Q1. 如何使单元格不可编辑?
A:设置ReadOnly属性,可以设置的对象包括DataGridViewRow(行)、DataGridViewColumn(列)、DataGridViewCell(单元格)以及自身DataGridView对象均可设置ReadOnly属性来限制单元格的编辑状态。
扩展:需要注意的是,当DataGridView通过DataSource绑定数据自动生成行列时,如果直接在Form的构造函数初始化界面InitializeComponent后直接设置ReadOnly属性,会造成一些意想不到的效果……
1 public MainForm() 2 { 3 InitializeComponent() 4 5 Application.DoEvents() 6 dataGridView.DataSource = Person.GetPersons() 7 dataGridView[0, 0].ReadOnly = true 8 dataGridView.Rows[2].ReadOnly = true 9 dataGridView.Columns[1].ReadOnly = true 10 }
此时对DataGridViewCell、DataGridViewRow的ReadOnly设置无效,而对DataGridViewColumn的ReadOnly设置有效。
另外,ReadOnly属性只是限制用户在界面上对单元格内容编辑的限制,并不影响在编程代码中对该单元格的编辑以及删除行列操作。
当然,你也可以在CellBeginEdit事件中对单元格进行判断,然后直接结束编辑即可,如下:
1 dataGridView.CellBeginEdit += (sender, e) => 2 { 3 if (e.RowIndex == 0 && e.ColumnIndex == 0) 4 { 5 e.Cancel = true 6 // 或者 7 // dataGridView.EndEdit(); 8 } 9 }
Q2. 如何禁用单元格(Disable)?
A:DataGridView不支持设置单元格的不可用状态,所以采用折中办法,使该“禁用”单元格的选中状态和其背景颜色相同,给人暗示性的外观提示该单元格“禁用”。
有一种便捷的方式,就是将该“禁用”单元格的选中颜色设置成非选中颜色,即如果未选中前是白底黑字,则将该“禁用”单元格的选中状态也改成白底黑字即可,对单元格、行和列均适用,举例如下:
1 dataGridView[2, 2].Style.SelectionBackColor = Color.White 2 dataGridView[2, 2].Style.SelectionForeColor = Color.Black 3 4 dataGridView.Rows[1].DefaultCellStyle.SelectionBackColor = Color.White 5 dataGridView.Rows[1].DefaultCellStyle.SelectionForeColor = Color.Black 6 7 dataGridView.Columns[0].DefaultCellStyle.SelectionBackColor = Color.White 8 dataGridView.Columns[0].DefaultCellStyle.SelectionForeColor = Color.Black
需要注意的是,同Q1中一样,在InitializeComponent方法后面直接操作,其中对单元格的设置无效,对行、列的设置有效!!
但是这种方法对文本内容的单元有效,对于DataGridViewButtonColumn、DataGridViewCheckBoxColumn、DataGridViewComboBoxColumn等其他特殊列就没效果了,毕竟对于特殊列,禁用单元格就是要禁用其中的特殊控件,这时候就需要重写其中的单元格模版了,以DataGridViewButtonColumn为例,代码如下:
public class DataGridViewButtonColumnExt : DataGridViewButtonColum { public DataGridViewButtonColumnExt() { this.CellTemplate = new DataGridViewButtonCellExt() } } public class DataGridViewButtonCellExt : DataGridViewButtonCell { private bool _Enabled;// 设置该单元格是否可用 /// <summary> /// 单元格是否可用 /// </summary> public bool Enabled { get { return _Enabled } set { _Enabled = value } } public override object Clone() { DataGridViewButtonCellExt cell =(DataGridViewButtonCellExt)base.Clone() cell.Enabled = this.Enabled return cell } public DataGridViewButtonCellExt() { this._Enabled = true } protected override void Paint(Graphics graphics, Rectangle clipBounds, Rectangle cellBounds, int rowIndex, DataGridViewElementStates elementState, object value, object formattedValue, string errorText, DataGridViewCellStyle cellStyle, DataGridViewAdvancedBorderStyle advancedBorderStyle, DataGridViewPaintParts paintParts) { if (!this._Enabled) { // 绘制背景 if ((paintParts & DataGridViewPaintParts.Background) == DataGridViewPaintParts.Background) { SolidBrush cellBackground = new SolidBrush(cellStyle.BackColor) graphics.FillRectangle(cellBackground, cellBounds) cellBackground.Dispose() } // 