原文: http://blog.csdn.net/totogo2010/article/details/7702207
iOS sqlite数据库操作。步骤是:
先加入sqlite开发库libsqlite3.dylib,
新建或打开数据库,
创建数据表,
插入数据,
查询数据并打印
1、新建项目sqliteDemo,添加使用sqlite的库libsqlite3.dylib
2、sqlite 的方法
sqlite3 *db, 数据库句柄,跟文件句柄FILE很类似
sqlite3_stmt *stmt, 这个相当于ODBC的Command对象,用于保存编译好的SQL语句
sqlite3_open(), 打开数据库,没有数据库时创建。
sqlite3_exec(), 执行非查询的sql语句
Sqlite3_step(), 在调用sqlite3_prepare后,使用这个函数在记录集中移动。
Sqlite3_close(), 关闭数据库文件
还有一系列的函数,用于从记录集字段中获取数据,如
sqlite3_column_text(), 取text类型的数据。
sqlite3_column_blob(),取blob类型的数据
sqlite3_column_int(), 取int类型的数据
3、获取沙盒目录,并创建或打开数据库。
viewController.h头文件添加一个成员变量,并包含头文件sqlite3.h
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- #import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
- #import <sqlite3.h>
- @interface ViewController : UIViewController
- {
- sqlite3 *db;
- }
- @end
在.m文件 定义宏,方面后面使用
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- #define DBNAME @"personinfo.sqlite"
- #define NAME @"name"
- #define AGE @"age"
- #define ADDRESS @"address"
- #define TABLENAME @"PERSONINFO"
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- NSArray *paths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);
- NSString *documents = [paths objectAtIndex:0];
- NSString *database_path = [documents stringByAppendingPathComponent:DBNAME];
- if (sqlite3_open([database_path UTF8String], &db) != SQLITE_OK) {
- sqlite3_close(db);
- NSLog(@"数据库打开失败");
- }
sqlite3_open,如果数据不存在,则创建。运行。这是在沙盒目录下能看到数据库文件(如何打开模拟器沙盒目录请参考:iOS学习之iOS沙盒(sandbox)机制和文件操作(一))
4、创建数据表
创建一个独立的执行sql语句的方法,传入sql语句,就执行sql语句
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- -(void)execSql:(NSString *)sql
- {
- char *err;
- if (sqlite3_exec(db, [sql UTF8String], NULL, NULL, &err) != SQLITE_OK) {
- sqlite3_close(db);
- NSLog(@"数据库操作数据失败!");
- }
- }
创建数据表PERSONINFO的语句
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- NSString *sqlCreateTable = @"CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS PERSONINFO (ID INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, name TEXT, age INTEGER, address TEXT)";
- [self execSql:sqlCreateTable];
运行程序,数据表创建了。怎么知道数据表创建了呢?我们用火狐的Sqlite Manager插件工具打开数据库文件看看。可以在火狐浏览器里安装这个插件。打开
四个字段都出现是表中了。
5、插入数据:
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- NSString *sql1 = [NSString stringWithFormat:
- @"INSERT INTO ‘%@‘ (‘%@‘, ‘%@‘, ‘%@‘) VALUES (‘%@‘, ‘%@‘, ‘%@‘)",
- TABLENAME, NAME, AGE, ADDRESS, @"张三", @"23", @"西城区"];
- NSString *sql2 = [NSString stringWithFormat:
- @"INSERT INTO ‘%@‘ (‘%@‘, ‘%@‘, ‘%@‘) VALUES (‘%@‘, ‘%@‘, ‘%@‘)",
- TABLENAME, NAME, AGE, ADDRESS, @"老六", @"20", @"东城区"];
- [self execSql:sql1];
- [self execSql:sql2];
运行程序,插入两条数据,用火狐的sqlite工具查看
6、查询数据库并打印数据
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- NSString *sqlQuery = @"SELECT * FROM PERSONINFO";
- sqlite3_stmt * statement;
- if (sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, [sqlQuery UTF8String], -1, &statement, nil) == SQLITE_OK) {
- while (sqlite3_step(statement) == SQLITE_ROW) {
- char *name = (char*)sqlite3_column_text(statement, 1);
- NSString *nsNameStr = [[NSString alloc]initWithUTF8String:name];
- int age = sqlite3_column_int(statement, 2);
- char *address = (char*)sqlite3_column_text(statement, 3);
- NSString *nsAddressStr = [[NSString alloc]initWithUTF8String:address];
- NSLog(@"name:%@ age:%d address:%@",nsNameStr,age, nsAddressStr);
