FTP 是File Transfer Protocol（文件传输协议）的英文简称，而中文简称为“文传协议”。用于Internet上的控制文件的双向传输。同时，它也是一个应用程序（Application）。
FTP的服务器软件有很多下面就拿vsftpd举例。
vsftpd 是一款在Linux发行版本里面最主流的FTP服务器程序，特点是小巧轻快，安全易用
下面开始安装
先检测是否存在vsftp服务
[[email protected] ~]# rpm -qa |grep vsftpd
没有，下面开始安装
[[email protected] ~]# yum install vsftpd* -y
使用vsftpd软件，主要包括如下几个命令：
启动ftp命令 #service vsftpd start
停止ftp命令 #service vsftpd stop
重启ftp命令 #service vsftpd restart
[[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/vsftpd restart Shutting down vsftpd: [ OK ] Starting vsftpd for vsftpd: [ OK ]
访问：失败
错误排查：防火墙没关闭
[[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/iptables stop iptables: Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter [ OK ] iptables: Flushing firewall rules: [ OK ] iptables: Unloading modules: [ OK ] [[email protected] ~]#
连上（但是是秘名用户就能访问）
下面我们开始更改一下配置文件
[[email protected] ~]# vi /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
#配置文件的内容简单介绍一下：
# Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf # # The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file # loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable. # Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults. # # READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options. # Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd‘s # capabilities. # # Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out). anonymous_enable=NO //禁止匿名用户访问 # # Uncomment this to allow local users to log in. local_enable=YES //允许本地用户登录FTP # # Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command. write_enable=YES //运行用户在FTP目录中有写入的权限 # # Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022, # if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd‘s) local_umask=022 //设置本地用户的文件生成掩码为022，默认为077 # # Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only # has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will # obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user. #anon_upload_enable=YES # # Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create # new directories. #anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES # # Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they # go into a certain directory. dirmessage_enable=YES //激活目录信息，当远程用户更改目录时，将出现提示信息 # # The target log file can be vsftpd_log_file or xferlog_file. # This depends on setting xferlog_std_format parameter xferlog_enable=YES //启用上传和下载日志功能 # # Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data). connect_from_port_20=YES //启用FTP数据端口的连接请求 # # If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by # a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not # recommended! #chown_uploads=YES #chown_username=whoever # # The name of log file when xferlog_enable=YES and xferlog_std_format=YES # WARNING - changing this filename affects /etc/logrotate.d/vsftpd.log #xferlog_file=/var/log/xferlog # # Switches between logging into vsftpd_log_file and xferlog_file files. # NO writes to vsftpd_log_file, YES to xferlog_file xferlog_std_format=YES //是否使用标准的日志文件格式 # # You may change the default value for timing out an idle session. #idle_session_timeout=600 # # You may change the default value for timing out a data connection. #data_connection_timeout=120 # # It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the # ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user. #nopriv_user=ftpsecure # # Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not # recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it, # however, may confuse older FTP clients. #async_abor_enable=YES # # By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore # the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII # mangling on files when in ASCII mode. # Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service # attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd # predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the # raw file. # ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol. #ascii_upload_enable=YES #ascii_download_enable=YES # # You may fully customise the login banner string: #ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service. # # You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently # useful for combatting certain DoS attacks. #deny_email_enable=YES # (default follows) #banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails # # You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home # directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of # users to NOT chroot(). #chroot_local_user=YES #chroot_list_enable=YES # (default follows) #chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list # # You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by # default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large # sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume # the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it. #ls_recurse_enable=YES # # When "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and # listens on IPv4 sockets. This directive cannot be used in conjunction # with the listen_ipv6 directive. listen=YES //让vsftpd处于独立启动监听端口模式# # This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. To listen on IPv4 and IPv6 # sockets, you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration files. # Make sure, that one of the listen options is commented !! #listen_ipv6=YES pam_service_name=vsftpd //设置PAM认证服务配置文件名称，文件存放在/etc/pam.d/目录 userlist_enable=YES //用户列表中的用户是否允许登录FTP服务器 tcp_wrappers=YES //使用tcp_wrappwers作为主机访问控制方式
下面我设置成禁止用户访问模式
然后定义一个用户名
[[email protected] ~]# useradd test [[email protected] ~]# passwd test Changing password for user test. New password: BAD PASSWORD: it is WAY too short BAD PASSWORD: is too simple Retype new password: passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully. [[email protected] ~]#
密码设置为123
然后访问一下：
但是访问不进去：
百度了一下才知道是 selinux的问题
[[email protected] ~]# vi /etc/selinux/config
重启一下
[[email protected] ~]# reboot
Broadcast message from [email protected]
(/dev/pts/0) at 18:42 ...
The system is going down for reboot NOW!
[[email protected] ~]#
查看是否关闭了
[[email protected] ~]# sestatus SELinux status: disabled [[email protected] ~]#
最简单的FTP服务器就搭建好了
下次将介绍一个稍微复杂的FTP服务器
时间： 2024-10-18 11:43:50