一.DotNet文件目录常用操作：
DiveInfo：提供了对逻辑磁盘的基本信息访问的途径。（只能查看信息，不能做任何修改。）
System.Environment：用来枚举驱动器。（不能获取驱动器的属性）
System.Management：.NET针对WMI调用。
(WMI，是Windows 2K/XP管理系统的核心；对于其他的Win32操作系统，WMI是一个有用的插件。WMI以CIMOM为基础，CIMOM即公共信息模型对象管理器（Common Information Model Object Manager），是一个描述操作系统构成单元的对象数据库，为MMC和脚本程序提供了一个访问操作系统构成单元的公共接口。有了WMI，工具软件和脚本程序访问操作系统的不同部分时不需要使用不同的API；相反，操作系统的不同部分都可以插入WMI，如图所示，工具软件和脚本程序可以方便地读写WMI。)
Directory和DircetoryInfo：用于操作目录。（前者为静态类，后者则须在实例化后调用，功能上相同）
File和FileInfo：用于操作文件。（前者为静态类，后者须实例化后调用，功能上相同）
以上介绍了一些文件的基本操作类，本次主要讲解目录和文件操作，一下给出文件和目录操作的一些基本方法
(1).文件操作：
/// <summary>
/// 写文件
/// </summary>
/// <param name="fileName">文件名</param>
/// <param name="content">文件内容</param>
/// <param name="encoding">指定文件编码</param>
protected void Write_Txt(string fileName, string content, string encoding)
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(fileName))
{
throw new ArgumentNullException(fileName);
}
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(content))
{
throw new ArgumentNullException(content);
}
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(encoding))
{
throw new ArgumentNullException(encoding);
}
var code = Encoding.GetEncoding(encoding);
var htmlfilename = HttpContext.Current.Server.MapPath("Precious\\" + fileName + ".txt");
var str = content;
var sw = StreamWriter.Null;
try
{
using (sw = new StreamWriter(htmlfilename, false, code))
{
sw.Write(str);
sw.Flush();
}
}
catch (IOException ioex)
{
throw new IOException(ioex.Message);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
throw new Exception(ex.Message);
}
finally
{
sw.Close();
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 读文件
/// </summary>
/// <param name="filename">文件路径</param>
/// <param name="encoding">文件编码</param>
/// <returns></returns>
protected string Read_Txt(string filename, string encoding)
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(filename))
{
throw new ArgumentNullException(filename);
}
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(encoding))
{
throw new ArgumentNullException(encoding);
}
var code = Encoding.GetEncoding(encoding);
var temp = HttpContext.Current.Server.MapPath("Precious\\" + filename + ".txt");
var str = string.Empty;
if (!System.IO.File.Exists(temp)) return str;
var sr = StreamReader.Null;
try
{
using (sr = new StreamReader(temp, code))
{
str = sr.ReadToEnd();
}
}
catch (IOException ioex)
{
throw new IOException(ioex.Message);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
throw new Exception(ex.Message);
}
finally
{
sr.Close();
}
return str;
}
/// <summary>
/// 拷贝文件
/// </summary>
/// <param name="orignFile">原始文件</param>
/// <param name="newFile">新文件路径</param>
public static void FileCoppy(string orignFile, string newFile)
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(orignFile))
{
throw new ArgumentException(orignFile);
}
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(newFile))
{
throw new ArgumentException(newFile);
}
System.IO.File.Copy(orignFile, newFile, true);
}
/// <summary>
/// 删除文件
/// </summary>
/// <param name="path">路径</param>
public static void FileDel(string path)
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(path))
{
throw new ArgumentException(path);
}
System.IO.File.Delete(path);
}
/// <summary>
/// 移动文件
/// </summary>
/// <param name="orignFile">原始路径</param>
/// <param name="newFile">新路径</param>
public static void FileMove(string orignFile, string newFile)
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(orignFile))
{
throw new ArgumentException(orignFile);
}
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(newFile))
{
throw new ArgumentException(newFile);
}
System.IO.File.Move(orignFile, newFile);
}
2.目录操作：
/// <summary>
/// 在当前目录下创建目录
/// </summary>
/// <param name="orignFolder">当前目录</param>
/// <param name="newFloder">新目录</param>
public static void FolderCreate(string orignFolder, string newFloder)
