二、
1、编译安装nginx
1）采用yum安装pcre：
yum install pcre pcre-devel -y
rpm -qa pcre pcre-devel
2)检测安装依赖包：
rpm -qa openssl openssl-devel
安装openssl openssl-devel：
yum install -y openssl openssl-devel
3)开始安装nginx：
mkdir -p /application/server
cd /application/server
wget -q http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz
ls -l nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz
useradd nginx -s /sbin/nologin -M
tar zxvf nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.6.3
./configure --user=nginx --group=nginx --prefix=/application/nginx-1.6.3/ --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module
make
make install
设置软链接：
ln -s /application/nginx-1.6.3 /application/nginx
ll /application | grep nginx
ls -l /application/nginx
可使用./configure --help查看相关参数帮助：
--prefix=PATH #设置安装路径
--user=USER #设置用户权限
--group=GROUP #设置用户组权限
--with-http_stub_status_module #设置状态信息
--with-http_ssl_module #激活SSL功能
检测配置文件语法：
/application/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
启动nginx命令：
/application/nginx/sbin/nginx
检测启动是否成功：
lsof -i :80
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
nginx 42008 root 6u IPv4 83250 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN)
nginx 42009 nginx 6u IPv4 83250 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN)
或
netstat -lnt | grep 80
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
或
wget -T 2 --tries=1 --spider 127.0.0.1
或
curl -s 127.0.0.1
curl -I 127.0.0.1
查看nginx编译参数：
[[email protected] nginx-1.6.3]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -V
nginx version: nginx/1.6.3
built by gcc 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-17) (GCC)
TLS SNI support enabled
configure arguments: --user=nginx --group=nginx --prefix=/application/nginx-1.6.3/ --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module
关闭selinux：
setenforce 0
getenforce
关闭防火墙：
service iptables stop
service iptables status （查看运行状态）
查看站点目录：
grep html /application/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
查看nginx目录结构：
tree /application/nginx
实时查看网站用户访问：
tail -f /application/nginx/logs/access.log
查看错误信息：
tail /application/nginx/logs/error.log
查看进程ID号：
tail /application/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
输出配置文件去掉#和空行的内容
egrep -v "#|^$" /application/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
基于域名和端口、IP的虚拟主机配置：
server {
listen 80;
server_name etiantian.org;
location / {
root html/www;
index index.html index.htm;
}
}
server {
listen 81;
server_name etiantian.org;
location / {
root html/bbs;
index index.html index.htm;
}
}
server {
listen 192.168.254.120:83;
server_name blog.etiantian.org;
location / {
root html/blog;
index index.html index.htm;
}
检测配置文件语法：
/application/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
重新加载配置文件：
/application/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
二）常用功能配置实战
优化规范配置文件：
cd /application/nginx/conf
mkdir extra
sed -n ‘10,17p‘ /application/nginx/conf/nginx.conf >extra/www.conf
sed -n ‘18,25p‘ /application/nginx/conf/nginx.conf >extra/bbs.conf
sed -n ‘26,33p‘ /application/nginx/conf/nginx.conf >extra/bbs.conf
sed -i ‘10,33d‘ nginx.conf #删除主配置文件里的虚拟主机配置
在nginx.conf里include加上虚拟主机配置：
[[email protected] conf]# cat nginx.conf
worker_processes 1;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
sendfile on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
include extra/www.conf;
include extra/bbs.conf;
include extra/blog.conf;
}
nginx虚拟主机别名设置：
server_name www.etiantian.org etiantian.org;
测试需要在host文件加上etiantian.org
配置nginx status：
vi /application/nginx/conf/extra/status.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name status.etiantian.org;
location / {
stub_status on;
access_log off
}
}
在nginx.conf文件加上：
include extra/status.conf;
#测试需要在host文件加上status.etiantian.org
配置错误日志：
error_log logs/error.log;
访问日志配置：
[[email protected] logs]# sed -n ‘21,23 s/#//gp‘ /application/nginx/conf/nginx.conf.default
log_format main ‘$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ‘
‘$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ‘
‘"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"‘;
把上述内容放到nginx.conf的http标签的首部，如下：
[[email protected] logs]# cat ../conf/nginx.conf
worker_processes 1;
error_log logs/error.log;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
log_format main ‘$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ‘
‘$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ‘
‘"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"‘;
sendfile on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
include extra/www.conf;
include extra/bbs.conf;
include extra/blog.conf;
include extra/status.conf;
}
然后在每个虚拟主机里进行配置，使其使用上述格式记录用户访问日志：
[[email protected] conf]# cat extra/www.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.etiantian.org etiantian.org;
location / {
root html/www;
index index.html index.htm;
}
access_log logs/access_www.log main; #配置访问记录
}
查看访问记录：
[[email protected] conf]# tail -5 /application/nginx/logs/access_www.log
192.168.254.31 - - [20/Jul/2016:22:36:47 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/4.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; InfoPath.2)" "-"
在记录日志参数中加上buffer和flush选项，可以在高并发场景下提高网站访问性能：
access_log logs/access_www.log main gzip buffer=32k flush=5s;
nginx访问认证：
在需要的虚拟主机server标签里增加
auth_basic #密码提示
auth_basic_user_file #用户密码存放文件
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.etiantian.org etiantian.org;
location / {
root html/www;
index index.html index.htm;
auth_basic "password is 123456"
auth_basic_uer_file /application/nginx/conf/htpasswd;
}
# access_log logs/access_www.log main;
access_log logs/access_www.log main gzip buffer=32k flush=5s;
}
yum install httpd -y
[[email protected] ~]# which htpasswd
/usr/bin/htpasswd
创建账号密码：
[[email protected] ~]# htpasswd -bc /application/nginx/conf/htpasswd long 123456
Adding password for user long
[[email protected] ~]# chmod 400 /application/nginx/conf/htpasswd
[[email protected] ~]# chown nginx /application/nginx/conf/htpasswd
[[email protected] ~]# cat /application/nginx/conf/htpasswd
long:RXW3skaY5c3rU #加密的
重新加载nginx是配置生效
/application/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
/application/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
配置找不到首页文件时，展示目录结构： outoindex on;（一般不要用，除非有需求）：
[[email protected] ~]# cat /application/nginx/conf/extra/blog.conf
server {
listen 192.168.254.120:83;
server_name blog.etiantian.org;
location / {
root html/blog;
index index.html index.htm;
# outoindex on;
}
access_log logs/access_blog.log main;
}
在配置文件设置allow、deny权限控制：
[[email protected] ~]# cat /application/nginx/conf/extra/blog.conf
server {
listen 192.168.254.120:83;
server_name blog.etiantian.org;
location / {
root html/blog;
index index.html index.htm;
# outoindex on;
allow 192.168.254.0/24;
deny all;
}
access_log logs/access_blog.log main;
}