一般我们本机测试一些Linux服务集群时需要安装多台linux虚机，大多情况是安装一台模板机进行复制。
在VirtualBox中进行复制后，我们需要注意网卡变更。
修改内容包括mac地址，和IP相关配置。
一，mac地址修改与VirtualBox提供的一致。
centos中mac地址的修改在/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules文件中。
#
# You can modify it, as long as you keep each rule on a single
# line, and change only the value of the NAME= key.
# PCI device 0x8086:0x100e (e1000)
SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="08:00:27:E5:A8:1A", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eth0"
# PCI device 0x8086:0x100e (e1000)
SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="08:00:27:E5:A8:1A", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eth1"
# PCI device 0x8086:0x100e (e1000) (custom name provided by external tool)
SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="08:00:27:e5:a8:1a", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eth1"
修改你使用的网卡为正确地址。
二，修改网卡IP配置
该文件在/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 中，修改内容如下：
DEVICE=eth1
TYPE=Ethernet
UUID=5f39aa83-e8ef-480f-ba36-00a7ebaa76d2
ONBOOT=yes
NM_CONTROLLED=yes
BOOTPROTO=static或dhcp（动态分配就不需要手动设置网关，DNS这些信息）
HWADDR=08:00:27:9A:E5:AC
DEFROUTE=yes
PEERDNS=yes
PEERROUTES=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=yes
IPADDR=192.168.31.120
GATEWAY=192.168.31.1
DNS1=192.168.1.1
IPV6INIT=no
USERCTL=no
NAME="System eth1"
当然修改完成后不会立即生效，你可以选择重启，或命令让其生效。
重启网络
# service network restart
或者
# /etc/init.d/network restart
故障案例一：
ifconfig...没有看到eth0.。然后重启网卡又报下面错误。
故障现象：
service network restart
Shutting down loopback insterface: [ OK ]
Bringing up loopback insterface: [ OK ]
Bringing up interface eth0: Device eth0 does not seem to be present,delaying initialization. [FAILED]
首先，打开内容如下面例子所示：
# vi /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules
# This file was automatically generated by the /lib/udev/write_net_rules
# program, run by the persistent-net-generator.rules rules file.
#
# You can modify it, as long as you keep each rule on a single
# line, and change only the value of the NAME= key.
# PCI device 0x1022:0x2000 (pcnet32)
SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="00:0c:29:8f:89:9
7", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eth0"
# PCI device 0x1022:0x2000 (pcnet32)
SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="00:0c:29:50:bd:1
7", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eth1"
记录下，eth1网卡的mac地址00:0c:29:50:bd:17
接下来，打开/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
将 DEVICE="eth0" 改成 DEVICE="eth1" ,
将 HWADDR="00:0c:29:8f:89:97" 改成上面的mac地址 HWADDR="00:0c:29:50:bd:17"
最后，重启网络