0x00 安全引言
1、传统Web应用与新兴移动应用
(1)传统Web应用:浏览器 HTTP 服务器
(2)新兴移动应用:APP HTTP 服务器
从安全角度看,传统Web应用与新兴移动应用没有本质区别
2、Web应用安全的核心问题是什么?
用户提交的数据不可信是Web应用程序核心安全问题
用户可以提交任意输入
例如:
√ 请求参数->多次提交或者不提交
√ 修改Cookie
√ 修改HTTP信息头
√ 请求顺序->跳过或者打乱
3、Web应用防御
(1)完善的异常处理
(2)监控
(3)日志:记录重要业务、异常的详细请求信息
4、对输入的处理
建议采用:白名单
尽量避免:净化或黑名单
0x01 SQL注入
1、原理:
(1)合法输入:
id=1 SELECT * FROM users WHRER id=‘1‘;
(2)恶意注入:
id=1‘ or ‘1‘=‘1 SELECT * FROM users WHRER id=‘1‘ or ‘a‘=‘a‘;
2、Java代码分析(JDBC)
(1)不合规代码(SQL参数拼接)
public class SQLInject { public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception{ //正常输入 select("1"); // 恶意输入 select("‘ or ‘a‘=‘a"); } public static void select(String id){ //声明Connection对象 Connection con; //驱动程序名 String driver = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"; //URL指向要访问的数据库名mydata String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis"; //MySQL配置时的用户名 String user = "root"; //MySQL配置时的密码 String password = "budi"; //遍历查询结果集 try { //加载驱动程序 Class.forName(driver); //1.getConnection()方法,连接MySQL数据库!! con = DriverManager.getConnection(url,user,password); if(!con.isClosed()) System.out.println("Succeeded connecting to the Database!"); //2.创建statement类对象,用来执行SQL语句!! Statement statement = con.createStatement(); //要执行的SQL语句 String sql = "select * from users where id=‘"+id+"‘"; //3.ResultSet类,用来存放获取的结果集!! ResultSet rs = statement.executeQuery(sql); System.out.println("-----------------"); System.out.println("执行结果如下所示:"); System.out.println("-----------------"); String age,name; while(rs.next()){ //获取stuname这列数据 name = rs.getString("name"); //获取stuid这列数据 age = rs.getString("age"); //输出结果 System.out.println(name + "\t" + age); } rs.close(); con.close(); } catch(ClassNotFoundException e) { //数据库驱动类异常处理 System.out.println("Sorry,can`t find the Driver!"); e.printStackTrace(); } catch(SQLException e) { //数据库连接失败异常处理 e.printStackTrace(); }catch (Exception e) { // TODO: handle exception e.printStackTrace(); }finally{ System.out.println("数据库数据成功获取!!"); } } }
执行结果:
SQL Paramter:1 ----------------- budi 27 ----------------- SQL Paramter:‘ or ‘a‘=‘a ----------------- budi 27 budisploit 28 -----------------
(2)合规代码(参数化查询)
public class SQLFormat { public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception{ select("1"); select("‘ or ‘a‘=‘a"); } public static void select(String id){ //声明Connection对象 Connection con; //驱动程序名 String driver = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"; //URL指向要访问的数据库名mydata String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis"; //MySQL配置时的用户名 String user = "root"; //MySQL配置时的密码 String password = "budi"; //遍历查询结果集 try { //加载驱动程序 Class.forName(driver); //1.getConnection()方法,连接MySQL数据库!! con = DriverManager.getConnection(url,user,password); if(!con.isClosed()) System.out.println("Succeeded connecting to the Database!"); //2.//要执行的SQL语句 String sql = "select * from users where id=?"; //3.创建statement类对象,ResultSet类,用来存放获取的结果集!! PreparedStatement stmt = con.prepareStatement(sql); stmt.setString(1, id); ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(); System.out.println("-----------------"); System.out.println("执行结果如下所示:"); System.out.println("-----------------"); String age,name; while(rs.next()){ //获取stuname这列数据 name = rs.getString("name"); //获取stuid这列数据 age = rs.getString("age"); //输出结果 System.out.println(name + "\t" + age); } rs.close(); con.close(); } catch(ClassNotFoundException e) { //数据库驱动类异常处理 System.out.println("Sorry,can`t find the Driver!"); e.printStackTrace(); } catch(SQLException e) { //数据库连接失败异常处理 e.printStackTrace(); }catch (Exception e) { // TODO: handle exception e.printStackTrace(); }finally{ System.out.println("数据库数据成功获取!!"); } } }
