1、实验目的与要求
(1) 掌握Java GUI中框架创建及属性设置中常用类的API;
(2) 掌握Java GUI中2D图形绘制常用类的API;
(3) 了解Java GUI中2D图形中字体与颜色的设置方法;
(4) 了解Java GUI中2D图像的载入方法。
2、实验内容和步骤
实验1: 导入第10章示例程序,测试程序并进行代码注释。
测试程序1:
l 运行下列程序,观察程序运行结果。
import javax.swing.*; public class SimpleFrameTest { public static void main(String[] args) { JFrame frame = new JFrame(); frame.setBounds(0, 0,300, 200); frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frame.setVisible(true); } } |
l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材407页程序10-1,结合程序运行结果理解程序;与上面程序对比,思考异同;
l 掌握空框架创建方法;
l 了解主线程与事件分派线程概念;
l 掌握GUI顶层窗口创建技术。
import java.awt.*; import javax.swing.*; /** * @version 1.33 2015-05-12 * @author Cay Horstmann */ public class SimpleFrameTest { public static void main(String[] args) { EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> { SimpleFrame frame = new SimpleFrame(); frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frame.setVisible(true); }); } } class SimpleFrame extends JFrame { private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300; private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200; public SimpleFrame() { setSize(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT); } }
测试程序2:
l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材412页程序10-2,结合程序运行结果理解程序;
l 掌握确定框架常用属性的设置方法。
import java.awt.*; import javax.swing.*; /** * @version 1.34 2015-06-16 * @author Cay Horstmann */ public class SizedFrameTest { public static void main(String[] args) { EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> { JFrame frame = new SizedFrame(); frame.setTitle("SizedFrame"); frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frame.setVisible(true); }); } } class SizedFrame extends JFrame { public SizedFrame() { // get screen dimensions Toolkit kit = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit(); Dimension screenSize = kit.getScreenSize(); int screenHeight = screenSize.height; int screenWidth = screenSize.width; // set frame width, height and let platform pick screen location setSize(screenWidth / 2, screenHeight / 2); setLocationByPlatform(true); // set frame icon Image img = new ImageIcon("icon.gif").getImage(); setIconImage(img); } }
测试程序3:
l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材418页程序10-3,结合运行结果理解程序;
l 掌握在框架中添加组件;
掌握自定义组件的用法。
package notHelloWorld; import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.*; /** * @version 1.33 2015-05-12 * @author Cay Horstmann */ public class NotHelloWorld { public static void main(String[] args) { EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> { JFrame frame = new NotHelloWorldFrame(); frame.setTitle("NotHelloWorld");//为框架设置名字 frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frame.setVisible(true);//设置框架的可见性 }); } } /** * A frame that contains a message panel */ class NotHelloWorldFrame extends JFrame { public NotHelloWorldFrame() { add(new NotHelloWorldComponent());//调用add方法 pack(); } } /** * A component that displays a message. */ class NotHelloWorldComponent extends JComponent { public static final int MESSAGE_X = 75; public static final int MESSAGE_Y = 100;//定义两个静态常量 private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300; private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200;//设置所要画的图在窗口中的位置 public void paintComponent(Graphics g) { g.drawString("Not a Hello, World program", MESSAGE_X, MESSAGE_Y);//文字helloworld是画上去的并非是一个文字形式。 } public Dimension getPreferredSize() { return new Dimension(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT); } }
测试程序4:
l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材424 -425页程序10-4,结合程序运行结果理解程序;
l 掌握2D图形的绘制方法。
package draw; import java.awt.*; import java.awt.geom.*; import javax.swing.*; /** * @version 1.33 2007-05-12 * @author Cay Horstmann */ public class DrawTest { public static void main(String[] args) { EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> { JFrame frame = new DrawFrame();//生成类对象 frame.setTitle("DrawTest");//为这个框架命名 frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frame.setVisible(true);//设置框架的可见性 }); } } /** * A frame that contains a panel with drawings */ class DrawFrame extends JFrame { public DrawFrame() { add(new DrawComponent()); pack(); } } /** * A component that displays rectangles and ellipses. */ class DrawComponent extends JComponent { private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 400; private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 400; public void paintComponent(Graphics g) { Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D) g; // 画一个矩形 double leftX = 100; double topY = 100; double width = 200; double height = 150; Rectangle2D rect = new Rectangle2D.Double(leftX, topY, width, height); g2.draw(rect); // 在矩形内画椭圆 Ellipse2D ellipse = new Ellipse2D.Double(); ellipse.setFrame(rect); g2.draw(ellipse); // 画一条对角线 g2.draw(new Line2D.Double(leftX, topY, leftX + width, topY + height)); // 用同一个中心画一个圆 double centerX = rect.getCenterX(); double centerY = rect.getCenterY(); double radius = 150; Ellipse2D circle = new Ellipse2D.Double(); circle.setFrameFromCenter(centerX, centerY, centerX + radius, centerY + radius); g2.draw(circle); } public Dimension getPreferredSize() { return new Dimension(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT); } }
测试程序5:
l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材432页-433程序10-5,结合程序运行结果理解程序;
l 了解2D图形中字体的设置的方法;
package font; import java.awt.*; import java.awt.font.*; import java.awt.geom.*; import javax.swing.*; /** * @version 1.34 2015-05-12 * @author Cay Horstmann */ public class FontTest { public static void main(String[] args) { EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> { JFrame frame = new FontFrame();//生成类对象 frame.setTitle("FontTest");//为框架设置一个名字 frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frame.setVisible(true);//设置框架的可见性 }); } } /** * A frame with a text message component */ class FontFrame extends JFrame//类的继承 { public FontFrame() { add(new FontComponent());//调用add方法 pack(); } } /** * A component that shows a centered message in a box. */ class FontComponent extends JComponent { private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300; private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200;//定义两个常量 public void paintComponent(Graphics g) { Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D) g; String message = "Hello, World!"; Font f = new Font("Serif", Font.BOLD, 36); g2.setFont(f); // 测量消息的大小 FontRenderContext context = g2.getFontRenderContext(); Rectangle2D bounds = f.getStringBounds(message, context); // 设置(x,y)=文本左上角 double x = (getWidth() - bounds.getWidth()) / 2; double y = (getHeight() - bounds.getHeight()) / 2; // 增加到Y到达基线 double ascent = -bounds.getY(); double baseY = y + ascent; // 汲取信息 g2.drawString(message, (int) x, (int) baseY); g2.setPaint(Color.LIGHT_GRAY); // 绘制基线 g2.draw(new Line2D.Double(x, baseY, x + bounds.getWidth(), baseY)); // 绘制封闭矩形 Rectangle2D rect = new Rectangle2D.Double(x, y, bounds.getWidth(), bounds.getHeight()); g2.draw(rect); } public Dimension getPreferredSize() { return new Dimension(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT); } }
测试程序6:
l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材436页-437程序10-6,结合程序运行结果理解程序;
l 了解2D图形图像的显示方法。
package image; import java.awt.*; import javax.swing.*; /** * @version 1.34 2015-05-12 * @author Cay Horstmann */ public class ImageTest { public static void main(String[] args) { EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> { JFrame frame = new ImageFrame(); frame.setTitle("ImageTest"); frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frame.setVisible(true); }); } } /** * A frame with an image component */ class ImageFrame extends JFrame { public ImageFrame() { add(new ImageComponent()); pack(); } } /** * A component that displays a tiled image */ class ImageComponent extends JComponent { private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 400; private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 400; private Image image; public ImageComponent() { image = new ImageIcon("C:\\blue-ball.gif").getImage();//在c:\目录下放一张目标图片,才能显示图片,并能关闭 } public void paintComponent(Graphics g) { if (image == null) return; int imageWidth = image.getWidth(null); int imageHeight = image.getHeight(null); // draw the image in the upper-left corner g.drawImage(image, 0, 0, null); // tile the image across the component for (int i = 0; i * imageWidth <= getWidth(); i++) for (int j = 0; j * imageHeight <= getHeight(); j++) if (i + j > 0) g.copyArea(0, 0, imageWidth, imageHeight, i * imageWidth, j * imageHeight); } public Dimension getPreferredSize() { return new Dimension(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT); } }
实验2:课后完成PTA平台题目集:2018秋季西北师范大学面向对象程序设计(Java)练习题集(ch6-ch9)
实验总结:本周所学内容比较有趣,学习了与图形用户界面设计有关的知识,主要是编写定义窗口大小和位置,在窗口中显示文本,显示图像等。但是这些都是最基础的,下一章的内容更加有趣,将学习如何让程序对用户的输入进行响应。期待下一章内容。
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/lcjcc/p/9977929.html