http://www.dmtf.org/standards/smbios
Dmidecode 这款软件允许你在 Linux 系统下获取有关硬件方面的信息。Dmidecode 遵循 SMBIOS/DMI 标准，其输出的信息包括 BIOS、系统、主板、处理器、内存、缓存等等。
[[email protected] ~]# which dmidecode
/usr/sbin/dmidecode
[[email protected] ~]# rpm -qf /usr/sbin/dmidecode
dmidecode-2.11-2.el6.x86_64
[[email protected] ~]# rpm -ql dmidecode
/usr/sbin/biosdecode
/usr/sbin/dmidecode
/usr/sbin/ownership
/usr/sbin/vpddecode
/usr/share/doc/dmidecode-2.11
/usr/share/doc/dmidecode-2.11/AUTHORS
/usr/share/doc/dmidecode-2.11/CHANGELOG
/usr/share/doc/dmidecode-2.11/LICENSE
/usr/share/doc/dmidecode-2.11/README
/usr/share/man/man8/biosdecode.8.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/dmidecode.8.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/ownership.8.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/vpddecode.8.gz
[[email protected] ~]# biosde
biosdecode biosdevname
[[email protected] ~]# biosdecode
# biosdecode 2.11
SMBIOS 2.4 present.
Structure Table Length: 15950 bytes
Structure Table Address: 0x000E0010
Number Of Structures: 364
Maximum Structure Size: 98 bytes
BIOS32 Service Directory present.
Revision: 0
Calling Interface Address: 0x000FD780
ACPI 2.0 present.
OEM Identifier: PTLTD
RSD Table 32-bit Address: 0xBFEE3C7D
XSD Table 64-bit Address: 0x00000000BFEE3C21
PNP BIOS 1.0 present.
Event Notification: Not Supported
Real Mode 16-bit Code Address: F000:9675
Real Mode 16-bit Data Address: 0040:0000
16-bit Protected Mode Code Address: 0x000F9693
16-bit Protected Mode Data Address: 0x00000400
PCI Interrupt Routing 1.0 present.
Router ID: 00:07.0
Exclusive IRQs: None
Compatible Router: 8086:122e
Slot Entry 1: ID 00:0f, slot number 1
Slot Entry 2: ID 00:10, slot number 2
Slot Entry 3: ID 00:11, slot number 3
Slot Entry 4: ID 00:12, slot number 4
Slot Entry 5: ID 00:13, slot number 5
Slot Entry 6: ID 00:14, slot number 6
Slot Entry 7: ID 00:15, slot number 7
Slot Entry 8: ID 00:16, slot number 8
Slot Entry 9: ID 00:17, slot number 9
Slot Entry 10: ID 00:18, slot number 10
Slot Entry 11: ID 00:19, slot number 11
Slot Entry 12: ID 00:1a, slot number 12
Slot Entry 13: ID 00:1b, slot number 13
Slot Entry 14: ID 00:1c, slot number 14
Slot Entry 15: ID 00:1d, slot number 15
Slot Entry 16: ID 00:1e, slot number 16
Slot Entry 17: ID 00:1f, slot number 17
Slot Entry 18: ID 00:00, on-board
Slot Entry 19: ID 00:07, on-board
Slot Entry 20: ID 00:01, on-board
[[email protected] ~]#
DMI (Desktop Management Interface, DMI)就是帮助收集电脑系统信息的管理系统，DMI信息的收集必须在严格遵照SMBIOS规范的前提下进行。 SMBIOS(System Management BIOS)是主板或系统制造者以标准格式显示产品管理信息所需遵循的统一规范。SMBIOS和DMI是由行业指导机构Desktop Management Task Force (DMTF)起草的开放性的技术标准，其中DMI设计适用于任何的平台和操作系统。
DMI充当了管理工具和系统层之间接口的角色。它建立了标准的可管理系统更加方便了电脑厂商和用户对系统的了解。DMI的主要组成部分是Management Information Format (MIF)数据库。这个数据库包括了所有有关电脑系统和配件的信息。通过DMI，用户可以获取序列号、电脑厂商、串口信息以及其它系统配件信息。
dmidecode的输出格式一般如下：
Handle 0×0002
DMI type 2, 8 bytes
Base Board Information
Manufacturer:Intel
Product Name: C440GX+
Version: 727281-0001
Serial Number: INCY92700942
其中的前三行都称为记录头(recoce Header), 其中包括了：
recode id(handle): DMI表中的记录标识符，这是唯一的,比如上例中的Handle 0×0002。
dmi type id: 记录的类型，譬如说:BIOS，Memory，上例是type 2，即”Base Board Information”
recode size: DMI表中对应记录的大小，上例为8 bytes.（不包括文本信息，所有实际输出的内容比这个size要更大。）记录头之后就是记录的值
decoded values: 记录值可以是多行的，比如上例显示了主板的制造商(manufacturer)、model、version以及serial Number。
dmidecode的作用是将DMI数据库中的信息解码，以可读的文本方式显示。由于DMI信息可以人为修改，因此里面的信息不一定是系统准确的信息。
安装Dmidecode
Dmidecode 在主流的 Linux 发行版中都可以找到，只需通过所用发行版的包管理器安装即可，如：
apt-get install dmidecode
或者使用官方包安装：
Dmidecode源码包下载地址：http://download.savannah.GNU.org/releases/dmidecode/
Win版本下载地址：http://gnuwin32.sourceforge.net/packages/dmidecode.htm
不带选项执行 dmidecode 通常会输出所有的硬件信息。Dmidecode 有个很有用的选项 -t，可以按指定类型输出相关信息，假如要获得处理器方面的信息，则可以执行
dmidecode -t processor
dmidecode参数string及type列表
（1）Valid string keywords are:
bios-vendor
bios-version
bios-release-date
system-manufacturer
system-product-name
system-version
system-serial-number
system-uuid
baseboard-manufacturer
baseboard-product-name
baseboard-version
baseboard-serial-number
baseboard-asset-tag
chassis-manufacturer
chassis-type
chassis-version
chassis-serial-number
chassis-asset-tag
processor-family
processor-manufacturer
processor-version
processor-frequency
（2）Valid type keywords are:
bios
system
baseboard
chassis
processor
memory
Cache
connector
slot
（3）type全部编码列表
0 BIOS
1 System
2 Base Board
3 Chassis
4 Processor
5 Memory Controller
6 Memory Module
7 Cache
8 Port Connector
9 System Slots
10 On Board Devices
11 OEM Strings
12 System Configuration Options
13 BIOS Language
14 Group Associations
15 System Event Log
16 Physical Memory Array
17 Memory Device
18 32-bit Memory Error
19 Memory Array Mapped Address
20 Memory Device Mapped Address
21 Built-in Pointing Device
22 Portable Battery
23 System Reset
24 Hardware Security
25 System Power Controls
26 Voltage Probe
27 Cooling Device
28 Temperature Probe
29 Electrical Current Probe
30 Out-of-band Remote Access
31 Boot Integrity Services
32 System Boot
33 64-bit Memory Error
34 Management Device
35 Management Device Component
36 Management Device Threshold Data
37 Memory Channel
38 IPMI Device
39 Power Supply
40 Additional Information
41 Onboard Device
命令用法示例
查看服务器型号：dmidecode | grep ‘Product Name‘
查看主板的序列号：dmidecode |grep ‘Serial Number‘
查看系统序列号：dmidecode -s system-serial-number
查看内存信息：dmidecode -t memory
查看OEM信息：dmidecode -t 11
关于 Dmidecode 的更多用法，你可以通过指定 -h 选项查询。