绘制边框 if ((paintParts & DataGridViewPaintParts.Border) == DataGridViewPaintParts.Border) { PaintBorder(graphics, clipBounds, cellBounds, cellStyle, advancedBorderStyle) } Rectangle buttonArea = cellBound Rectangle buttonAdjustment = this.BorderWidths(advancedBorderStyle) buttonArea.X += buttonAdjustment.X buttonArea.Y += buttonAdjustment.Y buttonArea.Height -= buttonAdjustment.Height buttonArea.Width -= buttonAdjustment.Width // 绘制按钮控件 ButtonRenderer.DrawButton(graphics, buttonArea, PushButtonState.Disabled) // 绘制文本内容 if (this.FormattedValue is String) { TextRenderer.DrawText(graphics, (string)this.FormattedValue, this.DataGridView.Font, buttonArea, SystemColors.GrayText) } } else { base.Paint(graphics, clipBounds, cellBounds, rowIndex, elementState, value, formattedValue, errorText, cellStyle, advancedBorderStyle, paintParts) } } }
下面是CheckBox列的重写例子,因为复选框有两种禁用效果,一种选中时禁用,一种是未选中时禁用,所以加了一个IsChecked属性:
public class DataGridViewCheckBoxColumnExt : DataGridViewCheckBoxColum { public DataGridViewCheckBoxColumnExt() { this.CellTemplate = new DataGridViewCheckBoxCellExt() } } public class DataGridViewCheckBoxCellExt : DataGridViewCheckBoxCell { private bool _Enable private bool _IsChecked /// <summary> /// 是否选中 /// </summary> public bool IsChecked { get { return _IsChecked } set { _IsChecked = value } } /// <summary> /// 是否可用 /// </summary> public bool Enable { get { return _Enable } set { _Enable = value } } public DataGridViewCheckBoxCellExt() { _Enable = true _IsChecked = false } public override object Clone() { DataGridViewCheckBoxCellExt dgvcce = (DataGridViewCheckBoxCellExt)base.Clone() dgvcce.Enable = this.Enable dgvcce.IsChecked = this.IsChecked return dgvcce } protected override void Paint(Graphics graphics, Rectangle clipBounds, Rectangle cellBounds, int rowIndex, DataGridViewElementStates elementState, object value, object formattedValue, string errorText, DataGridViewCellStyle cellStyle, DataGridViewAdvancedBorderStyle advancedBorderStyle, DataGridViewPaintParts paintParts) { if (!_Enable) { // 绘制背景 if ((paintParts & DataGridViewPaintParts.Background) == DataGridViewPaintParts.Background) { SolidBrush cellBackground = new SolidBrush(cellStyle.BackColor) graphics.FillRectangle(cellBackground, cellBounds) cellBackground.Dispose() } // 绘制边框 if ((paintParts & DataGridViewPaintParts.Border) == DataGridViewPaintParts.Border) { PaintBorder(graphics, clipBounds, cellBounds, cellStyle, advancedBorderStyle) } Point pos = cellBounds.Locatio // 调整位置居中 pos.X = pos.X + cellBounds.Width / 2 - 7 pos.Y = pos.Y + cellBounds.Height / 2 - 7 // 绘制按钮控件 CheckBoxRenderer.DrawCheckBox(graphics, pos, IsChecked ? CheckBoxState.CheckedDisabled : CheckBoxState.UncheckedDisabled) } else { base.Paint(graphics, clipBounds, cellBounds, rowIndex, elementState, value, formattedValue, errorText, cellStyle, advancedBorderStyle, paintParts) } } }
Q3. 如何在单元格内同时显示图片和文字?