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(orignFolder))
{
throw new ArgumentException(orignFolder);
}
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(newFloder))
{
throw new ArgumentException(newFloder);
}
Directory.SetCurrentDirectory(orignFolder);
Directory.CreateDirectory(newFloder);
}
/// <summary>
/// 创建文件夹
/// </summary>
/// <param name="path"></param>
public static void FolderCreate(string path)
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(path))
{
throw new ArgumentException(path);
}
if (!Directory.Exists(path))
{
Directory.CreateDirectory(path);
}
}
public static void FileCreate(string path)
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(path))
{
throw new ArgumentException(path);
}
var createFile = new FileInfo(path);
if (createFile.Exists) return;
var fs = createFile.Create();
fs.Close();
fs.Dispose();
}
/// <summary>
/// 递归删除文件夹目录及文件
/// </summary>
/// <param name="dir"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static void DeleteFolder(string dir)
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(dir))
{
throw new ArgumentException(dir);
}
if (!Directory.Exists(dir)) return;
foreach (var d in Directory.GetFileSystemEntries(dir))
{
if (System.IO.File.Exists(d))
{
//直接删除其中的文件
System.IO.File.Delete(d);
}
else
{
//递归删除子文件夹
DeleteFolder(d);
}
}
//删除已空文件夹
Directory.Delete(dir, true);
}
/// <summary>
/// 指定文件夹下面的所有内容copy到目标文件夹下面
/// </summary>
/// <param name="srcPath">原始路径</param>
/// <param name="aimPath">目标文件夹</param>
public static void CopyDir(string srcPath, string aimPath)
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(srcPath))
{
throw new ArgumentNullException(srcPath);
}
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(aimPath))
{
throw new ArgumentNullException(aimPath);
}
try
{
if (aimPath[aimPath.Length - 1] != Path.DirectorySeparatorChar)
{
aimPath += Path.DirectorySeparatorChar;
}
if (!Directory.Exists(aimPath))
{
Directory.CreateDirectory(aimPath);
}
var fileList = Directory.GetFileSystemEntries(srcPath);
foreach (var file in fileList)
{
if (Directory.Exists(file))
{
CopyDir(file, aimPath + Path.GetFileName(file));
}
else
{
System.IO.File.Copy(file, aimPath + Path.GetFileName(file), true);
}
}
}
catch (IOException ioex)
{
throw new IOException(ioex.Message);
}
catch (Exception ee)
{
throw new Exception(ee.ToString());
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 获取指定文件夹下所有子目录及文件
/// </summary>
/// <param name="path">详细路径</param>
public static string GetFoldAll(string path)
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(path))
{
throw new ArgumentNullException(path);
}
var str =string.Empty;
var thisOne = new DirectoryInfo(path);
str = ListTreeShow(thisOne, 0, str);
return str;
}
/// <summary>
/// 获取指定文件夹下所有子目录及文件函数
/// </summary>
/// <param name="theDir">指定目录</param>
/// <param name="nLevel">默认起始值,调用时,一般为0</param>
/// <param name="rn">用于迭加的传入值,一般为空</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static string ListTreeShow(DirectoryInfo theDir, int nLevel, string rn)
{
if (theDir == null)
{
throw new ArgumentNullException("theDir");
}
//获得目录
DirectoryInfo[] subDirectories = theDir.GetDirectories();
foreach (DirectoryInfo dirinfo in subDirectories)
{
if (nLevel == 0)
{
rn += "├";
}
else
{
var s =string.Empty;
for (int i = 1; i <= nLevel; i++)
{
s += "│ ";
}
rn += s + "├";
}
rn += "<b>" + dirinfo.Name + "</b><br />";
//目录下的文件
var fileInfo = dirinfo.GetFiles();
foreach (FileInfo fInfo in fileInfo)
{
if (nLevel == 0)
{
rn += "│ ├";
}
else
{
var f = string.Empty;
for (int i = 1; i <= nLevel; i++)
{
f += "│ ";
}
rn += f + "│ ├";
}
rn += fInfo.Name.ToString() + " <br />";
}
rn = ListTreeShow(dirinfo, nLevel + 1, rn);
}
return rn;
}
/// <summary>
/// 获取指定文件夹下所有子目录及文件(下拉框形)
/// </summary>
/// <param name="path">详细路径</param>