执行结果:
SQL Paramter:1 ----------------- budi 27 ----------------- SQL Paramter:‘ or ‘a‘=‘a ----------------- -----------------
3、防范建议:
√ 采用参数查询即预编译方式(首选)
√ 字符串过滤
0x02 XML注入
1、原理
(1)合法输入:
quantity=1 <item> <name>apple</name> <price>500.0</price> <quantity>1</quantity> <item>
(2)恶意输入:
quantity=1</quantity><price>5.0</price><quantity>1 <item> <name>apple</name> <price>500.0</price> <quantity>1</quantity><price>5.0</price><quantity>1</quantity> <item>
2、Java代码分析
(1)不合规代码(未进行安全检查)
public class XMLInject2 { public static void main(String[] args) { // 正常输入 ArrayList<Map<String, String>> normalList=(ArrayList<Map<String, String>>) ReadXML("D:\\JavaWorkspace\\TestInput\\src\\cn\\com\\budi\\xml\\inject\\normal.xml","price"); System.out.println(normalList.toString()); // 异常输入 ArrayList<Map<String, String>> evilList=(ArrayList<Map<String, String>>) ReadXML("D:\\JavaWorkspace\\TestInput\\src\\cn\\com\\budi\\xml\\inject\\evil.xml","price"); System.out.println(evilList.toString()); } private static List<Map<String,String>> ReadXML(String uri,String NodeName){ try { //创建一个解析XML的工厂对象 SAXParserFactory parserFactory=SAXParserFactory.newInstance(); //创建一个解析XML的对象 SAXParser parser=parserFactory.newSAXParser(); //创建一个解析助手类 MyHandler myhandler=new MyHandler(NodeName); parser.parse(uri, myhandler); return myhandler.getList(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return null; } }
运行结果:
正常输入结果:[{price=500.0}] 恶意输入结果:[{price=500.0}, {price=5.0}]
(2)合规代码(利用schema安全检查)
<xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"> <xs:element name="item"> <xs:complexType> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="name" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name="price" type="xs:decimal"/> <xs:element name="quantity" type="xs:integer"/> </xs:sequence> </xs:complexType> </xs:element>
测试代码
public class XMLFormat{ public static void main(String[] args) { //测试正常输入 test("D:\\JavaWorkspace\\TestInput\\src\\cn\\com\\budi\\xml\\inject\\normal.xml"); //测试异常输入 test("D:\\JavaWorkspace\\TestInput\\src\\cn\\com\\budi\\xml\\inject\\evil.xml"); } private static void test(String file) { SchemaFactory schemaFactory = SchemaFactory .newInstance("XMLConstants.W3C_XML_SCHEMA_NS_URI"); Schema schema; try { schema = schemaFactory.newSchema(new File("D:\\JavaWorkspace\\TestInput\\src\\cn\\com\\budi\\xml\\inject\\schema.xsd")); Validator validator = schema.newValidator(); validator.setErrorHandler(new ErrorHandler() { public void warning(SAXParseException exception) throws SAXException { System.out.println("警告:" + exception); } public void fatalError(SAXParseException exception) throws SAXException { System.out.println("致命:" + exception); } public void error(SAXParseException exception) throws SAXException { System.out.println("错误:" + exception); } }); validator.validate(new StreamSource(new File(file))); System.out.println("解析正常");; } catch (SAXException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block //e.printStackTrace(); System.out.println("解析异常"); } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block //e.printStackTrace(); System.out.println("解析异常"); } } }
运行结果:
正常输入........ 解析正常 恶意输入........ 错误:org.xml.sax.SAXParseException; systemId: file:/D:/JavaWorkspace/TestInput/src/cn/com/budi/xml/inject/evil.xml; lineNumber: 7; columnNumber: 10; cvc-complex-type.2.4.d: 发现了以元素 ‘price‘ 开头的无效内容。此处不应含有子元素。
3、防范建议:
√ 文档类型定义(Document Type Definition,DTD)
√ XML结构化定义文件(XML Schemas Definition)