A:参考网上查到的资料,将文本列(DataGridViewTextBoxColum)中的文本向右偏移,然后在前面置入图片;
public class TextAndImageColumn : DataGridViewTextBoxColum { private Image m_ImageValue private Size m_ImageSize public TextAndImageColumn() { this.CellTemplate = new TextAndImageCell() } public override object Clone() { TextAndImageColumn c = base.Clone() as TextAndImageColum c.m_ImageValue = this.m_ImageValue c.m_ImageSize = this.m_ImageSize return c } public Image Image { get { return this.m_ImageValue } set { if (this.Image != value) { this.m_ImageValue = value this.m_ImageSize = value.Size if (this.InheritedStyle != null) { Padding inheritedPadding = this.InheritedStyle.Padding this.DefaultCellStyle.Padding = new Padding(m_ImageSize.Width, inheritedPadding.Top, inheritedPadding.Right, inheritedPadding.Bottom) } } } } public Size ImageSize { get { return m_ImageSize } set { m_ImageSize = value } } private TextAndImageCell TextAndImageCellTemplate { get { return this.CellTemplate as TextAndImageCell } } } public class TextAndImageCell : DataGridViewTextBoxCell { private Image m_ImageValue private Size m_ImageSize public override object Clone() { TextAndImageCell c = base.Clone() as TextAndImageCell c.m_ImageValue = this.m_ImageValue c.m_ImageSize = this.m_ImageSize return c } public Image Image { get { if (this.OwningColumn == null || this.OwningTextAndImageColumn == null) { return m_ImageValue } else if (this.m_ImageValue != null) { return this.m_ImageValue } else { return this.OwningTextAndImageColumn.Image } } set { if (this.m_ImageValue != value) { this.m_ImageValue = value this.m_ImageSize = value.Size Padding inheritedPadding = this.InheritedStyle.Padding this.Style.Padding = new Padding(m_ImageSize.Width, inheritedPadding.Top, inheritedPadding.Right, inheritedPadding.Bottom) } } } protected override void Paint(Graphics graphics, Rectangle clipBounds, Rectangle cellBounds, int rowIndex, DataGridViewElementStates cellState, object value, object formattedValue, string errorText, DataGridViewCellStyle cellStyle, DataGridViewAdvancedBorderStyle advancedBorderStyle, DataGridViewPaintParts paintParts) { // Paint the base content base.Paint(graphics, clipBounds, cellBounds, rowIndex, cellState, value, formattedValue, errorText, cellStyle, advancedBorderStyle, paintParts) if (this.Image != null) { // Draw the image clipped to the cell. System.Drawing.Drawing2D.GraphicsContainer container = graphics.BeginContainer() graphics.SetClip(cellBounds) graphics.DrawImageUnscaled(this.Image, cellBounds.Location) graphics.EndContainer(container) } } private TextAndImageColumn OwningTextAndImageColum { get { return this.OwningColumn as TextAndImageColum } } }
还有一种实现方式是在CellPainting事件中对指定单元格进行图文绘制,参考百度文库
Q4. 如何让DataGridViewComboBox可编辑?