///<param name="dropName">下拉列表名称</param>
///<param name="tplPath">默认选择模板名称</param>
public static string GetFoldAll(string path, string dropName, string tplPath)
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(path))
{
throw new ArgumentNullException(path);
}
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(tplPath))
{
throw new ArgumentNullException(tplPath);
}
var strDrop = "<select name=\"" + dropName + "\" id=\"" + dropName + "\"><option value=\"\">--请选择详细模板--</option>";
var str =string.Empty;
DirectoryInfo thisOne = new DirectoryInfo(path);
str = ListTreeShow(thisOne, 0, str, tplPath);
return strDrop + str + "</select>";
}
/// <summary>
/// 获取指定文件夹下所有子目录及文件函数
/// </summary>
/// <param name="theDir">指定目录</param>
/// <param name="nLevel">默认起始值,调用时,一般为0</param>
/// <param name="rn">用于迭加的传入值,一般为空</param>
/// <param name="tplPath">默认选择模板名称</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static string ListTreeShow(DirectoryInfo theDir, int nLevel, string rn, string tplPath)
{
if (theDir == null)
{
throw new ArgumentNullException("theDir");
}
//获得目录
DirectoryInfo[] subDirectories = theDir.GetDirectories();
foreach (DirectoryInfo dirinfo in subDirectories)
{
rn += "<option value=\"" + dirinfo.Name + "\"";
if (string.Equals(tplPath, dirinfo.Name, StringComparison.CurrentCultureIgnoreCase))
{
rn += " selected ";
}
rn += ">";
if (nLevel == 0)
{
rn += "┣";
}
else
{
string s = string.Empty;
for (int i = 1; i <= nLevel; i++)
{
s += "│ ";
}
rn += s + "┣";
}
rn += "" + dirinfo.Name + "</option>";
//目录下的文件
FileInfo[] fileInfo = dirinfo.GetFiles();
foreach (FileInfo fInfo in fileInfo)
{
rn += "<option value=\"" + dirinfo.Name + "/" + fInfo.Name + "\"";
if (string.Equals(tplPath, fInfo.Name, StringComparison.CurrentCultureIgnoreCase))
{
rn += " selected ";
}
rn += ">";
if (nLevel == 0)
{
rn += "│ ├";
}
else
{
string f = string.Empty;
for (int i = 1; i <= nLevel; i++)
{
f += "│ ";
}
rn += f + "│ ├";
}
rn += fInfo.Name + "</option>";
}
rn = ListTreeShow(dirinfo, nLevel + 1, rn, tplPath);
}
return rn;
}
/// <summary>
/// 获取文件夹大小
/// </summary>
/// <param name="dirPath">文件夹路径</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static long GetDirectoryLength(string dirPath)
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(dirPath))
{
throw new ArgumentNullException(dirPath);
}
if (!Directory.Exists(dirPath))
{
return 0;
}
long len = 0;
DirectoryInfo di = new DirectoryInfo(dirPath);
foreach (FileInfo fi in di.GetFiles())
{
len += fi.Length;
}
DirectoryInfo[] dis = di.GetDirectories();
if (dis.Length > 0)
{
for (int i = 0; i < dis.Length; i++)
{
len += GetDirectoryLength(dis[i].FullName);
}
}
return len;
}
/// <summary>
/// 获取指定文件详细属性
/// </summary>
/// <param name="filePath">文件详细路径</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static string GetFileAttibe(string filePath)
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(filePath))
{
throw new ArgumentNullException(filePath);
}
var str = string.Empty;
FileInfo objFi = new FileInfo(filePath);
str += "详细路径:" + objFi.FullName + "<br>文件名称:" + objFi.Name + "<br>文件长度:" + objFi.Length + "字节<br>创建时间" + objFi.CreationTime.ToString() + "<br>最后访问时间:" + objFi.LastAccessTime.ToString() + "<br>修改时间:" + objFi.LastWriteTime.ToString() + "<br>所在目录:" + objFi.DirectoryName + "<br>扩展名:" + objFi.Extension;
return str;
}
(1).FileStream类GetAccessControl():检索文件的安全对象：
[SecuritySafeCritical]
public FileSecurity GetAccessControl()
{
if (this._handle.IsClosed)
{
__Error.FileNotOpen();
}
return new FileSecurity(this._handle, this._fileName, AccessControlSections.Group | AccessControlSections.Owner | AccessControlSections.Access);
}
[SecurityCritical, SecurityPermission(SecurityAction.Assert, UnmanagedCode=true)]
internal FileSecurity(SafeFileHandle handle, string fullPath, AccessControlSections includeSections) : base(false, handle, includeSections, false)