- }
- }
- sqlite3_close(db);
打印结果:
[cpp] view plaincopy
- 2012-06-29 13:25:32.205 sqlitDemo[3587:f803] name:张三 age:23 address:西城区
- 2012-06-29 13:25:32.206 sqlitDemo[3587:f803] name:老六 age:20 address:东城区
最后关闭数据库。
附: 可以把数据库操作封装成一个类
创建一个类, 命名为DBManager
更新DBManager.h,如下所示
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h> #import <sqlite3.h> @interface DBManager : NSObject { NSString *databasePath; } +(DBManager*)getSharedInstance; -(BOOL)createDB; -(BOOL) saveData:(NSString*)registerNumber name:(NSString*)name department:(NSString*)department year:(NSString*)year; -(NSArray*) findByRegisterNumber:(NSString*)registerNumber; @end
7、更新DBManager.m,如下所示
#import "DBManager.h" static DBManager *sharedInstance = nil; static sqlite3 *database = nil; static sqlite3_stmt *statement = nil; @implementation DBManager +(DBManager*)getSharedInstance{ if (!sharedInstance) { sharedInstance = [[super allocWithZone:NULL]init]; [sharedInstance createDB]; } return sharedInstance; } -(BOOL)createDB{ NSString *docsDir; NSArray *dirPaths; // Get the documents directory dirPaths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains (NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES); docsDir = dirPaths[0]; // Build the path to the database file databasePath = [[NSString alloc] initWithString: [docsDir stringByAppendingPathComponent: @"student.db"]]; BOOL isSuccess = YES; NSFileManager *filemgr = [NSFileManager defaultManager]; if ([filemgr fileExistsAtPath: databasePath ] == NO) { const char *dbpath = [databasePath UTF8String]; if (sqlite3_open(dbpath, &database) == SQLITE_OK) { char *errMsg; const char *sql_stmt = "create table if not exists studentsDetail (regno integer primary key, name text, department text, year text)"; if (sqlite3_exec(database, sql_stmt, NULL, NULL, &errMsg) != SQLITE_OK) { isSuccess = NO; NSLog(@"Failed to create table"); } sqlite3_close(database); return isSuccess; } else { isSuccess = NO; NSLog(@"Failed to open/create database"); } } return isSuccess; } - (BOOL) saveData:(NSString*)registerNumber name:(NSString*)name department:(NSString*)department year:(NSString*)year; { const char *dbpath = [databasePath UTF8String]; if (sqlite3_open(dbpath, &database) == SQLITE_OK) { NSString *insertSQL = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"insert into studentsDetail (regno,name, department, year) values (\"%d\",\"%@\", \"%@\", \"%@\")",[registerNumber integerValue], name, department, year]; const char *insert_stmt = [insertSQL UTF8String]; sqlite3_prepare_v2(database, insert_stmt,-1, &statement, NULL); if (sqlite3_step(statement) == SQLITE_DONE) { return YES; } else { return NO; } sqlite3_reset(statement); } return NO; } - (NSArray*) findByRegisterNumber:(NSString*)registerNumber { const char *dbpath = [databasePath UTF8String]; if (sqlite3_open(dbpath, &database) == SQLITE_OK) { NSString *querySQL = [NSString stringWithFormat: @"select name, department, year from studentsDetail where regno=\"%@\"",registerNumber]; const char *query_stmt = [querySQL UTF8String]; NSMutableArray *resultArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc]init]; if (sqlite3_prepare_v2(database, query_stmt, -1, &statement, NULL) == SQLITE_OK) { if (sqlite3_step(statement) == SQLITE_ROW) { NSString *name = [[NSString alloc] initWithUTF8String: (const char *) sqlite3_column_text(statement, 0)]; [resultArray addObject:name]; NSString *department = [[NSString alloc] initWithUTF8String: (const char *) sqlite3_column_text(statement, 1)]; [resultArray addObject:department]; NSString *year = [[NSString alloc]initWithUTF8String: (const char *) sqlite3_column_text(statement, 2)]; [resultArray addObject:year]; return resultArray; } else{ NSLog(@"Not found"); return nil; } sqlite3_reset(statement); } } return nil; }