√ 白名单
0x03 XXE (XML external entity)
1、原理:
(1)合法输入:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE updateProfile [<!ENTITY lastname "Hello, Budi!"> <!ENTITY file SYSTEM "file:///D:/test.txt">]> <users > <firstname>&file</firstname> <lastname>&lastname;</lastname> </users>
(2)恶意输入:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE updateProfile [<!ENTITY file SYSTEM "file:///D:/password.txt"> ]> <users > <firstname>&file;</firstname> <lastname>&lastname;</lastname> </users>
2、Java代码分析
(1)不合规代码(未安全检查外部实体)
public class XXEInject { private static void receiveXMLStream(InputStream inStream, MyDefaultHandler defaultHandler) { // 1.获取基于SAX的解析器的实例 SAXParserFactory factory = SAXParserFactory.newInstance(); // 2.创建一个SAXParser实例 SAXParser saxParser = factory.newSAXParser(); // 3.解析 saxParser.parse(inStream, defaultHandler); } public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException, ParserConfigurationException, SAXException, IOException{ //正常输入 receiveXMLStream(new FileInputStream("D:\\JavaWorkspace\\TestInput\\src\\cn\\com\\budi\\xml\\xxe\\inject\\normal.xml"), new MyDefaultHandler()); //恶意输入 receiveXMLStream(new FileInputStream("D:\\JavaWorkspace\\TestInput\\src\\cn\\com\\budi\\xml\\xxe\\inject\\evil.xml"), new MyDefaultHandler()); } }
运行结果:
正常输入,等待解析...... <firstname>XEE TEST !!</firstname> ========================== 恶意输入,等待解析...... <firstname>OWASP BWA root/owaspbwa Metasploitable msfadmin/msfadmin Kali Liunx root/wangpeng </firstname>
(2)合规代码(安全检查外部实体)
public class CustomResolver implements EntityResolver{ public InputSource resolveEntity(String publicId, String systemId) throws SAXException, IOException{ //System.out.println("PUBLIC:"+publicId); //System.out.println("SYSTEM:"+systemId); System.out.println("引用实体检测...."); String entityPath = "file:///D:/test.txt"; if (systemId.equals(entityPath)){ System.out.println("合法解析:"+systemId); return new InputSource(entityPath); }else{ System.out.println("非法实体:"+systemId); return new InputSource(); } } }
测试代码
public class XXEFormat { private static void receiveXMLStream(InputStream inStream, MyDefaultHandler defaultHandler) { // 获取基于SAX的解析器的实例 SAXParserFactory factory = SAXParserFactory.newInstance(); // 创建一个SAXParser实例 SAXParser saxParser; try { saxParser = factory.newSAXParser(); //创建读取工具 XMLReader reader = saxParser.getXMLReader(); reader.setEntityResolver(new CustomResolver()); reader.setErrorHandler(defaultHandler); InputSource is = new InputSource(inStream); reader.parse(is); System.out.println("\t成功解析完成!"); } catch (ParserConfigurationException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block System.out.println("\t非法解析!"); } catch (SAXException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block System.out.println("\t非法解析!"); } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block System.out.println("\t非法解析!"); } } public static void main(String[] args) throws ParserConfigurationException, SAXException, IOException{ //正常输入 System.out.println("正常输入,等待解析......"); receiveXMLStream(new FileInputStream("D:\\JavaWorkspace\\TestInput\\src\\cn\\com\\budi\\xml\\xxe\\inject\\normal.xml"), new MyDefaultHandler()); System.out.println("=========================="); //恶意输入 System.out.println("恶意输入,等待解析......"); receiveXMLStream(new FileInputStream("D:\\JavaWorkspace\\TestInput\\src\\cn\\com\\budi\\xml\\xxe\\inject\\evil.xml"), new MyDefaultHandler()); } }
运行结果:
正常输入,等待解析...... 引用实体检测.... 合法解析:file:///D:/test.txt 成功解析完成! ========================== 恶意输入,等待解析...... 引用实体检测.... 非法实体:file:///D:/password.txt 非法解析!
