一、简介
XPath 是一门在 XML 文档中查找信息的语言。XPath 可用来在 XML 文档中对元素和属性进行遍历。XPath 是 W3C XSLT 标准的主要元素,并且 XQuery 和 XPointer 都构建于 XPath 表达之上。
二、安装
pip3 install lxml
三、使用
1、导入
from lxml import etree
2、基本使用
from lxml import etree wb_data = """ <div> <ul> <li class="item-0"><a href="link1.html">first item</a></li> <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li> <li class="item-inactive"><a href="link3.html">third item</a></li> <li class="item-1"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li> <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a> </ul> </div> """ html = etree.HTML(wb_data) print(html) result = etree.tostring(html) print(result.decode("utf-8"))
从下面的结果来看,我们打印机html其实就是一个python对象,etree.tostring(html)则是不全里html的基本写法,补全了缺胳膊少腿的标签。
<Element html at 0x39e58f0> <html><body><div> <ul> <li class="item-0"><a href="link1.html">first item</a></li> <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li> <li class="item-inactive"><a href="link3.html">third item</a></li> <li class="item-1"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li> <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a> </li></ul> </div> </body></html>
3、获取某个标签的内容(基本使用),注意,获取a标签的所有内容,a后面就不用再加正斜杠,否则报错。
写法一
html = etree.HTML(wb_data) html_data = html.xpath(‘/html/body/div/ul/li/a‘) print(html) for i in html_data: print(i.text) <Element html at 0x12fe4b8> first item second item third item fourth item fifth item
写法二(直接在需要查找内容的标签后面加一个/text()就行)
html = etree.HTML(wb_data) html_data = html.xpath(‘/html/body/div/ul/li/a/text()‘) print(html) for i in html_data: print(i) <Element html at 0x138e4b8> first item second item third item fourth item fifth item
时间: 2024-10-09 23:12:17