Fault:故障,可能导致系统或功能失效的异常条件
Error:错误,Error是能够导致系统出现Failure的系统内部状态。
Failure:失效,当一个系统不能执行所要求的功能时,即为Failure
找出一个错误的三个条件:reachability,infection,propagation
作业题:
问题:
1 Identify the fault.
2 If possible, identify a test case that does not execute the
fault. (Reachability)
3 If possible, identify a test case that executes the fault, but
does not result in an error state.
4 If possible identify a test case that results in an error, but
not a failure.
PROG1:
public int findLast (int[] x, int y) {
//Effects: If x==null throw
NullPointerException
// else return the index of the last element
// in x that equals y.
// If no such element exists, return -1
for (int i=x.length-1; i > 0; i--)
{
if (x[i] == y)
{
return i;
}
}
return -1;
}
// test: x=[2, 3, 5]; y = 2
// Expected = 0
Answer:
1 for 循环判断条件应为i>=0
2 数组为空,不执行For
3 数组为[1,2,3], y=2,执行了错误程序段,但没有产生错误
4 数组为[0,2,3], y=1,error
PROG2:
public static int lastZero (int[] x) {
//Effects: if x==null throw
NullPointerException
// else return the index of the LAST 0 in x.
// Return -1 if 0 does not occur in x
for (int i = 0; i < x.length; i++)
{
if (x[i] == 0)
{
return i;
}
} return -1;
}
// test: x=[0, 1, 0]
// Expected = 2
Answer:
1 查找的是数组中第一个0而不是最后一个,for (int i = x.length-1;i >=0;i--)
2 数组为空
3 数组中只含有一个0时 如x=[1,1,0]
4 不存在