3、防范建议:
√ 白名单
0x04命令注入
1、原理:
(1)正常输入:
dir
(2)恶意输入:
dir & ipconfig & net user budi budi /add & net localgroup Administrators admin /add
2、Java代码分析
(1)非合规Window命令注入
public class OrderWinFault { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{ //正常命令 runOrder("dir"); //恶意命令 runOrder("dir & ipconfig & net user budi budi /add & net localgroup Administrators admin /add"); } private static void runOrder(String order) throws IOException, InterruptedException{ Runtime rt = Runtime.getRuntime(); Process proc = rt.exec("cmd.exe /C "+order); int result = proc.waitFor(); if(result !=0){ System.out.println("process error: "+ result); } InputStream in = (result == 0)? proc.getInputStream() : proc.getErrorStream(); BufferedReader reader=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in)); StringBuffer buffer=new StringBuffer(); String line; while((line = reader.readLine())!=null){ buffer.append(line+"\n"); } System.out.print(buffer.toString()); } }
(2)非合规的Linux注入命令
public class OrderLinuxFault { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{ // 正常命令 runOrder("ls"); // 恶意命令 runOrder(" ls & ifconfig"); } private static void runOrder(String order) throws IOException, InterruptedException{ Runtime rt = Runtime.getRuntime(); Process proc = rt.exec(new String [] {"sh", "-c", "ls "+order}); int result = proc.waitFor(); if(result !=0){ System.out.println("process error: "+ result); } InputStream in = (result == 0)? proc.getInputStream() : proc.getErrorStream(); BufferedReader reader=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in)); StringBuffer buffer=new StringBuffer(); String line; while((line = reader.readLine())!=null){ buffer.append(line+"\n"); } System.out.print(buffer.toString()); } }
(3)合规编码(对命令安全检查)
public class OrderFormat { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{ runOrder("dir"); runOrder("dir & ipconfig & net user budi budi /add & net localgroup Administrators admin /add"); } private static void runOrder(String order) throws IOException, InterruptedException{ if (!Pattern.matches("[[email protected]]+", order)){ System.out.println("存在非法命令"); return; } Runtime rt = Runtime.getRuntime(); Process proc = rt.exec("cmd.exe /C "+order); int result = proc.waitFor(); if(result !=0){ System.out.println("process error: "+ result); } InputStream in = (result == 0)? proc.getInputStream() : proc.getErrorStream(); BufferedReader reader=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in)); StringBuffer buffer=new StringBuffer(); String line; while((line = reader.readLine())!=null){ buffer.append(line+"\n"); } System.out.print(buffer.toString()); } }
3、防范建议:
√ 白名单
√ 严格权限限制
√ 采用命令标号
0x05 压缩炸弹(zip bomb)
(1)合法输入:
普通压缩比文件normal.zip
(2)恶意输入:
高压缩比文件evil.zip
2、Java代码分析
