序列化就是把一个对象变成流的形式,方便传输和还原。小弟不才,总结下对二进制序列化和Json序列化的使用:
1.首先,二进制序列化(BinaryFormatter)要求要序列化的类必须是可序列化的(即在类定义的前面加Serializable关键字),而且它的父类类型也必须是可序列化的,经过查看发现,Dotnet中很多类型和结构都有这个标记;而Json序列化不用写标记;
2.如果类中某些属性不希望被二进制序列化,加NonSerialized关键字即可,而要二进制序列化的属性的类型必须是可序列化的数据类型;
3.二进制序列化只会对类中的字段(属性)序列化,故序列化时不建议使用自动属性(每次生成的字段都可能不一样,影响反序列化)。
下面是二进制序列化的代码:
1.要序列化的类的定义:
1 [Serializable] 2 public class Person 3 { 4 private string _sName; 5 6 public string SName 7 { 8 get { return _sName; } 9 set { _sName = value; } 10 } 11 12 private int _iAge; 13 14 public int IAge 15 { 16 get { return _iAge; } 17 set { _iAge = value; } 18 } 19 20 private string _sEmail; 21 22 public string SEmail 23 { 24 get { return _sEmail; } 25 set { _sEmail = value; } 26 } 27 28 private string _sPhone; 29 30 public string SPhone 31 { 32 get { return _sPhone; } 33 set { _sPhone = value; } 34 } 35 36 private string _sAddress; 37 38 public string SAddress 39 { 40 get { return _sAddress; } 41 set { _sAddress = value; } 42 } 43 44 private string _sSex; 45 46 public string SSex 47 { 48 get { return _sSex; } 49 set { _sSex = value; } 50 } 51 52 private Car _myCar; 53 54 public Car MyCar 55 { 56 get { return _myCar; } 57 set { _myCar = value; } 58 } 59 60 public Person() 61 { 62 63 } 64 65 public Person(string name,int age,string sex,string email,string phone,string address,Car car):this() 66 { 67 this.SName = name; 68 this.IAge = age; 69 this.SSex = sex; 70 this.SEmail = email; 71 this.SPhone = phone; 72 this.SAddress = address; 73 this.MyCar = car; 74 } 75 } 76 [Serializable] 77 public class Car 78 { 79 private string _sCarType; 80 81 public string SCarType 82 { 83 get { return _sCarType; } 84 set { _sCarType = value; } 85 } 86 87 private string _sCarNum; 88 89 public string SCarNum 90 { 91 get { return _sCarNum; } 92 set { _sCarNum = value; } 93 } 94 95 public Car() 96 { 97 98 } 99 100 public Car(string carType,string carNum):this() 101 { 102 this.SCarType = carType; 103 this.SCarNum = carNum; 104 } 105 }
2.二进制序列化代码:
BinaryFormatter bf = new BinaryFormatter(); Person p = null; using (FileStream fsWrite=new FileStream("person.bin",FileMode.Create,FileAccess.Write)) { if (ckbIsCar.Checked) { var strCarNum = txtCarNum.Text.Trim(); var strCarType = txtCarType.Text.Trim(); Car c1=new Car(strCarType,strCarNum); p = new Person(strName, intAge,strSex, strEmail, strPhone, strAddress, c1); } else { //不登记车的情况 p = new Person(strName, intAge,strSex, strEmail, strPhone, strAddress, null); } //二进制序列化 bf.Serialize(fsWrite, p); MessageBox.Show("对象序列化完毕");
在进行二进制反序列化(还原对象时),需要将序列化程序集中的.exe和.pdb两个文件拷贝进来,并添加对程序集的引用,二进制反序列化很简单,代码如下:
1 BinaryFormatter bf = new BinaryFormatter(); 2 string strPath = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["FilePath"]; 3 StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); 4 5 using (FileStream fsRead=new FileStream(strPath,FileMode.Open,FileAccess.Read)) 6 { 7 Person p1 = bf.Deserialize(fsRead) as Person; 8 if (p1!=null) 9 { 10 Car c1 = p1.MyCar; 11 if (c1!=null) 12 { 13 //登记了车的信息 14 sb.AppendFormat("姓名:{0};\r\n年龄:{1}岁;\r\n性别:{2};\r\n联系电话:{3};\r\n电子邮箱:{4};\r\n联系地址:{5};\r\n车型:{6};\r\n车牌号:{7}。", p1.SName, p1.IAge, p1.SSex, p1.SPhone, p1.SEmail, p1.SAddress, c1.SCarType, c1.SCarNum); 15 } 16 else 17 { 18 sb.AppendFormat("姓名:{0};\r\n年龄:{1}岁;\r\n性别:{2};\r\n联系电话:{3};\r\n电子邮箱:{4};\r\n联系地址:{5}。", p1.SName, p1.IAge, p1.SSex, p1.SPhone, p1.SEmail, p1.SAddress); 19 } 20 } 21 } 22 lbResult.Text = sb.ToString();
再来说说Json序列化,先上代码:
1 Console.WriteLine("请输入您的姓名:"); 2 string sName = Console.ReadLine(); 3 if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(sName)) 4 { 5 Console.WriteLine("{0},请输入你的年龄:",sName); 6 int iAge = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine()); 7 Console.WriteLine("{0},请输入你的性别:",sName); 8 string sSex = Console.ReadLine(); 9 Console.WriteLine("{0},请输入你的E-Mail地址:",sName); 10 string sEmail = Console.ReadLine(); 11 Console.WriteLine("{0},请输入你的联系电话:",sName); 12 string sPhone = Console.ReadLine(); 13 Console.WriteLine("{0},请输入你的通信地址:",sName); 14 string sAddress = Console.ReadLine(); 15 16 Person p = new Person(sName, iAge, sSex, sEmail, sPhone, sAddress); 17 JavaScriptSerializer jsSerializer = new JavaScriptSerializer(); 18 //执行Json序列化 19 File.WriteAllText("demo.txt", jsSerializer.Serialize(p)); 20 Console.WriteLine("Json序列化完毕");
Json序列化好的数据是一对大括号括起来的,每个数据由属性名和值中间加个“:”组成。
Json反序列化一样很简单,同理,也需要将序列化程序集中的.exe和.pdb两个文件拷贝进来,并添加对程序集的引用,代码如下:
Json反序列化
1 string sPath = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["FilePath"]; 2 string sContent = File.ReadAllText(sPath, Encoding.UTF8); 3 4 JavaScriptSerializer jsSerializer = new JavaScriptSerializer(); 5 //这里使用泛型方法可以避免类型转换,方便使用! 6 Person p1 = jsSerializer.Deserialize<Person>(sContent); 7 Console.WriteLine("姓名:" + p1.SName); 8 Console.WriteLine("性别:"+p1.SSex); 9 Console.WriteLine("年龄:"+p1.IAge.ToString()); 10 Console.WriteLine("联系电话:"+p1.SPhone); 11 Console.WriteLine("E-mail:"+p1.SEmail); 12 Console.WriteLine("联系地址:"+p1.SAddress); 13 Console.ReadKey();
最后说一下今天我在做Json序列化时,遇到的一个问题:在写出类名JavaScriptSerializer后怎么都无法引用(类名也不会变蓝色),在网上查了下,终于找到方法(我用的是Visual Studio 2010,2012也不行):
首先在项目上右击“属性”,如果目标框架是:.net framework 4 Client profile的,自然引用不了,要改成正式版,即选不带后缀(不带Client profile的),更改后项目中自然多了一个app.config项目配置文件,再引用System.web.Extensions这个程序集。问题即可解决。