficient) when they 376 # have at max a given numer of elements, and the biggest element does not 377 # exceed a given threshold. You can configure this limits with the following 378 # configuration directives. 379 # 指定在超过一定的数量或者最大的元素超过某一临界值时，采用一种特殊的哈希算法 380 hash-max-zipmap-entries 512 381 hash-max-zipmap-value 64 382 383 # Similarly to hashes, small lists are also encoded in a special way in order 384 # to save a lot of space. The special representation is only used when 385 # you are under the following limits: 386 list-max-ziplist-entries 512 387 list-max-ziplist-value 64 388 389 # Sets have a special encoding in just one case: when a set is composed 390 # of just strings that happens to be integers in radix 10 in the range 391 # of 64 bit signed integers. 392 # The following configuration setting sets the limit in the size of the 393 # set in order to use this special memory saving encoding. 394 set-max-intset-entries 512 395 396 # Similarly to hashes and lists, sorted sets are also specially encoded in 397 # order to save a lot of space. This encoding is only used when the length and 398 # elements of a sorted set are below the following limits: 399 zset-max-ziplist-entries 128 400 zset-max-ziplist-value 64 401 402 # Active rehashing uses 1 millisecond every 100 milliseconds of CPU time in 403 # order to help rehashing the main Redis hash table (the one mapping top-level 404 # keys to values). The hash table implementation redis uses (see dict.c) 405 # performs a lazy rehashing: the more operation you run into an hash table 406 # that is rhashing, the more rehashing "steps" are performed, so if the 407 # server is idle the rehashing is never complete and some more memory is used 408 # by the hash table. 409 # 410 # The default is to use this millisecond 10 times every second in order to 411 # active rehashing the main dictionaries, freeing memory when possible. 412 # 413 # If unsure: 414 # use "activerehashing no" if you have hard latency requirements and it is 415 # not a good thing in your environment that Redis can reply form time to time 416 # to queries with 2 milliseconds delay. 417 # 指定是否激活重置哈希，默认为开启 418 activerehashing yes 419 420 ################################## INCLUDES ################################### 421 422 # 指定包含其他的配置文件，可以在同一主机上多个Redis实例之间使用同一份配置文件，而同时各实例又拥有自己的特定配置文件 423 # include /path/to/local.conf 424 # include /path/to/other.conf
原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/happy-king/p/9228801.html
时间： 2024-10-22 15:14:26