用select实现的并发服务器，能达到的并发数，受两方面限制：
一个进程能打开的最大文件描述符限制。这可以通过调整内核参数。
select中的fd_set集合容量的限制（FD_SETSIZE） ，这需要重新编译内核。//这个不能通过调整内核参数来限制 FD_SETSIZE宏等于1024在一个头文件中设置 改变它需要重新编译内核。
ulinit -n来查询最大文件描述符 得到1024 可以通过sudo bash 换位root用户 ulimit -n 2048进行修改最大文件描述符 man getrlimit 其中三个被标准输入 标准输出 标准错误 监听套接字给占用 实际使用只有1020个文件描述符
poll函数没有FD_SETSIZE的限制（与select用法差不多）
q#include <poll.h>
qint poll(struct pollfd *fds, nfds_t nfds, int timeout);我们要关注的I/O与事件加入到第一个参数中即可 第二个I/O的个数 第三个参数是超时的时间
只受一个进程能打开的最大文件描述符限制。这可以通过调整内核参数。pollfd一个结构体内含有fd,events,return events.可通过man poll查询。
pollsrv.c
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <poll.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#define ERR_EXIT(m) \
do \
{ \
perror(m); \
exit(EXIT_FAILURE); \
} while(0)
ssize_t readn(int fd, void *buf, size_t count)
{
size_t nleft = count;
ssize_t nread;
char *bufp = (char*)buf;
while (nleft > 0)
{
if ((nread = read(fd, bufp, nleft)) < 0)
{
if (errno == EINTR)
continue;
return -1;
}
else if (nread == 0)
return count - nleft;
bufp += nread;
nleft -= nread;
}
return count;
}
ssize_t writen(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count)
{
size_t nleft = count;
ssize_t nwritten;
char *bufp = (char*)buf;
while (nleft > 0)
{
if ((nwritten = write(fd, bufp, nleft)) < 0)
{
if (errno == EINTR)
continue;
return -1;
}
else if (nwritten == 0)
continue;
bufp += nwritten;
nleft -= nwritten;
}
return count;
}
ssize_t recv_peek(int sockfd, void *buf, size_t len)
{
while (1)
{
int ret = recv(sockfd, buf, len, MSG_PEEK);
if (ret == -1 && errno == EINTR)
continue;
return ret;
}
}
ssize_t readline(int sockfd, void *buf, size_t maxline)
{
int ret;
int nread;
char *bufp = buf;
int nleft = maxline;
while (1)
{
ret = recv_peek(sockfd, bufp, nleft);
if (ret < 0)
return ret;
else if (ret == 0)
return ret;
nread = ret;
int i;
for (i=0; i<nread; i++)
{
if (bufp[i] == ‘\n‘)
{
ret = readn(sockfd, bufp, i+1);
if (ret != i+1)
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
return ret;
}
}
if (nread > nleft)
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
nleft -= nread;
ret = readn(sockfd, bufp, nread);
if (ret != nread)
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
bufp += nread;
}
return -1;
}
void echo_srv(int conn)
{
char recvbuf[1024];
while (1)
{
memset(recvbuf, 0, sizeof(recvbuf));
int ret = readline(conn, recvbuf, 1024);
if (ret == -1)
ERR_EXIT("readline");
if (ret == 0)
{
printf("client close\n");
break;
}
fputs(recvbuf, stdout);
writen(conn, recvbuf, strlen(recvbuf));
}
}
void handle_sigchld(int sig)
{
/* wait(NULL);*/
while (waitpid(-1, NULL, WNOHANG) > 0)
;
}
void handle_sigpipe(int sig)
{
printf("recv a sig=%d\n", sig);
}
int main(void)
{
int count = 0;
signal(SIGPIPE, handle_sigpipe);
signal(SIGCHLD, handle_sigchld);
int listenfd;
if ((listenfd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP)) < 0)
ERR_EXIT("socket");
struct sockaddr_in servaddr;
memset(&servaddr, 0, sizeof(servaddr));
servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
servaddr.sin_port = htons(5188);
servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
int on = 1;
if (setsockopt(listenfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &on, sizeof(on)) < 0)
ERR_EXIT("setsockopt");