A:见 DataGridView中DataGridViewComboBox的可编辑 。
还有一种根据参考资料1提供的方法,更简捷,就是在CellValidating事件中将新编辑的内容添加到Items集合中,在EditingControlShowing事件中将下拉框类型DropDownStyle设置成ComboBoxStyle.DropDown,使用户可以进入编辑状态,代码如下:
1 private void dgv4_EditingControlShowing(object sender, DataGridViewEditingControlShowingEventArgs e) 2 { 3 try 4 { 5 if (dgv4.CurrentCellAddress.X == 4) 6 { 7 ComboBox cb = e.Control as ComboBox; 8 if (cb != null) 9 { 10 cb.DropDownStyle = ComboBoxStyle.DropDown; 11 } 12 } 13 } 14 catch (Exception ex) 15 { 16 MessageBox.Show(ex.Message); 17 } 18 } 19 20 private void dgv4_CellValidating(object sender, DataGridViewCellValidatingEventArgs e) 21 { 22 try 23 { 24 if (e.ColumnIndex == 4) 25 { 26 DataGridViewComboBoxColumn dgvcbc = (DataGridViewComboBoxColumn)dgv4.Columns[4]; 27 if (!dgvcbc.Items.Contains(e.FormattedValue)) 28 { 29 dgvcbc.Items.Add(e.FormattedValue); 30 } 31 } 32 } 33 catch (Exception ex) 34 { 35 MessageBox.Show(ex.Message); 36 } 37 }
Q5. 如何多列排序?
A:分绑定数据和非绑定数据两种情况处理。
1、绑定数据
如果绑定的数据源(如DataView)支持多列排序,则DataGridView在绑定数据后会保留数据源排序后的结果,但是只有第一个进行排序的列会在DataGridView的显示排序标记。而且,DataGridView的SortedColumn属性也只返回第一个排序列。
如果数据源实现了IBindingListView接口,并提供了对Sort属性的支持,那么该数据源就可以支持多列排序。为了弥补上面提到的只标记了第一排序列的缺陷,可以手动对进行排序的列设置SortGlyphDirection属性来标记。
1 BindingSource bindingSource = new BindingSource(); 2 dgv4.AutoGenerateColumns = false; 3 dgv4.DataSource = bindingSource; 4 5 DataTable dt = new DataTable(); 6 dt.Columns.Add("C1", typeof(int)); 7 dt.Columns.Add("C2", typeof(string)); 8 dt.Columns.Add("C3", typeof(string)); 9 10 dt.Rows.Add(1, "1", "Test1"); 11 dt.Rows.Add(2, "2", "Test2"); 12 dt.Rows.Add(2, "2", "Test1"); 13 dt.Rows.Add(3, "3", "Test3"); 14 dt.Rows.Add(4, "4", "Test4"); 15 dt.Rows.Add(4, "4", "Test3"); 16 17 DataView view = dt.DefaultView; 18 view.Sort = "C2 ASC,C3 DESC"; 19 bindingSource.DataSource = view; 20 21 DataGridViewTextBoxColumn col0 = new DataGridViewTextBoxColumn(); 22 col0.DataPropertyName = "C1"; 23 dgv4.Columns.Add(col0); 24 col0.SortMode = DataGridViewColumnSortMode.Programmatic; 25 col0.HeaderCell.SortGlyphDirection = SortOrder.None; 26 27 DataGridViewTextBoxColumn col1 = new DataGridViewTextBoxColumn(); 28 col1.DataPropertyName = "C2"; 29 dgv4.Columns.Add(col1); 30 col1.SortMode = DataGridViewColumnSortMode.Programmatic; 31 col1.HeaderCell.SortGlyphDirection = SortOrder.Ascending; 32 33 DataGridViewTextBoxColumn col2 = new DataGridViewTextBoxColumn(); 34 col2.DataPropertyName = "C3"; 35 dgv4.Columns.Add(col2); 36 col2.SortMode = DataGridViewColumnSortMode.Programmatic; 37 col2.HeaderCell.SortGlyphDirection = SortOrder.Descending;
需要注意的是,对SortGlyphDirection属性的设置要在DataGridView绑定DataSource后面操作,否则会不生效。
上面代码来自资料参考2的,可以简化成:
DataTable dt = new DataTable(); dt.Columns.Add("C1", typeof(int)); dt.Columns.Add("C2", typeof(string)); dt.Columns.Add("C3", typeof(string)); dt.Rows.Add(1, "1", "Test1"); dt.Rows.Add(2, "2", "Test2"); dt.Rows.Add(2, "2", "Test1"); dt.Rows.Add(3, "3", "Test3"); dt.Rows.Add(4, "4", "Test4"); dt.Rows.Add(4, "4", "Test3"); DataView view = dt.DefaultView; view.Sort = "C2 ASC,C3 DESC"; dgv4.DataSource = dt; dgv4.Columns[1].SortMode = DataGridViewColumnSortMode.Programmatic; dgv4.Columns[1].HeaderCell.SortGlyphDirection = SortOrder.Ascending; dgv4.Columns[2].SortMode = DataGridViewColumnSortMode.Programmatic; dgv4.Columns[2].HeaderCell.SortGlyphDirection = SortOrder.Descending;
2、非绑定数据
为了提供对多个列排序的支持,可以通过处理SortCompare事件,或者调用重载的Sort ( IComparer ) 方法以更灵活的方式进行排序。
2.1、SortCompare事件
private void dgv4_SortCompare(object sender, DataGridViewSortCompareEventArgs e) { try { e.SortResult = String.Compare(e.CellValue1.ToString(), e.CellValue2.ToString()); if (e.SortResult == 0 && e.Column.Name != "ID") { e.SortResult = string.Compare( dgv4.Rows[e.RowIndex1].Cells["ID"].Value.ToString(), dgv4.Rows[e.RowIndex2].Cells["ID"].Value.ToString()); } e.Handled = true; } catch (Exception ex) { MessageBox.Show(ex.Message); } }
上面的例子表示当你点击列头对某一列进行排序时,如果值相同时,则会按照对应ID值进行排序;所以如果要支持多列排序,在该事件里处理即可。
2.2、IComparer 接口
楼主扩展了资料里提供的参考例子,改成通用的多列排序接口实现,
1 public class RowComparer : IComparer 2 { 3 private Dictionary<string, int> m_SortList; 4 5 /// <summary> 6 /// 排序字符串,格式:(ColName1 AES,ColName2 DESC,ColName3 AES,...) 7 /// </summary> 8 public string Sort 9 { 10 get; 11 set; 12 } 13 14 /// <summary> 15 /// 构造函数,初始化排序条件 16 /// </summary> 17 public RowComparer(string sort) 18 { 19 Sort = sort; 20 try 21 { 22 string[] tmp = Sort.Split(‘,‘); 23 m_SortList = new Dictionary<string, int>(); 24 for (int i = 0; i < tmp.Length; i++) 25 { 26 string[] tmp2 = tmp[i].Split(new char[] { ‘ ‘ }, 27 StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries); 28 string colName = tmp2[0].ToLower(); 29 int sortType = tmp2[1].ToLower().Equals("AES") ? 1 : -1; 30 if (m_SortList.ContainsKey(colName)) 31 { 32 m_SortList[colName] = sortType; 33 } 34 else 35 { 36 m_SortList.Add(colName, sortType); 37 } 38 } 39 } 40 catch (Exception ex) 41 { 42 throw new Exception(ex.Message); 43 } 44 } 45 46 #region IComparer 成员 47 48 public int Compare(object x, object y) 49 { 50 int compareResult = 0;// 比较结果 51 int sortMode = 0;// 排序方式 52 try 53 { 54 DataGridViewRow dgvr1 = (DataGridViewRow)x; 55 DataGridViewRow dgvr2 = (DataGridViewRow)y; 56 foreach (string colName in m_SortList.Keys) 57 { 58 compareResult = string.Compare(dgvr1.Cells[colName].Value.ToString(), 59 dgvr2.Cells[colName].Value.ToString()); 60 sortMode = m_SortList[colName]; 61 if (compareResult != 0) 62 { 63 break; 64 } 65 } 66 } 67 catch (Exception ex) 68 { 69 MessageBox.Show(ex.Message); 70 } 71 72 return compareResult * sortMode; 73 } 74 75 #endregion 76 }
Sort属性采用DataView的Sort属性设置,然后在RowComparer构造函数对排序字符串进行处理,最后在接口方法Compare中依先后顺序逐级排序;
Q6. 绑定List时,如何使DataGridView和List数据源同步修改?(3)
A:当DataGridView绑定List数据源时,对List进行操作后并不会实时更新到DataGridView上,这时候采用BindingList就可以很好的解决问题。BindingList类可以用作创建双向数据绑定机制的基类。BindingList提供IBindingList接口的具体泛型实现,这样就不必实现完整的IBindingList接口了。
BindingList还可以通过扩展的AddNew方法支持工厂创建的示例;通过EndNew和CancelNew方法实现新项的事务性提交和回滚。
Q7. 如何在用户删除记录时显示确认对话框?