public class ZipFault { static final int BUFFER = 512; public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException{ System.out.println("正常压缩文件......."); checkzip("D:\\JavaWorkspace\\TestInput\\src\\cn\\com\\budi\\zip\\normal.zip"); System.out.println("恶意压缩文件......."); checkzip("D:\\JavaWorkspace\\TestInput\\src\\cn\\com\\budi\\zip\\evil.zip"); } private static void checkzip(String filename) throws IOException{ BufferedOutputStream dest = null; FileInputStream fls = new FileInputStream(filename); ZipInputStream zis = new ZipInputStream(new BufferedInputStream(fls)); ZipEntry entry; long begin = System.currentTimeMillis(); while ((entry = zis.getNextEntry()) != null){ System.out.println("Extracting:" + entry+"\t解压后大小:"+entry.getSize()); int count; byte data[] = new byte[BUFFER]; FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("D:/"+entry.getName()); dest = new BufferedOutputStream(fos, BUFFER); while ((count = zis.read(data, 0, BUFFER))!=-1){ dest.write(data,0, count); } dest.flush(); dest.close(); } zis.close(); long end = System.currentTimeMillis(); System.out.println("解压缩执行耗时:" + (end - begin) + " 豪秒"); } }
运行结果:
正常压缩文件....... Extracting:normal.txt 解压后大小:17496386 解压缩执行耗时:382 豪秒 恶意压缩文件....... Extracting:evil.txt 解压后大小:2000000000 解压缩执行耗时:25911 豪秒
(2)合规代码
public class ZipFormat { static final int BUFFER = 512; static final int TOOBIG = 0x640000; public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException{ checkzip("D:\\JavaWorkspace\\TestInput\\src\\cn\\com\\budi\\zip\\normal.zip"); checkzip("D:\\JavaWorkspace\\TestInput\\src\\cn\\com\\budi\\zip\\evil.zip"); } private static void checkzip(String filename) throws IOException{ BufferedOutputStream dest = null; FileInputStream fls = new FileInputStream(filename); ZipInputStream zis = new ZipInputStream(new BufferedInputStream(fls)); ZipEntry entry; long begin = System.currentTimeMillis(); while ((entry = zis.getNextEntry()) != null){ System.out.println("Extracting:" + entry+"\t解压后大小:"+entry.getSize()); if (entry.getSize() > TOOBIG){ System.out.println("压缩文件过大"); break; } if (entry.getSize() == -1){ System.out.println("文件大小异常"); } int count; byte data[] = new byte[BUFFER]; FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("D:/"+entry.getName()); dest = new BufferedOutputStream(fos, BUFFER); while ((count = zis.read(data, 0, BUFFER))!=-1){ dest.write(data,0, count); } dest.flush(); dest.close(); } zis.close(); long end = System.currentTimeMillis(); System.out.println("解压缩执行耗时:" + (end - begin) + " 豪秒"); } }
运行结果:
正常文件......... Extracting:normal.txt 解压后大小:17496386 解压缩执行耗时:378 豪秒 =================== 恶意文件......... Extracting:evil.txt 解压后大小:2000000000 压缩文件过大 解压缩执行耗时:0 豪秒
3、防范建议:
√ 解压前检查解压后文件大小
0x06 正则表达式注入
1、原理:
(1)合法输入
search=error
拼接后
(.*? +public\\[\\d+\\]+.*error.*)
(2)恶意输入
search=.*)|(.*
拼接后
(.*? +public\\[\\d+\\]+.*.*)|(.*.*)
2、Java代码分析
(1)非合规代码(未进行安全检查)