{
if (fullPath != null)
{
new FileIOPermission(FileIOPermissionAccess.NoAccess, AccessControlActions.View, fullPath).Demand();
}
else
{
new FileIOPermission(PermissionState.Unrestricted).Demand();
}
}
(2).FileStream类SetAccessControl()：保存设置。
[SecuritySafeCritical]
public void SetAccessControl(FileSecurity fileSecurity)
{
if (fileSecurity == null)
{
throw new ArgumentNullException("fileSecurity");
}
if (this._handle.IsClosed)
{
__Error.FileNotOpen();
}
fileSecurity.Persist(this._handle, this._fileName);
}
3.文件共享操作实例：
/// <summary>
/// 共享文档操作
/// </summary>
public class FileSharingOperationHelper
{
public static bool ConnectState(string path)
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(path))
{
throw new ArgumentNullException(path);
}
return ConnectState(path, "", "");
}
/// <summary>
/// 连接远程共享文件夹
/// </summary>
/// <param name="path">远程共享文件夹的路径</param>
/// <param name="userName">用户名</param>
/// <param name="passWord">密码</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static bool ConnectState(string path, string userName, string passWord)
{
var proc = new Process();
try
{
proc.StartInfo.FileName = "cmd.exe";
proc.StartInfo.UseShellExecute = false;
proc.StartInfo.RedirectStandardInput = true;
proc.StartInfo.RedirectStandardOutput = true;
proc.StartInfo.RedirectStandardError = true;
proc.StartInfo.CreateNoWindow = true;
proc.Start();
var dosLine = "net use " + path + " " + passWord + " /user:" + userName;
proc.StandardInput.WriteLine(dosLine);
proc.StandardInput.WriteLine("exit");
while (!proc.HasExited)
{
proc.WaitForExit(1000);
}
var errormsg = proc.StandardError.ReadToEnd();
proc.StandardError.Close();
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(errormsg))
{
throw new Exception(errormsg);
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
throw new Exception(ex.Message);
}
finally
{
proc.Close();
proc.Dispose();
}
return true;
}
/// <summary>
/// 向远程文件夹保存本地内容，或者从远程文件夹下载文件到本地
/// </summary>
/// <param name="src">要保存的文件的路径，如果保存文件到共享文件夹，这个路径就是本地文件路径如：@"D:\1.avi"</param>
/// <param name="dst">保存文件的路径，不含名称及扩展名</param>
/// <param name="fileName">保存文件的名称以及扩展名</param>
public static void Transport(string src, string dst, string fileName)
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(src))
{
throw new ArgumentNullException(src);
}
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(dst))
{
throw new ArgumentNullException(dst);
}
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(fileName))
{
throw new ArgumentNullException(fileName);
}
FileStream inFileStream = null;
FileStream outFileStream = null;
try
{
inFileStream = new FileStream(src, FileMode.Open);
if (!Directory.Exists(dst))
{
Directory.CreateDirectory(dst);
}
dst = dst + fileName;
outFileStream = new FileStream(dst, FileMode.OpenOrCreate);
var buf = new byte[inFileStream.Length];
int byteCount;
while ((byteCount = inFileStream.Read(buf, 0, buf.Length)) > 0)
{
outFileStream.Write(buf, 0, byteCount);
}
}
catch (IOException ioex)
{
throw new IOException(ioex.Message);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
throw new Exception(ex.Message);
}
finally
{
if (inFileStream != null)
{
inFileStream.Flush();
inFileStream.Close();
}
if (outFileStream != null)
{
outFileStream.Flush();
outFileStream.Close();
}
}
}
}
4.文件彻底删除实例：
在.NET中提供了两种文件彻底的方法：
(1).调用系统API来完成这样的“粉碎”操作。
(2).在删除文件之前先删除文件的所有内容，然后在执行删除操作，被称为“假粉碎”。（此方法可以被人恢复文件，但是恢复的数据只是文件中的0）
/// <summary>
/// 粉碎文件操作
/// </summary>
public class KillFileHelper
{
/// <summary>
/// 强力粉碎文件，文件如果被打开，很难粉碎
/// </summary>
/// <param name="filename">文件全路径</param>
/// <param name="deleteCount">删除次数</param>
/// <param name="randomData">随机数据填充文件，默认true</param>
/// <param name="blanks">空白填充文件，默认false</param>
/// <returns>true：粉碎成功，false：粉碎失败</returns>
public static bool KillFile(string filename, int deleteCount, bool randomData = true, bool blanks = false)
