1、列出当前系统上所有已经登录的用户的用户名，注意：同一个用户登录多次，则只显示一次即可。
[[email protected] ~]# who root pts/0 2016-08-22 01:40 (10.3.20.100) zdw pts/1 2016-08-22 01:45 (10.3.20.100) zdw pts/2 2016-08-22 01:45 (10.3.20.100) root pts/3 2016-08-22 01:46 (10.3.20.100) [[email protected] ~]# who | cut -d‘ ‘ -f1 | sort -u root zdw
2、取出最后登录到当前系统的用户的相关信息。
[[email protected] ~]# last | head -1 root pts/3 10.3.20.100 Mon Aug 22 01:46 still logged in
3、取出当前系统上被用户当作其默认shell的最多的那个shell。
[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/passwd | cut -d: -f7 | sort | uniq -c | sort -n | tail -1 15 /sbin/nologin
4、将/etc/passwd 中的第三个字段数值最大的后10个用户的信息全部改为大写后保存至/tmp/maxusers.txt文件中。
[[email protected] ~]# sort -t: -k3 -n /etc/passwd | tail -10 | tr "a-z" "A-Z" > /tmp/maxusers.txt [[email protected] ~]# cat /tmp/maxusers.txt OPERATOR:X:11:0:OPERATOR:/ROOT:/SBIN/NOLOGIN GAMES:X:12:100:GAMES:/USR/GAMES:/SBIN/NOLOGIN GOPHER:X:13:30:GOPHER:/VAR/GOPHER:/SBIN/NOLOGIN FTP:X:14:50:FTP USER:/VAR/FTP:/SBIN/NOLOGIN VCSA:X:69:69:VIRTUAL CONSOLE MEMORY OWNER:/DEV:/SBIN/NOLOGIN SSHD:X:74:74:PRIVILEGE-SEPARATED SSH:/VAR/EMPTY/SSHD:/SBIN/NOLOGIN POSTFIX:X:89:89::/VAR/SPOOL/POSTFIX:/SBIN/NOLOGIN NOBODY:X:99:99:NOBODY:/:/SBIN/NOLOGIN SASLAUTH:X:499:76:"SASLAUTHD USER":/VAR/EMPTY/SASLAUTH:/SBIN/NOLOGIN ZDW:X:500:500::/HOME/ZDW:/BIN/BASH
5、取出当前主机的IP地址，提示：对ifconfig命令的结果进行切分。
[[email protected] ~]# ifconfig | grep inet | cut -d： -f2 | cut -d‘ ‘ -f1 |head -1 10.3.20.80
6、列出/etc目录下所有以.conf结尾的文件的文件名，并将其名字转换为大写后保存至/tmp/etc.conf文件中。
[[email protected] ~]# ls /etc/*.conf | tr "a-z" "A-Z" > /tmp/etc.conf [[email protected] ~]# cat /tmp/etc.conf /ETC/DRACUT.CONF /ETC/GAI.CONF /ETC/GRUB.CONF /ETC/HOST.CONF /ETC/KRB5.CONF /ETC/LD.SO.CONF /ETC/LIBAUDIT.CONF /ETC/LIBUSER.CONF /ETC/LOGROTATE.CONF /ETC/MKE2FS.CONF /ETC/NSSWITCH.CONF /ETC/RESOLV.CONF /ETC/RSYSLOG.CONF /ETC/SESTATUS.CONF /ETC/SUDO.CONF /ETC/SUDO-LDAP.CONF /ETC/SYSCTL.CONF /ETC/YUM.CONF
7、显示/var目录下一级子目录或文件的总个数。
[[email protected] ~]# ls /var/ | wc -l 16
8、取出/etc/group文件中第三个字段数值最小的10个组的名字。
[[email protected] ~]# sort -t: -k3 -n /etc/group | head -10 | cut -d: -f 1 root bin daemon sys adm tty disk lp mem kmem
9、将/etc/fstab和/etc/issue文件的内容合并为同一个内容后保存至/tmp/etc.test文件中。
[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/{fstab,issue} > /tmp/etc.test
[[email protected] ~]# cat /tmp/etc.test
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Mon Feb 29 01:31:34 2016
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under ‘/dev/disk‘
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root / ext4 defaults 1 1
UUID=e880d9c0-5a7e-4e59-a49b-06488a6e4208 /boot ext4 defaults 1 2
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_swap swap swap defaults 0 0
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
CentOS release 6.5 (Final)
Kernel \r on an \m
10、请总结描述用户和组管理类命令的使用方法并完成以下练习：
(1)、创建组distro，其GID为2016；