8、如图所示,更新ViewController.xib文件
9、为上述文本字段创建IBOutlets
10、为上述按钮创建IBAction
11、如下所示,更新ViewController.h
#import <UIKit/UIKit.h> #import "DBManager.h" @interface ViewController : UIViewController<UITextFieldDelegate> { IBOutlet UITextField *regNoTextField; IBOutlet UITextField *nameTextField; IBOutlet UITextField *departmentTextField; IBOutlet UITextField *yearTextField; IBOutlet UITextField *findByRegisterNumberTextField; IBOutlet UIScrollView *myScrollView; } -(IBAction)saveData:(id)sender; -(IBAction)findData:(id)sender; @end
12、更新ViewController.m,如下所示
#import "ViewController.h" @interface ViewController () @end @implementation ViewController - (id)initWithNibName:(NSString *)nibNameOrNil bundle:(NSBundle *) nibBundleOrNil { self = [super initWithNibName:nibNameOrNil bundle:nibBundleOrNil]; if (self) { // Custom initialization } return self; } - (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; // Do any additional setup after loading the view from its nib. } - (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning { [super didReceiveMemoryWarning]; // Dispose of any resources that can be recreated. } -(IBAction)saveData:(id)sender{ BOOL success = NO; NSString *alertString = @"Data Insertion failed"; if (regNoTextField.text.length>0 &&nameTextField.text.length>0 && departmentTextField.text.length>0 &&yearTextField.text.length>0 ) { success = [[DBManager getSharedInstance]saveData: regNoTextField.text name:nameTextField.text department: departmentTextField.text year:yearTextField.text]; } else{ alertString = @"Enter all fields"; } if (success == NO) { UIAlertView *alert = [[UIAlertView alloc]initWithTitle: alertString message:nil delegate:nil cancelButtonTitle:@"OK" otherButtonTitles:nil]; [alert show]; } } -(IBAction)findData:(id)sender{ NSArray *data = [[DBManager getSharedInstance]findByRegisterNumber: findByRegisterNumberTextField.text]; if (data == nil) { UIAlertView *alert = [[UIAlertView alloc]initWithTitle: @"Data not found" message:nil delegate:nil cancelButtonTitle: @"OK" otherButtonTitles:nil]; [alert show]; regNoTextField.text = @""; nameTextField.text [email protected]""; departmentTextField.text = @""; yearTextField.text [email protected]""; } else{ regNoTextField.text = findByRegisterNumberTextField.text; nameTextField.text =[data objectAtIndex:0]; departmentTextField.text = [data objectAtIndex:1]; yearTextField.text =[data objectAtIndex:2]; } } #pragma mark - Text field delegate -(void)textFieldDidBeginEditing:(UITextField *)textField{ [myScrollView setFrame:CGRectMake(10, 50, 300, 200)]; [myScrollView setContentSize:CGSizeMake(300, 350)]; } -(void)textFieldDidEndEditing:(UITextField *)textField{ [myScrollView setFrame:CGRectMake(10, 50, 300, 350)]; } -(BOOL) textFieldShouldReturn:(UITextField *)textField{ [textField resignFirstResponder]; return YES; } @end
输出
现在当我们运行应用程序时,我们就会获得下面的输出,我们可以在其中添加及查找学生的详细信息