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(filename))
{
throw new ArgumentNullException(filename);
}
const int bufferLength = 1024000;
var ret = true;
try
{
using (var stream = new FileStream(filename, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.ReadWrite, FileShare.ReadWrite))
{
var f = new FileInfo(filename);
var count = f.Length;
long offset = 0;
var rowDataBuffer = new byte[bufferLength];
while (count >= 0)
{
var iNumOfDataRead = stream.Read(rowDataBuffer, 0, bufferLength);
if (iNumOfDataRead == 0)
{
break;
}
if (randomData)
{
var randombyte = new Random();
randombyte.NextBytes(rowDataBuffer);
}
else if (blanks)
{
for (var i = 0; i < iNumOfDataRead; i++)
rowDataBuffer[i] = 0;
}
else
{
for (var i = 0; i < iNumOfDataRead; i++)
rowDataBuffer[i] = Convert.ToByte(Convert.ToChar(deleteCount));
}
// 写新内容到文件。
for (var i = 0; i < deleteCount; i++)
{
stream.Seek(offset, SeekOrigin.Begin);
stream.Write(rowDataBuffer, 0, iNumOfDataRead);
}
offset += iNumOfDataRead;
count -= iNumOfDataRead;
}
}
//每一个文件名字符代替随机数从0到9。
var newName = "";
do
{
var random = new Random();
var cleanName = Path.GetFileName(filename);
var dirName = Path.GetDirectoryName(filename);
var iMoreRandomLetters = random.Next(9);
// 为了更安全，不要只使用原文件名的大小，添加一些随机字母。
for (var i = 0; i < cleanName.Length + iMoreRandomLetters; i++)
{
newName += random.Next(9).ToString();
}
newName = dirName + "\\" + newName;
} while (File.Exists(newName));
// 重命名文件的新的随机的名字。
File.Move(filename, newName);
File.Delete(newName);
}
catch
{
//可能其他原因删除失败了，使用我们自己的方法强制删除
var matchPattern = @"(?<=\s+pid:\s+)\b(\d+)\b(?=\s+)";
try
{
//要检查被那个进程占用的文件
var fileName = filename;
var tool = new Process { StartInfo = { FileName = "handle.exe", Arguments = fileName + " /accepteula", UseShellExecute = false, RedirectStandardOutput = true } };
tool.Start();
tool.WaitForExit();
var outputTool = tool.StandardOutput.ReadToEnd();
foreach (Match match in Regex.Matches(outputTool, matchPattern))
{
//结束掉所有正在使用这个文件的程序
Process.GetProcessById(int.Parse(match.Value)).Kill();
}
File.Delete(fileName);
}
catch
{
ret = false;
}
}
return ret;
}
}
5.DotNet文件加密解密操作：
File和FileInfo类对文件加密进行了进一步的封装，提供了Encrypt和Decrypt方法用来对文件加密和解密。这两种方法要求文件系统必须为NFTS系统，对操作系统版本也要求必须是NT以上版本，使用该方法加密的文件，必须由同一用户才能进行解密。
(1).Encrypt():文件加密操作。
[SecuritySafeCritical]
public static void Encrypt(string path)
{
if (path == null)
{
throw new ArgumentNullException("path");
}
string fullPathInternal = Path.GetFullPathInternal(path);
new FileIOPermission(FileIOPermissionAccess.Write | FileIOPermissionAccess.Read, new string[] { fullPathInternal }, false, false).Demand();
if (!Win32Native.EncryptFile(fullPathInternal))
{
int errorCode = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();
if (errorCode == 5)
{
DriveInfo info = new DriveInfo(Path.GetPathRoot(fullPathInternal));
if (!string.Equals("NTFS", info.DriveFormat))
{
throw new NotSupportedException(Environment.GetResourceString("NotSupported_EncryptionNeedsNTFS"));
}
}
__Error.WinIOError(errorCode, fullPathInternal);
}
}
(2).Decrypt():文件解密操作。
[SecuritySafeCritical]
public static void Decrypt(string path)
{
if (path == null)
{
throw new ArgumentNullException("path");
}
string fullPathInternal = Path.GetFullPathInternal(path);
new FileIOPermission(FileIOPermissionAccess.Write | FileIOPermissionAccess.Read, new string[] { fullPathInternal }, false, false).Demand();
if (!Win32Native.DecryptFile(fullPathInternal, 0))
{
int errorCode = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();
if (errorCode == 5)
{
DriveInfo info = new DriveInfo(Path.GetPathRoot(fullPathInternal));
if (!string.Equals("NTFS", info.DriveFormat))
{
throw new NotSupportedException(Environment.GetResourceString("NotSupported_EncryptionNeedsNTFS"));
}
}
__Error.WinIOError(errorCode, fullPathInternal);
}
}
时间： 2024-10-07 15:56:13