利用Python脚本备份mysql数据库

近期利用空余时间学习了python的一些基础内容，用来实践，做了一个Mysql备份的脚本，按日备份并打包压缩；python比原来的shell只能运行在linux下面更广泛一些，而且后期扩展也更好。

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Functions:

1）按日备份数据库，并将备份文件压缩打包；

2）成功则将备份信息写入日志，失败则发邮件告警给管理员；

3）如果已经备份成功，不再重复备份；

4）稍作改动，可用于WINDOWS备份

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  1 #!/usr/bin/env python
  2 #_*_ coding:utf-8 _*_
  3 #!/usr/bin/env python
  4 #_*_ coding:utf-8 _*_
  5 #Backup with mysqldump everyday
  6 #Backup Mysql can use on windows or linux
  7 #But TAR Fuction can only use on linux because command different between windows and linux
  8 import time
  9 import datetime
 10 import os
 11 import conf
 12 import smtplib
 13 from email.mime.text import MIMEText
 14
 15 #返回任意一天
 16 class Day(object):
 17     @staticmethod
 18     def any_day(add_days):
 19         today = datetime.date.today()
 20         utl_add_day = str(today - datetime.timedelta(days=int(add_days)))
 21         return utl_add_day
 22
 23 class MysqlBackup(object):
 24     def __init__(self,**kargs):
 25         self.__host = kargs[‘host‘]
 26         self.__dbname = kargs[‘db‘]
 27         self.__username = kargs[‘user‘]
 28         self.__password = kargs[‘passwd‘]
 29         self.__port = kargs[‘port‘]
 30
 31 #mysqldump备份数据库
 32     def BakData(self,backup_file):
 33         cmd_bak=‘mysqldump -u ‘+self.__username+‘ -p‘+self.__password+‘ -h‘+self.__host +‘ ‘+self.__dbname+‘ --single-transaction ‘+‘ > ‘+backup_file
 34         outp = os.system(cmd_bak)
 35         return cmd_bak,outp
 36
 37 #Linux下用tar打包压缩备份文件
 38     def TarData(self,date):
 39         cmd_tar=‘tar zcf ‘+conf.backup_path+self.__dbname+‘_‘+date+‘.tar.gz ‘+‘-C ‘+conf.backup_path+self.__dbname+‘_‘+date+‘.dump >> /dev/null 2>&1‘
 40         outp = os.system(cmd_tar)
 41         return cmd_tar,outp
 42
 43     @property
 44     def dbname(self):
 45         return self.__dbname
 46
 47 class sendmail():
 48     def __init__(self, *args,**kargs):
 49         self.SMTPserver = kargs[‘address‘]
 50         self.sender = kargs[‘sender‘]
 51         self.password = kargs[‘password‘]
 52         self.destination = args[0]
 53
 54 #登录邮箱发送邮件
 55     def send(self,message):
 56         msg = MIMEText(message,_charset=‘utf-8‘)
 57         msg[‘Subject‘] = ‘Mysql Backup Failed‘
 58         msg[‘From‘] = self.sender
 59         msg[‘To‘] = self.destination
 60         mailserver = smtplib.SMTP(self.SMTPserver, 25)
 61         mailserver.login(self.sender, self.password)
 62         mailserver.sendmail(self.sender, [self.destination], msg.as_string())
 63         mailserver.quit()
 64         print ‘send email success‘
 65
 66 #主函数起始
 67 def main():
 68     DATA_DATE = Day.any_day(1)
 69     #发件人和收件人地址
 70     MAIL_USER_ADDRESS = sendmail(*conf.note_user,**conf.contact_user)
 71     #初始化需要备份的数据库类
 72     DB_BAK_INFO = MysqlBackup(**conf.conn_dict)
 73     backup_file = conf.backup_path+DB_BAK_INFO.dbname+‘_‘+DATA_DATE+‘.dump‘
 74     print backup_file
 75     log_file = conf.backup_path+DB_BAK_INFO.dbname+‘.log‘
 76     #MAIL_USER_ADDRESS.send(‘I send a message by Python. 你好‘)
 77
 78     #保存日志
 79     with open(log_file,‘a‘) as f:
 80         f.write(‘\n\n ***********************\n‘)
 81         f.write(‘ * ‘+time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",time.localtime())+‘ *\n‘)
 82         f.write(‘ ***********************\n‘)
 83         #不存在dump备份文件才备份
 84         if os.path.isfile(backup_file) is False:
 85             #备份
 86             cmd_result = DB_BAK_INFO.BakData(backup_file)
 87             print cmd_result
 88             f.write(‘** COMMAND     :‘+cmd_result[0]+‘\n‘)
 89             f.write(‘** DATABASE    : ‘+DB_BAK_INFO.dbname+‘\n‘)
 90             f.write(‘** DATA_DATE   : ‘+DATA_DATE+‘\n‘)
 91             f.write(‘** RESULT(BAK) : ‘+(‘succeed\n‘ if cmd_result[1] == 0 else ‘failed\n‘))
 92             #备份成功打包
 93             if cmd_result[1] == 0:
 94                 #打包
 95                 tar_result = DB_BAK_INFO.TarData(DATA_DATE)
 96                 f.write(‘** COMMAND     :‘+tar_result[0]+‘\n‘)
 97                 f.write(‘** RESULT(TAR) : ‘+(‘succeed‘ if tar_result[1] == 0 else ‘failed‘))
 98                 #打包成功删除备份文件
 99                 if tar_result[1] == 0:
100                     os.remove(backup_file)
101                 else:
102                     MAIL_USER_ADDRESS.send(‘Mysql备份打包失败，请核查！‘)
103             else:
104                 MAIL_USER_ADDRESS.send(‘Mysql数据库备份失败，请核查！‘)
105         else:
106             f.write(‘** RESULT(BAK) : ‘ +‘%s is already exists\n‘ %backup_file)
107
108 #程序入口
109 if __name__ == ‘__main__‘:
110     main()
111 #bakimeeting.bakData(‘backup_file‘)

配置文件conf.py如下：

1 #!/usr/bin/env python
2 #_*_ coding:utf-8 _*_
3 conn_dict = dict(host=‘127.0.0.1‘,user=‘root‘,passwd=‘12345‘,db=‘08day05‘,port = 33061)
4 contact_user = dict(address=‘smtp.163.com‘,sender=‘[email protected]‘,password=‘xxxxxx‘)
5 note_user = (‘[email protected]‘,)
6 backup_path = "D:/KuGou/"

后期优化

多线程提高性能，自动恢复