if (bind(listenfd, (struct sockaddr*)&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr)) < 0)
ERR_EXIT("bind");
if (listen(listenfd, SOMAXCONN) < 0)
ERR_EXIT("listen");
struct sockaddr_in peeraddr;
socklen_t peerlen;
int conn;
int i;
struct pollfd client[2048];
int maxi = 0;
for (i=0; i<2048; i++)
client[i].fd = -1;
int nready;
client[0].fd = listenfd;
client[0].events = POLLIN;
while (1)
{
nready = poll(client, maxi+1, -1);
if (nready == -1)
{
if (errno == EINTR)
continue;
ERR_EXIT("select");
}
if (nready == 0)
continue;
if (client[0].revents & POLLIN)
{
peerlen = sizeof(peeraddr);
conn = accept(listenfd, (struct sockaddr*)&peeraddr, &peerlen);
if (conn == -1)
ERR_EXIT("accept");
for (i=0; i<2048; i++)
{
if (client[i].fd < 0)
{
client[i].fd = conn;
if (i > maxi)
maxi = i;
break;
}
}
if (i == 2048)
{
fprintf(stderr, "too many clients\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
printf("ip=%s port=%d\n", inet_ntoa(peeraddr.sin_addr), ntohs(peeraddr.sin_port));
printf("count = %d\n", ++count);
client[i].events = POLLIN;
if (--nready <= 0)
continue;
}
for (i=1; i<=maxi; i++)
{
conn = client[i].fd;
if (conn == -1)
continue;
if (client[i].events & POLLIN)
{
char recvbuf[1024] = {0};
int ret = readline(conn, recvbuf, 1024);
if (ret == -1)
ERR_EXIT("readline");
if (ret == 0)
{
printf("client close\n");
client[i].fd = -1;
close(conn);
}
fputs(recvbuf, stdout);
writen(conn, recvbuf, strlen(recvbuf));
if (--nready <= 0)
break;
}
}
}
return 0;
}
makefile:
.PHONY:clean all
CC=gcc
CFLAGS=-Wall -g
BIN= echocli conntest pollsrv
all:$(BIN)
%.o:%.c
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c $< -o [email protected]
clean:
rm -f *.o $(BIN)
echocli.c
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#define ERR_EXIT(m) \
do \
{ \
perror(m); \
exit(EXIT_FAILURE); \
} while(0)
ssize_t readn(int fd, void *buf, size_t count)
{
size_t nleft = count;
ssize_t nread;
char *bufp = (char*)buf;
while (nleft > 0)
{
if ((nread = read(fd, bufp, nleft)) < 0)
{
if (errno == EINTR)
continue;
return -1;
}
else if (nread == 0)
return count - nleft;
bufp += nread;
nleft -= nread;
}
return count;
}
ssize_t writen(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count)
{
size_t nleft = count;
ssize_t nwritten;
char *bufp = (char*)buf;
while (nleft > 0)
{
if ((nwritten = write(fd, bufp, nleft)) < 0)
{
if (errno == EINTR)
continue;
return -1;
}
else if (nwritten == 0)
continue;
bufp += nwritten;
nleft -= nwritten;
}
return count;
}
ssize_t recv_peek(int sockfd, void *buf, size_t len)
{
while (1)
{
int ret = recv(sockfd, buf, len, MSG_PEEK);
if (ret == -1 && errno == EINTR)
continue;
return ret;
}
}
ssize_t readline(int sockfd, void *buf, size_t maxline)
{
int ret;
int nread;
char *bufp = buf;
int nleft = maxline;
while (1)
{
ret = recv_peek(sockfd, bufp, nleft);
if (ret < 0)
return ret;
else if (ret == 0)
return ret;
nread = ret;
int i;
for (i=0; i<nread; i++)
{
if (bufp[i] == ‘\n‘)
{
ret = readn(sockfd, bufp, i+1);
if (ret != i+1)
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
return ret;
}
}
if (nread > nleft)
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
nleft -= nread;
ret = readn(sockfd, bufp, nread);
if (ret != nread)
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
bufp += nread;
}
return -1;
