UpdatePanel可以用来创建丰富的局部更新Web应用程序,它是ASP.NET 2.0 AJAX Extensions中很重要的一个控件,其强大之处在于不用编写任何客户端脚本,只要在一个页面上添加几个UpdatePanel控件和一个ScriptManager控件就可以自动实现局部更新。通过本文来学习一下UpdatePanel其他的一些使用方法(第二篇)。
主要内容
1.用编程的方法控制UpdatePanel的更新
2.UpdatePanel的嵌套使用
3.同一页面上使用多个UpdatePanel
一.用编程的方法控制UpdatePanel的更新
对于UpdatePanel,我们也可以使用编程的方法来控制它的更新,可以通过ScriptManager的RegisterAsyncPostBackControl()方法注册一个异步提交的控件,并且调用UpdatePanel的Update()方法来让它更新。再次用我在前面的文章中用到的一个无聊的时间更新例子来看一下,有时候我觉得例子过于复杂更加不好说明白所要讲的内容,如下代码所示,注意Button1并不包含在UpdatePanel中:
<%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeFile="Default.aspx.cs" Inherits="_Default" %> <script runat="server"> void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { this.Label2.Text = DateTime.Now.ToString(); } </script> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head runat="server"> <title>Refreshing an UpdatePanel Programmatically</title> </head> <body> <form id="form1" runat="server"> <asp:ScriptManager ID="ScriptManager1" runat="server"/> <div> <asp:UpdatePanel ID="UpdatePanel1" runat="server" UpdateMode="Conditional"> <ContentTemplate> <asp:Label ID="Label1" runat="server" Text="更新时间:"></asp:Label> <asp:Label ID="Label2" runat="server" Text="Label" ForeColor="Red"></asp:Label><br/><br/> </ContentTemplate> </asp:UpdatePanel> <asp:Button ID="Button1" runat="server" Text="Button" OnClick = "Button1_Click"/> </div> </form> </body> </html>
这时候不用多说,肯定是整页提交了,运行如下图所示:
再次修改上面的例子,使用ScriptManager的RegisterAsyncPostBackControl()注册Button1为一个异步提交控件,并且调用UpdatePanel的Update()方法:
<%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeFile="Default.aspx.cs" Inherits="_Default" %> <script runat="server"> void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { ScriptManager1.RegisterAsyncPostBackControl(Button1); } void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { this.Label2.Text = DateTime.Now.ToString(); this.UpdatePanel1.Update(); } </script> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head runat="server"> <title>Refreshing an UpdatePanel Programmatically</title> </head> <body> <form id="form1" runat="server"> <asp:ScriptManager ID="ScriptManager1" runat="server"/> <div> <asp:UpdatePanel ID="UpdatePanel1" runat="server" UpdateMode="Conditional"> <ContentTemplate> <asp:Label ID="Label1" runat="server" Text="更新时间:"></asp:Label> <asp:Label ID="Label2" runat="server" Text="Label" ForeColor="Red"></asp:Label><br/><br/> </ContentTemplate> </asp:UpdatePanel> <asp:Button ID="Button1" runat="server" Text="Button" OnClick = "Button1_Click"/> </div> </form> </body> </html>
这时候可以看到,已经是异步提交了:
二. UpdatePanel的嵌套使用
UpdatePanel还可以嵌套使用,即在一个UpdatePanel的ContentTemplate中还可以放入另一个UpdatePanel。当最外面的UpdatePanel被触发更新时,它里面的子UpdatePanel也随着更新,里面的UpdatePanel触发更新时,只更新它自己,而不会更新外层的UpdatePanel。看下面的例子:
<%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeFile="Default2.aspx.cs" Inherits="Default2" %> <script runat="server"> </script> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head id="Head1" runat="server"> <title>UpdatePanelUpdateMode Example</title> <style type="text/css"> div.NestedPanel { position: relative; margin: 2% 5% 2% 5%; } </style> </head> <body> <form id="form1" runat="server"> <div> <asp:ScriptManager ID="ScriptManager" runat="server" /> <asp:UpdatePanel ID="OuterPanel" UpdateMode="Conditional" runat="server"> <ContentTemplate> <div> <fieldset> <legend>Outer Panel </legend> <br /> <asp:Button ID="OPButton1" Text="Outer Panel Button" runat="server" /> <br /> Last updated on <%= DateTime.Now.ToString() %> <br /> <br /> <asp:UpdatePanel ID="NestedPanel1" UpdateMode="Conditional" runat="server"> <ContentTemplate> <div class="NestedPanel"> <fieldset> <legend>Nested Panel 1</legend> <br /> Last updated on <%= DateTime.Now.ToString() %> <br /> <asp:Button ID="NPButton1" Text="Nested Panel 1 Button" runat="server" /> </fieldset> </div> </ContentTemplate> </asp:UpdatePanel> </fieldset> </div> </ContentTemplate> </asp:UpdatePanel> </div> </form> </body> </html>
运行后如下:
三.同一页面上使用多个UpdatePanel
使用UpdatePanel的时候并没有限制在一个页面上用多少个UpdatePanel,所以我们可以为不同的需要局部更新的页面区域加上不同的UpdatePanel。由于UpdatePanel默认的UpdateMode是Always,如果页面上有一个局部更新被触发,则所有的UpdatePanel都将更新,这是我们不愿看到的,我们只需要UpdatePanel在它自己的触发器触发的时候更新就可以了,所以需要把UpdateMode设置为Conditional。
来看一下官方网站上提供的一个例子:包括两个UpdatePanel,其中一个用来用户输入而另一个则用来显示数据,每一个UpdatePanel的UpdateMode属性都设置为Conditional。当我们单击Cancel按钮时,只有用来用户输入的那个UpdatePanel刷新,当单击Insert按钮时,两个UpdatePanel都刷新。代码如下:
<%@ Page Language="C#" %> <%@ Import Namespace="System.Collections.Generic" %> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" > <head id="Head1" runat="server"> <title>Enter New Employees</title> <script runat="server"> private List<Employee> EmployeeList; protected void Page_Load() { if (!IsPostBack) { EmployeeList = new List<Employee>(); EmployeeList.Add(new Employee(1, "Jump", "Dan")); EmployeeList.Add(new Employee(2, "Kirwan", "Yvette")); ViewState["EmployeeList"] = EmployeeList; } else EmployeeList = (List<Employee>)ViewState["EmployeeList"]; EmployeesGridView.DataSource = EmployeeList; EmployeesGridView.DataBind(); } protected void InsertButton_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(FirstNameTextBox.Text) || String.IsNullOrEmpty(LastNameTextBox.Text)) { return; } int employeeID = EmployeeList[EmployeeList.Count-1].EmployeeID + 1; string lastName = Server.HtmlEncode(FirstNameTextBox.Text); string firstName = Server.HtmlEncode(LastNameTextBox.Text); FirstNameTextBox.Text = String.Empty; LastNameTextBox.Text = String.Empty; EmployeeList.Add(new Employee(employeeID, lastName, firstName)); ViewState["EmployeeList"] = EmployeeList; EmployeesGridView.DataBind(); EmployeesGridView.PageIndex = EmployeesGridView.PageCount; } protected void CancelButton_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { FirstNameTextBox.Text = String.Empty; LastNameTextBox.Text = String.Empty; } [Serializable] public class Employee { private int _employeeID; private string _lastName; private string _firstName; public int EmployeeID { get { return _employeeID; } } public string LastName { get { return _lastName; } } public string FirstName { get { return _firstName; } } public Employee(int employeeID, string lastName, string firstName) { _employeeID = employeeID; _lastName = lastName; _firstName = firstName; } } </script> </head> <body> <form id="form1" runat="server"> <div> </div> <asp:ScriptManager ID="ScriptManager1" runat="server" EnablePartialRendering="true" /> <table> <tr> <td style="height: 206px" valign="top"> <asp:UpdatePanel ID="InsertEmployeeUpdatePanel" runat="server" UpdateMode="Conditional"> <ContentTemplate> <table cellpadding="2" border="0" style="background-color:#7C6F57"> <tr> <td><asp:Label ID="FirstNameLabel" runat="server" AssociatedControlID="FirstNameTextBox" Text="First Name" ForeColor="White" /></td> <td><asp:TextBox runat="server" ID="FirstNameTextBox" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td><asp:Label ID="LastNameLabel" runat="server" AssociatedControlID="LastNameTextBox" Text="Last Name" ForeColor="White" /></td> <td><asp:TextBox runat="server" ID="LastNameTextBox" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td> <asp:LinkButton ID="InsertButton" runat="server" Text="Insert" OnClick="InsertButton_Click" ForeColor="White" /> <asp:LinkButton ID="Cancelbutton" runat="server" Text="Cancel" OnClick="CancelButton_Click" ForeColor="White" /> </td> </tr> </table> <asp:Label runat="server" ID="InputTimeLabel"><%=DateTime.Now %></asp:Label> </ContentTemplate> </asp:UpdatePanel> </td> <td style="height: 206px" valign="top"> <asp:UpdatePanel ID="EmployeesUpdatePanel" runat="server" UpdateMode="Conditional"> <ContentTemplate> <asp:GridView ID="EmployeesGridView" runat="server" BackColor="LightGoldenrodYellow" BorderColor="Tan" BorderWidth="1px" CellPadding="2" ForeColor="Black" GridLines="None" AutoGenerateColumns="False"> <FooterStyle BackColor="Tan" /> <SelectedRowStyle BackColor="DarkSlateBlue" ForeColor="GhostWhite" /> <PagerStyle BackColor="PaleGoldenrod" ForeColor="DarkSlateBlue" HorizontalAlign="Center" /> <HeaderStyle BackColor="Tan" Font-Bold="True" /> <AlternatingRowStyle BackColor="PaleGoldenrod" /> <Columns> <asp:BoundField DataField="EmployeeID" HeaderText="Employee ID" /> <asp:BoundField DataField="LastName" HeaderText="Last Name" /> <asp:BoundField DataField="FirstName" HeaderText="First Name" /> </Columns> <PagerSettings PageButtonCount="5" /> </asp:GridView> <asp:Label runat="server" ID="ListTimeLabel"><%=DateTime.Now %></asp:Label> </ContentTemplate> <Triggers> <asp:AsyncPostBackTrigger ControlID="InsertButton" EventName="Click" /> </Triggers> </asp:UpdatePanel> </td> </tr> </table> </form> </body> </html>
运行后效果如下:
示例代码下载:http://files.cnblogs.com/Terrylee/ASPNETAJAXUpdatePanelDemo2.rar