public class RegexFault { /** * 以行为单位读取文件,常用于读面向行的格式化文件 */ public static void readFileByLines(String filename,String search) { File file = new File(filename); BufferedReader reader = null; String regex ="(.*? +public\\[\\d+\\] +.*"+search+".*)"; System.out.println("正则表达式:"+regex); try { reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(file)); String tempString = null; int line = 1; System.out.println("查找开始......"); // 一次读入一行,直到读入null为文件结束 while ((tempString = reader.readLine()) != null) { //System.out.println("line " + line + ": " + tempString); if(Pattern.matches(regex, tempString)){ // 显示行号 System.out.println("line " + line + ": " + tempString); } line++; } reader.close(); System.out.println("查找结束...."); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (reader != null) { try { reader.close(); } catch (IOException e1) { } } } } public static void main(String[] args){ //正常输入 readFileByLines("D:\\JavaWorkspace\\TestInput\\src\\cn\\com\\budi\\regex\\regex.log","error"); //恶意输入 readFileByLines("D:\\JavaWorkspace\\TestInput\\src\\cn\\com\\budi\\regex\\regex.log",".*)|(.*"); } }
运行结果:
正常输入...... 正则表达式:(.*? +public\[\d+\] +.*error.*) line 5: 10:48:08 public[48964] Backup failed with error: 19 ============================ 恶意输入...... 正则表达式:(.*? +public\[\d+\] +.*.*)|(.*.*) line 1: 10:47:03 private[423] Successful logout name: budi ssn: 111223333 line 2: 10:47:04 public[48964] Failed to resolve network service line 3: 10:47:04 public[1] (public.message[49367]) Exited with exit code: 255 line 4: 10:47:43 private[423] Successful login name: budisploit ssn: 444556666 line 5: 10:48:08 public[48964] Backup failed with error: 19
(2)合规代码(进行安全检查)
public class RegexFormat { /** * 检测是否存在非法字符 * @param search */ private static boolean validate(String search){ for (int i = 0; i< search.length(); i++){ char ch = search.charAt(i); if(!(Character.isLetterOrDigit(ch) || ch ==‘ ‘ || ch ==‘\‘‘)){ System.out.println("存在非法字符,查找失败...."); return false; } } return true; } /** * 以行为单位读取文件,常用于读面向行的格式化文件 */ public static void readFileByLines(String filename,String search) { if(!validate(search)){ return; } File file = new File(filename); BufferedReader reader = null; String regex ="(.*? +public\\[\\d+\\] +.*"+search+".*)"; System.out.println("正则表达式:"+regex); try { reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(file)); String tempString = null; int line = 1; System.out.println("查找开始......"); // 一次读入一行,直到读入null为文件结束 while ((tempString = reader.readLine()) != null) { //System.out.println("line " + line + ": " + tempString); if(Pattern.matches(regex, tempString)){ // 显示行号 System.out.println("line " + line + ": " + tempString); } line++; } reader.close(); System.out.println("查找结束...."); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (reader != null) { try { reader.close(); } catch (IOException e1) { } } } } public static void main(String[] args){ //正常输入 System.out.println("正常输入......"); readFileByLines("D:\\JavaWorkspace\\TestInput\\src\\cn\\com\\budi\\regex\\regex.log","error"); System.out.println("============================"); //恶意输入 System.out.println("恶意输入......"); readFileByLines("D:\\JavaWorkspace\\TestInput\\src\\cn\\com\\budi\\regex\\regex.log",".*)|(.*"); } }
运行结果:
============================ 正常输入...... 正则表达式:(.*? +public\[\d+\] +.*error.*) line 5: 10:48:08 public[48964] Backup failed with error: 19 ============================ 恶意输入...... 存在非法字符,查找失败....