}
void echo_cli(int sock)
{
/*
char sendbuf[1024] = {0};
char recvbuf[1024] = {0};
while (fgets(sendbuf, sizeof(sendbuf), stdin) != NULL)
{
writen(sock, sendbuf, strlen(sendbuf));
int ret = readline(sock, recvbuf, sizeof(recvbuf));
if (ret == -1)
ERR_EXIT("readline");
else if (ret == 0)
{
printf("client close\n");
break;
}
fputs(recvbuf, stdout);
memset(sendbuf, 0, sizeof(sendbuf));
memset(recvbuf, 0, sizeof(recvbuf));
}
close(sock);
*/
fd_set rset;
FD_ZERO(&rset);
int nready;
int maxfd;
int fd_stdin = fileno(stdin);
if (fd_stdin > sock)
maxfd = fd_stdin;
else
maxfd = sock;
char sendbuf[1024] = {0};
char recvbuf[1024] = {0};
int stdineof = 0;
while (1)
{
if (stdineof == 0)
FD_SET(fd_stdin, &rset);
FD_SET(sock, &rset);
nready = select(maxfd+1, &rset, NULL, NULL, NULL);
if (nready == -1)
ERR_EXIT("select");
if (nready == 0)
continue;
if (FD_ISSET(sock, &rset))
{
int ret = readline(sock, recvbuf, sizeof(recvbuf));
if (ret == -1)
ERR_EXIT("readline");
else if (ret == 0)
{
printf("server close\n");
break;
}
fputs(recvbuf, stdout);
memset(recvbuf, 0, sizeof(recvbuf));
}
if (FD_ISSET(fd_stdin, &rset))
{
if (fgets(sendbuf, sizeof(sendbuf), stdin) == NULL)
{
stdineof = 1;
/*
close(sock);
sleep(5);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
*/
shutdown(sock, SHUT_WR);
}
else
{
writen(sock, sendbuf, strlen(sendbuf));
memset(sendbuf, 0, sizeof(sendbuf));
}
}
}
}
void handle_sigpipe(int sig)
{
printf("recv a sig=%d\n", sig);
}
int main(void)
{
/*
signal(SIGPIPE, handle_sigpipe);
*/
signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
int sock;
if ((sock = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP)) < 0)
ERR_EXIT("socket");
struct sockaddr_in servaddr;
memset(&servaddr, 0, sizeof(servaddr));
servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
servaddr.sin_port = htons(5188);
servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
if (connect(sock, (struct sockaddr*)&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr)) < 0)
ERR_EXIT("connect");
struct sockaddr_in localaddr;
socklen_t addrlen = sizeof(localaddr);
if (getsockname(sock, (struct sockaddr*)&localaddr, &addrlen) < 0)
ERR_EXIT("getsockname");
printf("ip=%s port=%d\n", inet_ntoa(localaddr.sin_addr), ntohs(localaddr.sin_port));
echo_cli(sock);
return 0;
}
conntest.c
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#define ERR_EXIT(m) \
do \
{ \
perror(m); \
exit(EXIT_FAILURE); \
} while(0)
int main(void)
{
int count = 0;
while(1)
{
int sock;
if ((sock = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP)) < 0)
{
sleep(4);
ERR_EXIT("socket");
}
struct sockaddr_in servaddr;
memset(&servaddr, 0, sizeof(servaddr));
servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
servaddr.sin_port = htons(5188);
servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
if (connect(sock, (struct sockaddr*)&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr)) < 0)
ERR_EXIT("connect");
struct sockaddr_in localaddr;
socklen_t addrlen = sizeof(localaddr);
if (getsockname(sock, (struct sockaddr*)&localaddr, &addrlen) < 0)
ERR_EXIT("getsockname");
printf("ip=%s port=%d\n", inet_ntoa(localaddr.sin_addr), ntohs(localaddr.sin_port));
printf("count = %d\n", ++count);
}
return 0;
}
select在并发中的两点限制与poll函数的使用