[[email protected] ~]# groupadd -g 2016 distro [[email protected] ~]# tail -1 /etc/group distro:x:2016:
(2)、创建用户mandriva, 其ID号为1005；基本组为distro；
[[email protected] ~]# useradd -u 1005 -g distro mandriva [[email protected] ~]# id mandriva uid=1005(mandriva) gid=2016(distro) groups=2016(distro)
(3)、创建用户mageia，其ID号为1100，家目录为/home/linux;
[[email protected] ~]# useradd -u 1100 -d /home/linux mageia [[email protected] ~]# tail -1 /etc/passwd mageia:x:1100:1100::/home/linux:/bin/bash
(4)、给用户mageia添加密码，密码为mageedu；
[[email protected] ~]# echo "password" | passwd --stdin mageia Changing password for user mageia. passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
(5)、删除mandriva，但保留其家目录；
[[email protected] ~]# userdel mandriva [[email protected] ~]# ls /home/ linux mandriva zdw [[email protected] ~]# id mandriva id: mandriva: No such user
(6)、创建用户slackware，其ID号为2002，基本组为distro，附加组peguin；
[[email protected] ~]# groupadd peguin [[email protected] ~]# useradd -u 2002 -g distro -G peguin slackware [[email protected] ~]# id slackware uid=2002(slackware) gid=2016(distro) groups=2016(distro),2017(peguin)
(7)、修改slackware的默认shell为/bin/tcsh；
[[email protected] ~]# usermod -s /bin/tcsh slackware [[email protected] ~]# grep ‘slackware‘ /etc/passwd slackware:x:2002:2016::/home/slackware:/bin/tcsh
(8)、为用户slackware新增附加组admins；
[[email protected] ~]# groupadd admins [[email protected] ~]# usermod -a -G admins slackware [[email protected] ~]# id slackware uid=2002(slackware) gid=2016(distro) groups=2016(distro),2017(peguin),2018(admins)
(9)、为slackware添加密码，且要求密码最短使用期限为3天，最长为180天，警告为3天；
[[email protected] ~]# echo "123456" | passwd --stdin slackware Changing password for user slackware. passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully. [[email protected] ~]# passwd -n 3 -x 180 -w 3 slackware Adjusting aging data for user slackware. passwd: Success [[email protected] ~]# chage -l slackware Last password change : Aug 21, 2016 Password expires : Feb 17, 2017 Password inactive : never Account expires : never Minimum number of days between password change : 3 Maximum number of days between password change : 180 Number of days of warning before password expires : 3
(10)、添加用户openstack，其ID号为3003, 基本组为clouds，附加组为peguin和nova；
[[email protected] ~]# groupadd clouds [[email protected] ~]# groupadd nova [[email protected] ~]# useradd -u 3003 -g clouds -G peguin,nova openstack [[email protected] ~]# id openstack uid=3003(openstack) gid=2019(clouds) groups=2019(clouds),2017(peguin),2020(nova)
(11)、添加系统用户mysql，要求其shell为/sbin/nologin；
[[email protected] ~]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin mysql [[email protected] ~]# grep ‘mysql‘ /etc/passwd mysql:x:3004:3004::/home/mysql:/sbin/nologin
(12)、使用echo命令，非交互式为openstack添加密码。
[[email protected] ~]# echo "password" | passwd --stdin openstack Changing password for user openstack. passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
时间： 2024-10-14 04:48:59