3、防范建议:
√ 白名单
0x07 未净化输入
(1)日志记录
正常输入:
budi
日志记录:
User Login Successed for: budi
恶意输入:
budi \nUser Login Successed for: administrator
日志记录:
User Login Failed for: budi User Login Successed for: administrator
(2)更新用户名
正常输入:
username=budi
SQL查询:
SELECT * FROM users WHRER id=‘budi‘;
恶意输入:
username=budi‘ or ‘a‘=‘a
SQL查询:
SELECT * FROM users WHRER id=‘budi‘ or ‘a‘=‘a‘;
2、Java代码分析
(1)非合规代码(未安全检查)
public class LogFault { private static void writeLog( boolean isLogin,String username){ if(isLogin){ System.out.println("User Login Successed for: "+username); }else{ System.out.println("User Login Failed for: "+username); } } public static void main(String[] args){ String test1= "budi"; System.out.println("正常用户登录成功后,记录日志....."); //正常用户登录成功后,记录日志 writeLog(true, test1); //恶意用户登录失败,记录日志 String test2 = "budi \nUser Login Successed for: administrator"; System.out.println("恶意用户登录失败,记录日志....."); writeLog(false, test2); } }
运行结果:
正常用户登录成功后,记录日志..... User Login Successed for: budi 恶意用户登录失败,记录日志..... User Login Failed for: budi User Login Successed for: administrator
(2)合规代码(安全检查)
public class LoginFormat { private static void writeLog( boolean isLogin,String username){ if(!Pattern.matches("[A-Za-z0-9_]+", username)){ System.out.println("User Login Failed for Unknow User"); }else if(isLogin){ System.out.println("User Login Successed for: "+username); }else{ System.out.println("User Login Failed for: "+username); } } public static void main(String[] args){ String test1= "budi"; System.out.println("正常用户登录成功后,记录日志....."); writeLog(true, test1); String test2 = "budi \nUser Login Successed for: administrator"; System.out.println("恶意用户登录失败,记录日志....."); writeLog(false, test2); } }
运行结果:
正常用户登录成功后,记录日志..... User Login Successed for: budi 恶意用户登录失败,记录日志..... User Login Failed for Unknow User
3、防范建议:
√ 先检测用户输入,强烈建议直接拒绝带非法字符的数据
0x08 路径遍历
1、原理:
(1)正常输入:
john.txt
(2)恶意输入:
../../a.txt"
2、Java代码分析
(1)非合规代码(未安全检查)
public class PathFault { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException{ System.out.println("合法输入......."); readFile("john.txt"); System.out.println("\n恶意输入......."); readFile("../../a.txt"); } private static void readFile(String path) throws IOException{ File f = new File("F://passwords//"+path); String absPath = f.getAbsolutePath(); FileOutputStream fls = new FileOutputStream(f); System.out.print("绝对路径:"+absPath); if(!isInSecureDir(Paths.get(absPath))){ System.out.println("->非安全路径"); return; } System.out.print("->安全路径"); } private static boolean isInSecureDir(Path path){ if(!path.startsWith("F://passwords//")){ return false; }; return true; } }
运行结果:
合法输入....... 绝对路径:F:\passwords\john.txt->安全路径 恶意输入....... 绝对路径:F:\passwords\..\..\a.txt->安全路径
(2)合规代码(先统一路径表示)
public class PathFormat { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException{ System.out.println("合法输入......."); readFile("john.txt"); System.out.println("/n恶意输入......."); readFile("../../a.txt"); } private static void readFile(String path) throws IOException{ File f = new File("F://passwords//"+path); String canonicalPath = f.getCanonicalPath(); System.out.println("绝对路径"+canonicalPath); FileInputStream fls = new FileInputStream(f); if(!isInSecureDir(Paths.get(canonicalPath))){ System.out.print("非安全路径"); return; } System.out.print("安全路径"); } private static boolean isInSecureDir(Path path){ if(!path.startsWith("F://passwords//")){ return false; }; return true; } }
运行结果:
合法输入....... 绝对路径F:\passwords\john.txt->安全路径 恶意输入....... 绝对路径F:\a.txt->非安全路径
3、防范建议
√ 严格的权限限制->安全管理器
√ getCanonicalPath()在所有平台上对所有别名、快捷方式、符号链接采用统一的解析。