A:用户选中一行后按Delete键会触发UserDeletingRow事件(当然,前提是要设置DataGridView的AllowUserToDeleteRows属性为True才可以),在该事件里提示用户是否删除当前选中记录即可。
private void dgv4_UserDeletingRow(object sender, DataGridViewRowCancelEventArgs e) { try { if (!e.Row.IsNewRow) { if (MessageBox.Show("确定删除当前选中数据?", "删除", MessageBoxButtons.YesNo, MessageBoxIcon.Question, MessageBoxDefaultButton.Button2) == System.Windows.Forms.DialogResult.No) { e.Cancel = true; } } } catch (Exception ex) { MessageBox.Show(ex.Message); } }
Q8. 如何为单元格内的控件添加事件处理函数?
A:诸如DataGridViewButtonColumn列里的Button,DataGridViewCheckBoxColumn列里的CheckBox等等,要给Button或CheckBox控件添加事件处理函数,则可以通过实现DataGridView的EditingControlShowing事件,该事件是在单元格进入编辑模式时触发,可以处理执行该编辑控件的自定义初始化。它的第二个参数DataGridViewEditingControlShowingEventArgs类型,其Control属性就是该单元格内的编辑控件了。拿DataGridViewComboBoxColumn列里的ComboBox事件举个例子:
private void dgv4_EditingControlShowing(object sender, DataGridViewEditingControlShowingEventArgs e) { try { ComboBox cb = e.Control as ComboBox; if (cb != null) { cb.SelectedIndexChanged -= new EventHandler(cb_SelectedIndexChanged); cb.SelectedIndexChanged += cb_SelectedIndexChanged; } } catch (Exception ex) { MessageBox.Show(ex.Message); } } private void cb_SelectedIndexChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) { MessageBox.Show("Selected Index Changed!"); }
需要注意的是,在EditingControlShowing事件里对编辑控件进行事件绑定时,要防止其添加多个相同的事件处理函数,所以在绑定事件前可以先移除相应的事件处理函数。
Q9. 如何让数据显示区域(列)填充整个DataGridView大小?
A:可以设置DataGridView的AutoSizeColumnsMode属性,设置为DataGridViewAutoSizeColumnsMode.Fill,此时列宽会自动调整到使所有列宽精确填充控件的显示区域。当然,你可以通过设置每一列的DataGridViewColumn.FillWeight属性来设置每一列的相对宽度。
如果只是想把最后一列填充剩下的空间,而前面那些列都是固定大小的,那可以直接设置最后一列的DataGridViewColumn.AutoSizeMode的属性为 DataGridViewAutoSizeColumnMode.Fill 即可。
Q10. 如何使单元格内文本内容(TextBox)自动换行?
A:设置DataGridViewColumn.DefaultCellStyle.WrapMode = DataGridViewTriState.True;
Q11. 如何设置Image列中当值为NULL时不显示图像(默认显示“X”图像)?
A:设置Image列的 dataGridView.DefaultCellStyle.NullValue = null;
资料参考
1、http://www.cnblogs.com/xiaofengfeng/archive/2011/04/16/2018504.html (主要参考)
2、http://blogs.msdn.com/b/jfoscoding/archive/2005/11/17/494012.aspx
3、https://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/ms132679.aspx#Mtps_DropDownFilterTextBindingList
未完待续……