0x09 格式化字符串
1、原理:
(1)正常输入:
11
正常拼接:
System.out.printf("11 did not match! HINT: It was issued on %1$te rd of some month\n", c);
(2)恶意输入:
%1$tm或%1$te或%1$tY
恶意拼接:
System.out.printf("%1$tm did not match! HINT: It was issued on %1$te rd of some month\n", c);
2、Java代码分析
(1)非合规代码:
public class DateFault { static Calendar c = new GregorianCalendar(2016, GregorianCalendar.MAY, 23); public static void main(String[] args){ //正常用户输入 System.out.println("正常用户输入....."); format("11"); System.out.println("非正常输入获取月份....."); format("%1$tm"); System.out.println("非正常输入获取日....."); format("%1$te"); System.out.println("非正常输入获取年份....."); format("%1$tY"); } private static void format(String month){ System.out.printf(month+" did not match! HINT: It was issued on %1$te rd of some month\n", c); } }
运行结果:
11 did not match! HINT: It was issued on 23rd of some month 非正常输入获取月份..... 05 did not match! HINT: It was issued on 23rd of some month 非正常输入获取日..... 23 did not match! HINT: It was issued on 23rd of some month 非正常输入获取年份..... 2016 did not match! HINT: It was issued on 23rd of some month
(2)合规代码:
public class DateFormat { static Calendar c = new GregorianCalendar(2016, GregorianCalendar.MAY, 23); public static void main(String[] args){ //正常用户输入 System.out.println("正常用户输入....."); format("11"); System.out.println("非正常输入获取月份....."); format("%1$tm"); System.out.println("非正常输入获取日....."); format("%1$te"); System.out.println("非正常输入获取年份....."); format("%1$tY"); } private static void format(String month){ System.out.printf("%s did not match! HINT: It was issued on %1$te rd of some month\n", month, c); } }
运行结果:
正常用户输入..... 11 did not match! HINT: It was issued on Exception in thread "main" java.util.IllegalFormatConversionException: e != java.lang.String
3、防范建议:
√ 对用户输入进行安全检查
√ 在格式字符串中,杜绝使用用户输入参数
0x0A 字符串标准化
1、原理:
(1)合法输入:
username=budi
(2)恶意输入一:
username=/><script>alert(1)</script> username=/\uFE65\uFE64script\uFE65alert(1) \uFE64/script\uFE65
(3)恶意输入二:
username=A\uD8AB username=A?
2、Java代码分析
(1)非合规代码(先检查再统一编码)
public class EncodeFault { public static void main(String[] args){ System.out.println("未编码的非法字符"); check("/><script>alert(2)</script>"); System.out.println("Unicode编码的非法字符"); check("/\uFE65\uFE64script\uFE65alert(1) \uFE64/script\uFE65"); } public static void check(String s){ Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("[<>]"); Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(s); if (matcher.find()){ System.out.println(s+"->存在非法字符"); }else{ System.out.println(s+"->合法字符"); } s = Normalizer.normalize(s, Form.NFC); } }
运行结果:
未编码的非法字符 /><script>alert(2)</script>->存在非法字符 Unicode编码的非法字符 /﹥﹤script﹥alert(1) ﹤/script﹥->合法字符
(3)合规代码(先统一编码再检查)
public class EncodeFormat { public static void main(String[] args){ System.out.println("未编码的非法字符"); check("/><script>alert(2)</script>"); System.out.println("Unicode编码的非法字符"); check("/\uFE65\uFE64script\uFE65alert(1)\uFE64/script\uFE65"); } public static void check(String s){ s = Normalizer.normalize(s, Form.NFC); // 用\uFFFD替代非Unicode编码字符 s = s.replaceAll("^\\p{ASCII}]", "\uFFFD"); Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("[<>]"); Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(s); if (matcher.find()){ System.out.println(s+"->存在非法字符"); }else{ System.out.println(s+"->合法字符"); } } }
运行结果:
未编码的非法字符 /><script>alert(2)</script>->存在非法字符 Unicode编码的非法字符 /><script>alert(1)</script>->存在非法字符
3、防范建议:
√ 先按指定编码方式标准化字符串,再检查非法输入
√ 检测非法字符
0x0B 最后总结
- 从安全角度看,移动应用与传统Web应用没有本质区别。
- 安全的Web应用必须处理好两件事:
- 处理好用户的输入(HTTP请求)
- 处理好应用的输出(HTTP响应)
参考文献: 《Java安全编码标准》